Laktik Asit Bakterilerinin Plazmidleri ve Bunların Özellikleri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 252 - 285, 31.12.2017

Hidayet Sağlam , Aynur Gül Karahan

Öz

Laktik asit bakterileri (LAB)
karbonhidrat fermantasyonu sonucunda başlıca son ürün olarak laktik asit oluşturan
mikroorganizmalardır. Bu bakteriler doğada yaygın olarak bulunmakta, aynı
zamanda çeşitli fermente ürünlerin üretiminde başlatıcı kültür olarak
kullanılmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle LAB gıda endüstrisinde önemli rol
oynamaktadırlar. LAB’larda endüstriyel açıdan önemli olan birçok özellik ekstrakromozomal
genetik yapılar olarak ifade edilen plazmidlerde kodludur. Laktoz
metabolizması, bakteriyosin sentezi, antibiyotiklere dirençlilik,
ekzopolisakkarit üretimi ve bakteriyofaj dirençlilik özellikleri plazmidlerde
kodlu özelliklere örnek olarak verilebilmektedir. Bakterilerde bulunan plazmidlerin
büyüklük ve sayıları cins, hatta tür düzeyinde farklılık göstermektedir. LAB plazmidlerine
yönelik yapılan çalışmalarda plazmid büyüklüklerinin 0,87–250 kb arasında değiştiği,
bazı türler plazmid içermezken, bazılarında ise 16 adet plazmid varlığına rastlandığı
belirtilmektedir. Bu derlemede; plazmidlerin genel özellikleri, LAB’larda kodlu
plazmidler ve bu plazmidlerin taşıdıkları genetik özellikler üzerinde
durulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Laktik asit bakterileri, plazmid, Fenotip

Kaynakça

• Ahn, C., Collins-Thompson, D., Duncan, C., Stiles, M. E., 1992. Mobilization and location of the genetic determinant of chloramphenicol resistance from Lactobacillus plantarum caTC2R. Plasmid, 27, 169-176.
• Ahrne, S., Molin, G., Stahl, S., 1989. Plasmids in Lactobacillus strains isolated from meat and meat products. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 11, 320-325.
• Allison, G. E., Fremaux, C., Klaenhammer, T. R., 1994. Expansion of bacteriocin activity and host range after complementation of two peptides encoded within the lactacin F operon. Journal of Bacteriology, 176, 2235-2241.
• Alp, G., Aslım, B., 2009. İnsan bağırsak sisteminde probiyotik olarak bifidobakterilerin önemi. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology, 10, 2, 343-354.
• Alpert, C. A., Chassy, B. M., 1988. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the factor IIIlac gene of Lactobacillus casei. Gene, 62, 277-288.
• Andrup, L., Damgaard, J., Wasserman, K., Boe, L., Madsen, S. M., Hansen, F. G., 1994. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis plasmid pTX14-3 and its correlation with biological properties. Plasmid, 31, 72–88.
• Aoki, T., Noguchi, N., Sasatsu, M., Kono, M., 1987. Complete nucleotide sequence of pTZ12, a chloramphenicol-resistance plasmid of Bacillus subtilis. Gene, 51,107–110.
• Aran, N., 2010. Gıda Biyoteknolojisi. Nobel yayınları. 1. Baskı. ISBN 978-605-395-299-2.
• Asteri, A. I., Papadimitriou, K., Boutou, E., Anastasiou, R., Pot, B., Vorgias, E. C., Tsakalidou, E., 2010. Characterization of pLAC1, a cryptic plasmid isolated from Lactobacillus acidipiscis and comparative analysis with its related plasmids. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 141, 222-228.
• Axelsson, L. T., Ahrne, S. E. I., Andersson, M. C., Stahl, S. R., 1988. Identification and cloning of a plasmid-encoded eritromisin resistance determinant from Lactobacillus reuteri. Plasmid, 20, 171-174.
• Axelsson, L., Holck, A., Birkeland, S. E., Aukrust, T., Blom, H., 1993. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a gene from Lactobacillus sake Lb706 necessary for sakacin A production and immunity. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59, 2868-2875.
• Axelsson, L., Holck, A., 1995. The genes involved in the production of and immunity to sakacin A, a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus sake Lb706. Journal of Bacteriology, 177, 2125-2137.
