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Ergenlerde psikolojik zihinliliğin yordayıcısı olarak yılmazlık ve empati

Yıl 2023, , 316 - 334, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.33400/kuje.1249945

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ergenlerin psikolojik zihinlilikleri ile empati ve yılmazlıkları arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olup olmadığının incelenmesidir. Ergenlerin psikolojik zihinliliklerinin daha iyi ve sağlıklı bir şekilde anlaşılması için bu üç değişkenin birlikte incelenmesinin, öğrencilerin eğitim sürecinde yaşamaları muhtemel psikolojik problemleri fark etme ve yardım aramaya yönelik harekete geçmeleri açısından önem taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Bu araştırma, korelasyonel desende yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Konya ilinde ortaöğretim kurumlarında öğrenim gören 481 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, Ergenler için Psikolojik Zihinlilik Ölçeği, Çocuk ve Genç Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği ve Temel Empati Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi aşamasında SPSS-20 paket programı ile değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin saptanması için Pearson Momentler Çarpımı korelasyon katsayısı ile çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, yılmazlığın ergenlerin psikolojik zihinliliklerini ve psikolojik zihinlilik alt boyutlarından yardım arama, içgörü ve değişim kapasitesini pozitif yönde anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı; bilişsel empatinin ergenlerin psikolojik zihinliliklerini ve psikolojik zihinlilik alt boyutlarından psikolojik ilgi ve içgörülerini pozitif yönde anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı; duygusal empatinin ise ergenlerin psikolojik zihinliliklerini ve psikolojik zihinlilik alt boyutlarından yardım arama, psikolojik ilgi, içgörü ve değişim kapasitesini pozitif yönde anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Ergenlerin, yılmazlık, bilişsel empati ve duygusal empatileri arttıkça, psikolojik zihinlilikleri de artmaktadır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada ergenlerin empati ve yılmazlıklarının psikolojik zihinliliklerini anlamlı olarak yordadığı saptanmış ve alan yazın doğrultusunda çeşitli öneriler sıralanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Applebaum, S. A. (1973). Psychological-mindedness: Word, concept, and essence. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 54(1), 35–46.
  • Arslan, G. (2015). Çocuk ve genç psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin psikometrik özellikleri: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 1 (16): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12984/eed.23397
  • Balcı, A. (2001). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma: yöntem teknik ve ilkeler (10. baskı). PegemA Yayıncılık.
  • Batson, C. D., Fullz, J., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1987). Distress and empathy: two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences. Journal of Personality, 55(1), 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00426.x
  • Beitel, M., & Cecero, J. J. (2003). Predicting psychological mindedness from personality style and attachment security. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59(1), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10125
  • Beitel, M., Ferrer, E., & Cecero, J. J. (2004). Psychological mindedness and cognitive style. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(6), 567-582. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20095
  • Beitel, M., Ferrer, E., & Cecero, J. J. (2005). Psychological mindedness and awareness of self and others. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61, 739-750. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20095
  • Benard, B. (1991). Fostering resiliency in kids: Protective factors in the family, school and community, OR: Nortwest Regional Educational Laboratory, Porland.
  • Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 349–61. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.349
  • Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 58(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.59.1.20
  • Boylan, M. B. (2006). Psychological mindedness as a predictor of treatment outcome with depressed adolescents (Unpublished PhD Thesis). University of Pittsburgh.
  • Büyüköztürk, S., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, O.E., Karadeniz, S., & Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (7. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic Press
  • Compton, M. T., Broussard, B., Hankerson-Dyson, D., Krishan, S., & Stewart-Hutto, T. (2011). Do empathy and psychological mindedness affect police officers' decision to enter crisis intervention team training? Psychiatric Services, 62(6), 632–638. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.62.6.pss6206_0632
  • Conte, H. R., Buckley, P., Picard, S. & Karasu, T. B. (1995). Relationships between psychological mindedness and personality traits and ego functioning: validity studies. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 36(1),11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-440x(95)90093-b
  • Conte, H. R., Ratto, R., & Karasu, T. B. (1996). The psychological mindedness scale. Factor structure and relationship to outcome of psychotherapy. The Journal Of Psychotherapy Practice And Research, 5(3), 250-259.
  • Cronbach, L. J., Schonemann, P., & McKie, D. (1965). Alpha coefficients for stratified-paralel tests. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 25, 291-312. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446502500201
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (3.Basım). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
  • Darvishzadeh, K., & Bozorgi, Z. D. (2016). The relationship between resilience, psychological hardiness, spiritual intelligence, and development of the moral judgement of the female students. Asian Social Science, 12(3), 170-176. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n3p170
  • Denizli, S., Pamukçu, B., & Meydan, B. (2019). Psikolojik danışma süreç ve sonuç araştırmalarında danışana ilişkin bir değişken: Psikolojik zihinlilik. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(40), 419-431. https://doi.org/10.21764/efd.01537
  • Dökmen, Ü. (1988). Empatinin yeni bir modele dayanılarak ölçülmesi ve psikodrama ile geliştirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1-2), 155-190. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000999
  • Farber, B.A. (1985). The genesis, development, and implications of psychological mindedness in psychotherapists. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 22(2), 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085490
  • Faure, P. A. (2014). Improving career transition success (Master thessis). Philosophy Candidate, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1278574
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th edt.). New York: McGram-Hill Companies.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.218
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J.T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 745-774. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Seventh Ed.). Saddle River: NJ: Pearson.
  • Hall, J. A. (1992). Psychological mindedness: A conceptual model. American Journal of Psychotherapy, , 46(1): 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1992.46.1.131
  • Hatcher, R.L., & Hatcher, S.L. (1997). Assessing the psychological mindedness of children and adolescents. In M. McCallum & W.E. Piper (Eds.), Psychological mindedness: A contemporary understanding (pp. 105–131). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Hatcher, R., Hatcher, S., Berlin, M., Okla, K., & Richards, J. (1990). Psychological mindedness and abstract reasoning in late childhood and adolescence: An exploration using new instruments. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 19(4), 307-326. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537075
  • Jackson, D., Firtko, A., & Edenborough, M. (2007). Personal resilience as a strategy for surviving and thriving in the face of workplace adversity: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 60(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04412.x
  • Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2006). Development and validation of the basic empathy scale. Journal of Adolescence, 29(4), 589–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.010
  • Kalliopuska, M. (1992). Holistic empathy education among preschool and school children. International Scientific Conference Comenius Heritage and Education of Man, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Karataş, Z., & Tagay, Ö. (2021). The relationships between resilience of the adults affected by the covid pandemic in Turkey and Covid-19 fear, meaning in life, life satisfaction, intolerance of uncertainty and hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110592
  • Karyagina, T. D., & Chumakova, M. A. (2018). Empathy, alexıthymıa, and psychologıcal mındedness: the latent profıle analysıs. ICE Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference. https://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs. 2018.11.02.29
  • Kaya, E. M., Eken, O. F., & Ümmet, D. (2021). İçgörü ve Bilişsel Esnekliğin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Üzerindeki Yordayıcı Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 3(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.1.05
  • Klohnen, E. C. (1996). Conceptual analysis and measurement of the construct of egoresiliency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 1067–1079. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.1067
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Resilience and empathy as predictors of psychological mindedness in adolescents

