Covid-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Eş Şiddeti: Alanyazın Çalışması

Yıl 2021, , 289 - 297, 01.12.2021

Zihniye Okray Cemaliye Direktör Güley Bilgi Abatay

https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.4.30

Öz

COVID-19 pandemisi ile birlikte evde kalma, sosyal izolasyon ve bunun gibi virüsün bulaşını engelleyecek bir çok önlem Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tavsiyeleri doğrultusunda devletler tarafından alınmış ve uygulamaya konulmuştur. Bu gibi sosyal izolasyon kararları COVID-19 pandemisinin toplum içerisinde bulaşını engellese de beraberinde başka sorunları da getirmiştir. Evler virüsten korunmak için güvenli bölgeler olarak görülürken ev içinde kadına yönelik şiddet pandemisi ortaya çıkmıştır. Sosyal izolasyon kararlarının alınmasından itibaren eş şiddeti ile ilgili başvurular artmış ve kadınlar pandemi öncesinden daha sık ve daha ciddi boyutlarda eş şiddetine maruz kalmışlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı pandemi gibi psikososyal krizlerde eş şiddetini artıran faktörleri tespit etmektir. Araştırma sonucunda eş şiddetinin dünya genelinde sosyo-ekonomik ve eğitim durumu gözetmeksizin toplumların genelinde yaygın şekilde ortaya çıktığı, aile üyelerinin uzun süreler aynı ortamı paylaşması ve pandeminin yarattığı ekonomik kayıpların eş şiddetini artıran önemli değişkenler olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, pandemi, eş şiddeti, tetikleyiciler