• Ayhan, K., 2000. Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi ve Uygulamaları. Gıdalarda Bulunan Mikroorganizmalar. 2. Baskı. Sim Matbaacılık. Ankara.
• Bernhard, K., Schrempft, H., Goebel, W., 1978. Bacteriocin and antibiotic resistance plasmids in Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. Journal Bacteriology, 133, 897–903.
• Benoit, V., Mathis, R., Lefebvre, G., 1994. Characterization of brevicin 27, a bacteriocin synthetized by Lactobacillus brevis SB27. Current Microbiology, 28, 53-61.
• Brehm, J. K., Pennock, A., Bullman, H. M. S., Young, M., Oultram, J. D., Minton, N. P., 1992. Physical characterization of the replication origin of the cryptic plasmid pCB101 isolated from Clostridium butyricum NCIB 7423. Plasmid, 28, 1–13.
• Bringel, F., Frey, L., Hubert, JC., 1989. Characterization, cloning, curing, and distribution in lactic acid bacteria of pLP1, a plasmid from Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 1904 and its use in shuttle vector construction. Plasmid, 22, 193–202.
• Brito, L., Vieira, G., Santos, M. A., Paveia, H., 1996. Nucleotide sequence analysis of pOg32, a cryptic plasmid from Leuconostoc oenos. Plasmid, 36, 49–54.
• Bron, S., Bosma, P., Van Belkum, M., Luxen, E., 1987. Stability function in the Bacillus subtilis plasmid pTA1060. Plasmid, 18, 8–15.
• Bronzetti, G., 1995. Antimutagens in food. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 5, 390-395.
• Bosch, M., Fuentes, MC., Audivert, S., Bonachera, MA., Peiro, S., Cune, J., 2014. Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7527, 7528 and 7529: probiotic candidates to reduce cholesterol levels. J Sci Food Agric, 94: 803–809.
• Bouia, A., Bringel, F., Frey, L., Kammerer, B., Belarbi, A., Guyonvarch, A., Hubert, J. C., 1989. Structural organization of pLP1, a cryptic plasmid from Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 1904. Plasmid, 22, 185–192.
• Caro, L., Churchward, G., Chandler, M., 1984. Study of plasmid replication in vivo. Meth. Microbiol. 17, 97-122.
• Chassy, B. M., Gibson, E. M., Giuffrida, A., 1976. Evidence for extrachromosomal elements in Lactobacillus. Journal of Bacteriology, 127, 1576-1578.
• Chassy, B. M., Gibson, E. M., Giuffrida, A., 1978. Evidence for plasmid-associated lactose metablism in Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei. Current Microbiology, 1, 141-144.
• Chassy, B. M., 1985. Prospectives for improving economically significant Lactobacillus strains by “genetic technology”. Trends in Biotechnology, 3, 273-275.
• Chaouni, L. B. A., Etienne, J., Greenland, T., Vandenesch, F.,1996. Nucleic acid sequence and affiliation of pLUG10, a novel cadmium resistance plasmid from Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Plasmid, 36, 1–8.
• Chen, C., Ai, L., Zhou, F., Ren, J., Sun, K., Zhang, H., Chen, W., Guo, B., 2012. Complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid pST-III from Lactobacillus plantarum SY-III. Plasmid, 67, 236-244.
• Chin, S., Abdullah, N., Siang, TW., Wan, HY., 2005. Plasmid profilling and Curing of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Chicken. The Journal of Microbiology, 43, 3,251-256.
• Clark, B. D., Boyle, T. M., Chu, C. Y., Dean, D. H., 1985. Restriction endonuclease mapping of three plasmids from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. Gene, 36, 169–171.
• Coffey, A., Harrington, A., Kearney, K., Daly, C., Fitzgerald, G., 1994. Nucleotide sequence and structural organization of the small, broad-hostrange plasmid pCI1411 from Leuconostoc lactis 533. Microbiology, 140, 2263–2269.
• Darabi, A., Forough, R., Bhardwaj, G., Watabe, M., Goodarazi, G., Gross, S., Watabe, K., 1989. Identification and nucleotide sequence of the minimal replicon of the low-copy-number plasmid pBS2. Plasmid, 22, 281–286.