Yıl 2023, , 316 - 334, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.33400/kuje.1249945

Öz

The aim of this research is to determine the psychological mindfulness, empathy and resilience of adolescents to examine whether there is a significant relationship between them. It is thought that examining these three variables together for a better and healthier understanding of the psychological mindedness of adolescents is important in terms of students' experience in the education process, noticing possible psychological problems and taking action towards seeking help. This research was conducted in the relational screening model. Study group of the research, 2020-2021 out of 481 students studying in high school in Konya in the academic year consists of. Analysis of data in order to determine the relationship between the SPSS-20 package program and the variables at the stage of multiple linear regression analysis with Pearson Moments correlation coefficient was used. As a result of the research, it was found that resilience affects the psychological mindedness and psychological mindedness of adolescents. Sub-dimensions of seeking help, insight and change capacity positively and significantly. predicted; cognitive empathy and psychological mindfulness of adolescents and psychological mindfulness sub-positively predicted psychological interest and insight from the dimensions. On the other hand, emotional empathy determines adolescents' psychological mindfulness and psychological mindfulness sub-dimensions. Dimensions of help seeking, psychological interest, insight and change capacity positively was found to predict significantly. As adolescents' resilience, cognitive empathy and emotional empathy increase, their psychological mindedness also increases. Various recommendations are listed.