Kaynakça

• Agüero J. M. (2021). COVID-19 and the rise of intimate partner violence. World Development, 137, 105217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105217
• Altın, G. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisi Bağlamında kadına karşı şiddete ilişkin bir değerlendirme. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 32(1), 211-225. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.760243
• Arenas-Arroyo, E., Fernandez-Kranz, D., & Nollenberger, N. (2021). Intimate partner violence under forced cohabitation and economic stress: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Public Economics, 194, 104350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104350
• Baig, M. A. M., Ali, S., & Tunio, N. A. (2020). Domestic violence amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Pakistan’s perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 32(8), 525–526. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539520962965
• Barnawi, F. H. (2017). Prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence against women attending a primary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(8), 1171-1186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515587669
• Boserup, B., McKenney, M., & Elkbuli, A. (2020). Alarming trends in US domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 38(12), 2753-2755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.077
• Bradbury‐Jones, C., & Isham, L. (2020). The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID‐19 on domestic violence. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 2047–2049. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15296
• Bradley, N. L., DiPasquale, A. M., Dillabough, K., & Schneider, P. S. (2020). Health care practitioners’ responsibility to address intimate partner violence related to the COVID-19 pandemic. CMAJ, 192(22), E609-E610. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.200634
• Bright, C. F., Burton, C., & Kosky, M. (2020). Considerations of the impacts of COVID-19 on domestic violence in the United States. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1), 100069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100069
• Brown, C. S., Ravallion, M., & Van de Walle, D. (2020). Can the world’s poor protect themselves from the new coronavirus? (No. w27200). National Bureau of Economic Research. Cambridge May 2020, working paper, Erişim 02 Şubat 2021.
• Buttell, F., & Ferreira, R. J. (2020). The hidden disaster of COVID-19: Intimate partner violence. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000646
• El‐Serag, R., & Thurston, R. C. (2020). Matters of the heart and mind: interpersonal violence and cardiovascular disease in women. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(4), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.015479
• Ergönen, A. T., Biçen, E., & Ersoy, G. (2020). COVID-19 Salgınında Ev İçi Şiddet. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine, 25(COVID-19 Sp. I.), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.17986/blm.2020.v25i.1408
• Ertan, D., El-Hage, W., Thierrée, S., Javelot, H., & Hingray, C. (2020). COVID-19: urgency for distancing from domestic violence. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1800245. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1800245
• Gebrewahd, G.T., Gebremeskel, G.G. & Tadesse, D.B.(2020). Intimate partner violence against reproductive age women during COVID-19 pandemic in northern Ethiopia 2020: a community-based cross-sectional study. Reprod Health 17, 152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-01002-w
• Ghimire, C., Acharya, S., Shrestha, C., KC, P., Singh, S., & Sharma, P. (2020). Interpersonal Violence during the COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA: Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 58(230), 751–757. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.5499
• Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic: What is the role of psychiatry?. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 71, 101594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101594
• Hale, T., Webster, S., Petherick, A., Phillips, T. & Kira, B. (2020). Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. https://apo.org.au/node/303043. Erişim tarihi: 23 Ocak 2021.
• Hall, B.J. & Tucker, J.D. (2020). Surviving in place: The coronavirus domestic violence syndemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 102179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102179
• Hamadani, J. D., Hasan, M. I., Baldi, A. J., Hossain, S. J., Shiraji, S., Bhuiyan, M. S. A., ., Fisher, J., Tofail, F., Tipu, S.M.M.U., Grantham-McGregor, S., Biggs, B.A., Braat, S. & Pasricha, S. R. (2020). Immediate impact of stay-at-home orders to control COVID-19 transmission on socioeconomic conditions, food insecurity, mental health, and intimate partner violence in Bangladeshi women and their families: an interrupted time series. The Lancet Global Health, 8(11), e1380-e1389. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30366-1
• Hsu, L.C., Henke, A.(2020). COVID-19, staying at home, and domestic violence. Rev Econ Household. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-020-09526-7 Ingram, K. M., Espelage, D. L., Davis, J. P., & Merrin, G. J. (2020). Family violence, sibling, and peer aggression during adolescence: associations with behavioral health outcomes. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00026
• John, N., Casey, S. E., Carino, G., & McGovern, T. (2020). Lessons Never Learned: Crisis and gender-based violence. Developing World Bioethics, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12261
• Karaçam, Z . (2013). Sistematik Derleme Metodolojisi: Sistematik Derleme Hazırlamak İçin Bir Rehber . Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi , 6 (1) , 26-33 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deuhfed/issue/46815/587078
• Kepenek, E.(2021). Bianet Bağımsız İletişim Ağı. 24 Kasım 2020. 25 Kasım Kadına Yönelik Şiddetle Mücadele Günü: Erkekler 327 günde 253 kadını öldürdü, 715 kadını yaraladı. https://m.bianet.org/bianet/toplumsal-cinsiyet/234827-erkekler-327-gunde-253-kadini-oldurdu-715-kadini-yaraladi: Erişim tarihi: 07 Şubat 2021.
• Leslie, E., & Wilson, R. (2020). Sheltering in place and domestic violence: Evidence from calls for service during COVID-19. Journal of Public Economics, 189, 104241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104241
• Matoori, S., Khurana, B., Balcom, M.C. et al.(2020). Addressing intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: how radiologists can make a difference. Eur Radiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07332-4
• Mazza, M., Marano, G., Lai, C., Janiri, L., & Sani, G. (2020). Danger in danger: Interpersonal violence during COVID-19 quarantine. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113046
• Miller, E., & McCaw, B. (2019). Intimate partner violence. New England Journal of Medicine, 380(9), 850-857. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1807166
• Mohler, G., Bertozzi, A.L., Carter, J., Short, M.B., Sledge, D., Tita, G.E., Uchida, C. D. & Brantingham, J.P. (2020). Impact of social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic on crime in Los Angeles and Indianapolis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 68, 101692, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101692
• Moreira, D. N., & Pinto da Costa, M. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the precipitation of intimate partner violence. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101606
• Peterman, A., Potts, A., O'Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S., & Van Gelder, N. (2020). Pandemics and violence against women and children (Vol. 528). Washington, DC: Center for Global Development. https://www.cgdev.org/publication/ pandemics-and-violence-against-women-and-children, Erişim tarihi: 8 Şubat 2021.
• Roesch, E., Amin, A., Gupta, J., & García-Moreno, C. (2020). Violence against women during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. BMJ: British Medical Journal,369, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1712
• Sánchez, O. R., Vale, D. B., Rodrigues, L., & Surita, F. G. (2020). Violence against women during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An integrative review. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 151(2), 180-187. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13365
• Sharma, A., Borah, S.B.(2020). COVID-19 and Domestic Violence: an Indirect Path to Social and Economic Crisis. J Fam Viol . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00188-8
• Telles, L. E., Valenca, A. M., Barros, A. J., & da Silva, A. G. (2020). Domestic violence in the COVID-19 pandemic: a forensic psychiatric perspective. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, (AHEAD). https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1060
• Toprak Ergönen, A., Biçen, E., Ersoy G. (2020). COVID-19 Salgınında Ev İçi Şiddet. Bull Leg Med. 30 Mayıs 2020;25(Özel Sayı ):48-57.
• Van Gelder, N., Peterman, A., Potts, A., O'Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., & Oertelt-Prigione, S. (2020). COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence. EClinicalMedicine, 21, 100348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100348
• Viero, A., Barbara, G., Montisci, M., Kustermann, K., & Cattaneo, C. (2020). Violence against women in the COVID-19 pandemic: a review of the literature and a call for shared strategies to tackle health and social emergencies. Forensic Science International, 110650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110650
• World Health Organization. Director‐General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID‐19 [WHO website]. 2020. https://www. who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who‐director‐general‐s‐opening‐remar ks‐at‐the‐media‐briefing‐on‐COVID‐19–‐11‐march‐2020. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.