• Damiani, G., Romagnoli, S., Ferretti, L., Morelli, L., Bottazzi, V., Sgaramella, V., 1987. Sequence and functional analysis of a divergent promoter from a cryptic plasmid of Lactobacillus acidophilus 168s. Plasmid, 17, 69-72.
• Daming, R., Yinyu, W., Zilai, W., Jun, C., Hekui, L., Jingye, Z., 2003. Complete DNA sequence and analysis of two cryptic plasmids isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum. Plasmid, 50, 70–73.
• Danielsen, M., 2002. Characterization of the tetracycline resistance plasmid pMD5057 from Lactobacillus plantarum 5057 reveals a composite structure. Plasmid, 48, 98– 103.
• da Silva Sabo, S., Vitolo, M., González, J.M.D., de Souza Oliveira, R.P., 2014. Overview of Lactobacillus plantarum as a promising bacteriocin producer among lactic acid bacteria. Food Research International, 64, 527–536.
• Devine, K., Hogan, S., Higgins, D., McConnell, D., 1989. Replication and segregational stability of Bacillus plasmid pBAA1. Journal Bacteriology, 171, 1166–1172.
• De Los Reyes-Gavilan, C. G., Limsowtin, G. K. Y., Sechaud, L., Veaux, M., Accolas, J. P., 1990. Evidence for a plasmid-linked restriction-modification system in Lactobacillus helveticus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 56, 3412-3419.
• De Rossi, E., Brigidi, P., Riccardi, G., Milano, A., Matteuzzi, D., 1989. Preliminary studies on the correlation between the plasmid pHJl and its proteolytic activity in Lactobacillus helveticus S 36.2. Physical mapping and molecular cloning of the plasmid in Escherichia coli. Microbiologica, 12, 273-276.
• De Rossi, E., Milano, A., Brigdi, P., Bini, F., Riccardi, G., 1992. Structural organization of pBC1, a cryptic plasmid from Bacillus coagulans. Journal Bacteriology, 174:638–642.
• Djordjevic, G., Bojovic, B., Banina, A., opisirovic, L., 1994. Cloning of promoter-like sequences from Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei CG11 and their expression in Escherichia coli, Lactococcus lactis, and Lactobacillus reuteri. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 40, 1043-1050.
• de Vos, W. M., 1986. Gene cloning in lactic streptococci. Neth. Milk Dairy J., 40, 141-154.
• del Solar, G. H., Moscoso, M., Espinosa, M., 1993. Rolling-circle replicating plasmids from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: a wall falls. Molecular Microbiology, 8, 789–796.
• Drissi, F., Merhej, V., Angelakis, E., El Kaoutari, A., Carriere, F., Henrissat, B., Raoult, D., 2014. Comparative genomics analysis of Lactobacillus species associated with weight gain or weight protection. Nutrition & Diabetes, 4, 1-8.
• Egervarn, M., Roos, S., Lindmark, H., 2009. Identification and characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 107, 1658–1668.
• Eguchi, T., Doi, K., Nishiyama, K., Ohmomo, S., Ogata, S., 2000. Characterization of a phage resistance plasmid, pLKS, of silage making Lactobacillus plantarum NGRI0101. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 64, 751–756.
• Esteban-Torres, M., Mancheno, JM., de las Rivas, B., Munoz, R., 2015. Characterization of a halotolerant lipase from the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum useful in food fermentations. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 60, 246-252.
• Erauso, G., Marsin, S., Benbouzid-Rollet, N., Baucher, M. F., Barbeyron, T., Zivanovic, Y., Prieur, D., Forterre. P., 1996. Sequence of plasmid pGT5 from the archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi: evidence for rolling-circle replication in a hyperthermophile. Journal Bacteriology, 178, 3232–3237.
• Feld, L., Bielak E., Hammer, K., Wilcks, A., 2009. Characterization of a small erythromycin plasmid pLFE1 from the food-isolate Lactobacillus plantarum M345. Plasmid, 61, 159-170.
• Fernandes, C. F., Shahani, K. M., Amer, M. A., 1987. Therapeutic role of dietary lactobacilli and lactobacillic fermented dairy products. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 46, 343-356.
• Fernandez-Gonzalez, C., Cadenas, R. F., Noirot-Gros, M.F., Martin, J. F., Gil, J. A., 1994. Characterization of a region of plasmid pBL1 of Brevibacterium lactofermentum involved in replication via the rolling-circle model. Journal Bacteriology, 176, 3154-3161.