Kaynakça

  • Applebaum, S. A. (1973). Psychological-mindedness: Word, concept, and essence. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 54(1), 35–46.
  • Arslan, G. (2015). Çocuk ve genç psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin psikometrik özellikleri: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 1 (16): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12984/eed.23397
  • Balcı, A. (2001). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma: yöntem teknik ve ilkeler (10. baskı). PegemA Yayıncılık.
  • Batson, C. D., Fullz, J., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1987). Distress and empathy: two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences. Journal of Personality, 55(1), 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00426.x
  • Beitel, M., & Cecero, J. J. (2003). Predicting psychological mindedness from personality style and attachment security. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59(1), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10125
  • Beitel, M., Ferrer, E., & Cecero, J. J. (2004). Psychological mindedness and cognitive style. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(6), 567-582. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20095
  • Beitel, M., Ferrer, E., & Cecero, J. J. (2005). Psychological mindedness and awareness of self and others. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61, 739-750. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20095
  • Benard, B. (1991). Fostering resiliency in kids: Protective factors in the family, school and community, OR: Nortwest Regional Educational Laboratory, Porland.
  • Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 349–61. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.349
  • Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 58(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.59.1.20
  • Boylan, M. B. (2006). Psychological mindedness as a predictor of treatment outcome with depressed adolescents (Unpublished PhD Thesis). University of Pittsburgh.
  • Büyüköztürk, S., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, O.E., Karadeniz, S., & Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (7. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic Press
  • Compton, M. T., Broussard, B., Hankerson-Dyson, D., Krishan, S., & Stewart-Hutto, T. (2011). Do empathy and psychological mindedness affect police officers' decision to enter crisis intervention team training? Psychiatric Services, 62(6), 632–638. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.62.6.pss6206_0632
  • Conte, H. R., Buckley, P., Picard, S. & Karasu, T. B. (1995). Relationships between psychological mindedness and personality traits and ego functioning: validity studies. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 36(1),11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-440x(95)90093-b
  • Conte, H. R., Ratto, R., & Karasu, T. B. (1996). The psychological mindedness scale. Factor structure and relationship to outcome of psychotherapy. The Journal Of Psychotherapy Practice And Research, 5(3), 250-259.
  • Cronbach, L. J., Schonemann, P., & McKie, D. (1965). Alpha coefficients for stratified-paralel tests. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 25, 291-312. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446502500201
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (3.Basım). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
  • Darvishzadeh, K., & Bozorgi, Z. D. (2016). The relationship between resilience, psychological hardiness, spiritual intelligence, and development of the moral judgement of the female students. Asian Social Science, 12(3), 170-176. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n3p170
  • Denizli, S., Pamukçu, B., & Meydan, B. (2019). Psikolojik danışma süreç ve sonuç araştırmalarında danışana ilişkin bir değişken: Psikolojik zihinlilik. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(40), 419-431. https://doi.org/10.21764/efd.01537
  • Dökmen, Ü. (1988). Empatinin yeni bir modele dayanılarak ölçülmesi ve psikodrama ile geliştirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1-2), 155-190. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000999
  • Farber, B.A. (1985). The genesis, development, and implications of psychological mindedness in psychotherapists. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 22(2), 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085490
  • Faure, P. A. (2014). Improving career transition success (Master thessis). Philosophy Candidate, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1278574
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th edt.). New York: McGram-Hill Companies.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.218
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J.T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 745-774. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Seventh Ed.). Saddle River: NJ: Pearson.
  • Hall, J. A. (1992). Psychological mindedness: A conceptual model. American Journal of Psychotherapy, , 46(1): 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1992.46.1.131
  • Hatcher, R.L., & Hatcher, S.L. (1997). Assessing the psychological mindedness of children and adolescents. In M. McCallum & W.E. Piper (Eds.), Psychological mindedness: A contemporary understanding (pp. 105–131). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Hatcher, R., Hatcher, S., Berlin, M., Okla, K., & Richards, J. (1990). Psychological mindedness and abstract reasoning in late childhood and adolescence: An exploration using new instruments. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 19(4), 307-326. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537075
  • Jackson, D., Firtko, A., & Edenborough, M. (2007). Personal resilience as a strategy for surviving and thriving in the face of workplace adversity: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 60(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04412.x
  • Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2006). Development and validation of the basic empathy scale. Journal of Adolescence, 29(4), 589–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.010