• Fernandez, M., Margolles, A., Suarez, JE., Mayo, B., 1999. Duplication of the β-galactosidase gene in some Lactobacillus plantarum strains. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 48, 113–123.
• Fortina, M. G., Parini, C., Manachini, P. L., 1990. Genotypic and phenotypic corelationships among some strains of Lactobacillus helveticus. Biotechnology Letters, 12, 765-770.
• Fremaux, C., Ahn, C., Klaenhammer, T. R., 1993a. Molecular analysis of the lactacin F operon. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59, 3906-39 15.
• Fremaux, C., Aigle, M., Lonvaud-Funel, A., 1993b. Sequence analysis of Leuconostoc oenos DNA: organization of pLo13, a cryptic plasmid. Plasmid, 30, 212-223.
• Galli, D. M., Leblanc, D. J., 1994. Characterization of pVT36-1, a rolling-circle plasmid from the gram-negative bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Plasmid, 31, 148–157.
• Gilliland, S. E., Nelson, C. R., Maxwell, C., 1985. Assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 49, 377-38 1.
• Grinius, L., Dreguniene, G., Goldberg, E. B., Liao, C.H., Projan, S. J., 1992. A staphylococcal multidrug resistance gene product is a member of a new protein family. Plasmid, 27, 119–129.
• Ghosh, S., Mahapatra, NR., Ramamurthy, T., Banerjee, PC., 2000. Plasmid curing from an acidophilic bacterium of the genus Acidocella. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 183, 271-274.
• Gürsoy, O., Kınık, Ö., 2005. Laktobasiller ve Probiyotik Peynir Üretiminde Kullanım Potansiyelleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 3, 11, 361-371.
• Hara, T., Nagatomo, S., Ogata, S., Ueda, S., 1991. Molecular structure of the replication origin of a Bacillus subtilis (natto) plasmid, pUH1. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57, 1838–1841.
• Hasnain, S., Thomas, C. M., 1996. Two related rolling circle replication plasmids from salt-tolerant bacteria. Plasmid, 36, 191–199. Hayes, F., Daly, C., Fitzgerald, G. F., 1990. Identification of the minimal replicon Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis UC317 Plasmid pCI305. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 56, 202–209.
• Holmes, M. L., Pfeifer, F., Dyall-Smith, M. L., 1995. Analysis of the halobacterial plasmid pHK2 minimal replicon. Gene, 153, 117–121.
• Holck, A., Axelsson, L., Birkeland, S.-E., Aukrust, T., Blom, H., 1992. Purification and amino acid sequence of sakacin A, a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus sake Lb706. Journal of General Microbiology, 138, 2715-2720.
• Hoshino, T., Ikeda, T., Furukawa, K., Tomizuka, N., 1985. Genetic relationship between pUB110 and antibiotic-resistant plasmids obtained from thermophilic bacilli. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 31, 614–619.
• Huys, G., D’Haene, K., Swings, J., 2006. Genetic basis of tetracycline and minocycline resistance in potentially probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strain CCUG 43738. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 50, 1550–1551.
• Ishiwa, H., Iwata, S., 1980. Drug resistance plasmids in Lactobacillus fermentum. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 26, 71-74.
• Jewell, B., Collins-Thompson, D. L., 1989. Characteritation of chloramphenicol resistance in Luctobacillus plantarum caTC2. Current Microbiology, 19, 343-346.
• Josson, K., Scheirlinck, T., Michiels, F., Platteeuw, C., Stanssens, P., Joos, H., Dhaese, P., Zabeau, M., Mahillon, J., 1989. Characterization of a Gram positive broad-host-range plasmid isolated from Lactobacillus hilgardii. Plasmid, 21, 9-20.
• Josson, K., Soetaert, P., Michiels, F., Joos, H., Mahillon, J., 1990. Lactobacillus hilgardii plasmid pLAB1000 consists of two functional cassettes commonly found in other gram-positive organisms. Journal of Bacteriology, 172, 3089–3099.
• Karasu, N., Şimşek, Ö., Çon, AH., 2010. Technological and probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from traditionally produced fermented vegetables. Annals of Microbiology, 60, (2), 227-234.
• Karthikeyan, V., Santosh, SW., 2009. Isolation and partial characterization of bacteriocin produced from Lactobacillus plantarum. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3, (5): 233-239.
• Kanatani, K., Oshimura, M., Sano, K., 1995. Isolation and characterization of acidocin A and cloning of the bacteriocin gene from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61, 1061-1067.
• Kanatani, K., Oshimura, M., 1994a. Isolation and structural analysis of the phospho-galactosidase gene from Lactobacillus acidophilus. J. Ferm. Bioeng., 78: 123-1 29.
• Kanatani, K., Oshimura, M., 1994b. Plasmid associated bacteriocin production by a Lactobacillus plantarum strain. Bioscience. Biotechnol. and Biochem., 54, 2084-2086.
• Kanatani, K., Tahara, T., Yoshida, K., Miura, H., Sakamoto, M., Oshimura, M. 1992a. Plasmid-associated bacteriocin production by and immunity of Lactobacillus acidophilus TK8912. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 56,648-65 1.
• Kanatani, K., Tahara, T., Yoshida, K., Miura, H., Sakamoto, M., Oshimura, M., 1992b. Plasmid-linked galactose utilization by Lactobacillus acidophilus TK89 12. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 56, 826-827.
• Kanatani, K., Yoshida, K., Tahara, T., Miura, H., Sakamoto, M., Oshimura, M., I991. Isolation and characterization of plasmid DNA in Lactobacillus acidophilus. Agriculture and Biological Chemistry, 55, 2051-2056.
• Kataoka, M., Kiyose, Y. M., Michisuji, Y., Horiguchi, T., Seki, T., Yoshida, T., 1994. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Streptomyces nigrifaciens plasmid, pSN22: genetic organization and correlation with genetic properties. Plasmid, 32, 55–69.
• Kendell, K. J., Cohen, S. N., 1988. Complete nucleotide sequence of the treptomyces lividans plasmid pIJ101 and correlation of the sequence with genetic properties. Journal of Bacteriology, 170, 4643–4651.
• Khan, S. A., Novick, R. P., 1982. Structural analysis of plasmid pSN2 in Staphylococcus aureus: no involvement in enterotoxin B production. Journal of Bacteriology, 149, 642–649.
• Khan, S. A., Novick, R. P., 1983. Complete nucleotide sequence of pT181, a tetracycline-resistance plasmid from Staphylococcus aureus. Plasmid, 10, 251–259.
• Khan, S., 1997. Rolling-Circle Replication of Bacterial Plasmids. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 61, 4, 442–455.
• Kılıç, S., 2001. Süt Endüstrisinde Laktik Asit Bakterileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın no 542, 451 sayfa. İzmir.
• Kim, W.J., Ray B., Johnson, M. C., 1992. Plasmid transfers by conjuction and electroporation in Pediococcus acidilactici. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 72, 201-207.
• Klaenhammer, T. R., Sutherland, S. M., 1980. Detection of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in an isolate of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 39, 671-674.
• Klaenhammer, T. R., 1984. A general method for plasmid isolation in lactobacilli. Current Microbiology, 10, 23-28.
• Klaenhammer, T. R., 1993. Genetics of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 12, 39-86.
• Kleanthous, H., Clayton, C. L., Tabaqchali, S., 1991. Characterization of a plasmid from Helicobacter pylori encoding a replication protein common to plasmids in gram-positive bacteria. Molecular Microbiology, 5, 2377–2389.
• Kojic, M., Vujcic, M., Banina, A., Cocconcelli, P., Cerning, J., Topisirovic, L., 1992. Analysis of exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus casei CG11 isolated from cheese. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 4086-4088.
• Kozlova, E. V., Aminov, R. I., and Boronin, A. M. 1991. Mobilization transfer of the plasmid PUB110 for transfer among Gram-positive bacteria. Molekulyarnaya Genetika Mikrobiologiya I Virusologiya, 9, 23-26.
• Kullen, M. J., Klaenhammer, T. R., 2000. Genetic Modification of Intestinal Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 2, 2, 41-50.
• Leahy, S.C., Higgins, D.G., Fitzgerald, G.F., Sinderen, Va D., 2005. Getting beter with bifidobacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 98, 1303-1315.