  • Kalliopuska, M. (1992). Holistic empathy education among preschool and school children. International Scientific Conference Comenius Heritage and Education of Man, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Karataş, Z., & Tagay, Ö. (2021). The relationships between resilience of the adults affected by the covid pandemic in Turkey and Covid-19 fear, meaning in life, life satisfaction, intolerance of uncertainty and hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110592
  • Karyagina, T. D., & Chumakova, M. A. (2018). Empathy, alexıthymıa, and psychologıcal mındedness: the latent profıle analysıs. ICE Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference. https://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs. 2018.11.02.29
  • Kaya, E. M., Eken, O. F., & Ümmet, D. (2021). İçgörü ve Bilişsel Esnekliğin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Üzerindeki Yordayıcı Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 3(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.1.05
  • Klohnen, E. C. (1996). Conceptual analysis and measurement of the construct of egoresiliency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 1067–1079. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.1067
  • Lambert, M. J. (1992). Psychotherapy outcome research: Implications for integrative and eclectic therapists. J. C. Norcross ve M. R. Goldfried (Yay. haz.), Handbook of Psychotherapy İntegration içinde (ss. 94-129). New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Liebenberg, L., Ungar, M., & LeBlanc, J. C. (2013). The CYRM-12: A brief measure of resilience. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 131-135. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405676
  • Liebenberg, L., Ungar, M., & Van de Vijver, F. R. R. (2012). Validation of the child and youth resilience measure-28 (CYRM-28) among canadian youth with complex needs. Research on Social Work Practice, 22(2), 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731511428619
  • McCallum, M., & Piper, W. E. (1996). Psychological mindedness. Psychiatry, 59(1), 48-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1996.11024750
  • McKee-Ryan, F. M., Song, Z., Wanberg, C. R., & Kinicki, A. J. (2005). Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: A meta-analytic study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 53-76. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.53
  • Meredith, L.S., Sherbourne, C.D., Gaillot, S.J., Hansell, L., Ritschard, H.V., Parker, A.M., & Wrenn, G. (2011). Promoting psychological resilience in the U.S. military. Rand Health Quarterly, 1(2), 2.
  • Mertler, C. A., & Vannatta, R. A. (2016). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation (6.publish). CA: Pyrczak Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315266978
  • Murphy, L. B. (1987). Further reflections on resilience. In: EJ. Anthony, BJ. Cohler (eds.) The invulnerable child. (pp. 84-105), Guilford, New York.
  • Reiser, M. F. (1971). Psychological issues in training for research in psychiatry. Journal Of Psychiatric Research, 8(3), 531–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(71)90042-2
  • Richardson, G. E. (2002). The metatheory of resilience and resiliency. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 307–321. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10020
  • Roxas, A. S. (2011). The relationships of psychological mindedness and religious coping to psychological distress and adjustment in high-school adolescents (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Fordham University, New York.
  • Roxas, A. S., & Glenwick, D. S. (2014). The relationship of psychological mindedness and general coping to psychological adjustment and distress in high-school adolescents. Individual Differences Research, 12(2), 38-49.
  • Rutter, M. (1993). Resilience: Some conceptual considerations. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14(8), 626-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-139x(93)90196-v
  • Tan, S. (2009). Misuses of KR-20 and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients. Eğitim ve Bilim, 34(152), 101-112.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5. publish). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2006). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. (3. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel.
  • Tolar, A., & Reznikoff, M. (1960). A new approach to insight: a preliminary report. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 130(4), 286-296. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-196004000-00003
  • Topcu, Ç., Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Çapa-Aydın, Y. (2010). Temel empati ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(34), 174-182.
  • Trudeau, K. J., & Reich, R. (1995). Correlates of psychological mindedness. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(5), 699–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(95)00110-r
  • Uzun, K., Tagay, Ö., & Karataş, Z. (2020). Ergenler için psikolojik zihinlilik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 322-342. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.670101
  • Yüksel, A. (2004). Empati eğitim programının ilköğretim öğrencilerinin empatik becerilerine etkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 341-354.
  • Yüksel, A. (2009). İlköğretim 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin empatik becerileriyle aile işlevleri ve benlik kavramlarının incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(25), 153-165.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Zeynep Karataş 0000-0002-4532-6827

Osman Cırcır 0000-0002-7847-9205

Özlem Tagay 0000-0002-9821-5960

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Şubat 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Karataş, Z., Cırcır, O., & Tagay, Ö. (2023). Ergenlerde psikolojik zihinliliğin yordayıcısı olarak yılmazlık ve empati. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 6(1), 316-334. https://doi.org/10.33400/kuje.1249945



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