• LeBlanc, D. J., Lee, L. N., Jaibet, A.A., 1992. Molecular, genetic, and functional analysis of the basic replicon of pVA380-1, a plasmid of oral streptococcal origin. Plasmid, 28, 130–145.
• Lederberg, J., 1998. Personel Perspective, Plasmid (1952–1997). Plasmid, 39, 1–9.
• Lee, L. J., Hansen, J. B., Jagusztyn-Krynicka, E. K., Chassy, B. M., 1982. Cloning and expression of the P-D-phosphogalactoside galactohydrolase gene of Lactobacillus casei in Escherichia coli K-12. Journal of Bacteriology, 152, 1138-1 146.
• Lee, B. H., 1996. In Fundamentals of Food Biotechnology. VCH Publishers, Inc. New York. pp. 451.
• Lee-Wickner, L. J., Chassy, B. M., 1985. Characterization and molecular cloning of cryptic plasmids isolated from Lactobacillus casei. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 49, 1154-1161.
• Leenhouts, K. J., Tolner, B., Bron, S., Kok, J., Venema, G., Seegers, J. F. M. L., 1991. Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the broad-hostrange lactococcal plasmid pWVO1. Plasmid, 26, 55-66.
• Li R., Zhai, Z., Yin, S., Huang, Y., Wang, Q., Luo, Y., Hao, Y., 2009. Characterization of a Rolling-Circle Replication Plasmid pLR1 from Lactobacillus plantarum LR1. Current Microbiology, 58, 106-110.
• Longley, M., MacDonald, R., Poulter, R. T. M., 1997. Characterization of pBP614, a putative rolling-circle plasmid from Bacillus papillae. Plasmid, 37, 15-21.
• Liu, M. L., Kondo, J. K., Barnes, M. B., Bartholomew, D. T., 1988. Plasmid-liked maltose utilization in Lactobacillus spp. Biochimie, 70, 351-355.
• Lonner, C., Preve-Akeson, K., Ahnre, O., 1990. Plasmid contents of lactic acid bacteria isolated from different types of sour doughs. Current Microbiology, 20, 201-207.
• MacDougall, J., Margarita, D., Girons, I. S., 1992. Homology of a plasmid from the spirochete Treponema denticola with the single-stranded DNA plasmids. Journal of Bacteriology, 174, 2724–2728.
• Mahillion, J., Seurinck, J., 1988. Complete nucleotide sequence of pGI2, a Bacillus thuringiensis plasmid containing Tn4430. Nucleic Acids Research, 16, 11827–11828.
• Mathur, S., Singh, R., 2005. Antibiotic resistance in food lactic acid bacteria-a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 105, 281-295.
• Mayo, B., Gonzalez. B., Arca, P., Snarez, J. E., 1994. Cloning and expression of the plasmid encoded p-D-galactosidase gene from a Lactobacillus plantarum strain of dairy origin. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 122, 145-152.
• Mayo, B., Hardisson, C., Brana, A. F., 1989. Selected characteristics of several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum. Microbiologia Sem., 5, 105-122.
• McCormick, E. L., Savage, D. C., 1983. Characterization of Lactobacillus sp. strain 100-37 from the murine gastrointestinal tract: ecology, plasmid content, and antagonistic activity toward Clostridium ramosum H1. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 46, 1103-1112.
• McDowell, D. G., Mann, N. H., 1991. Characterization and sequence analysis of a small plasmid from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kustaki strain HD1-DIPEL. Plasmid, 25, 113–120.
• McKenzie, T., Hoshino, T., Tanaka, T., Sueoka, N., 1986. The nucleotide sequence of pUB110: some salient features in relation to replication and its regulation. Plasmid, 15, 93–103.
• Miteva, V., Stefanova, T., Takova, T., Grigorova, R., 1991. Isolation and characterisation of plasmids from different strains of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus helveticus and Streptococcus thermophilus. ACTA Microbiologica Bulgarica, 27, 3-8.
• Muller, R. E., Ano, T., Imanaka, T., Aiba, S., 1986. Complete nucleotide sequence of Bacillus plasmids pUB110dB, pRBH1 and its copy mutants. Molecular and General Genetics, 202, 169–171.
• Muriana, P. M., Klaenhammer, T. R., 1987. Conjugal transfer of plasmid-encoded determinants for bacteriocin production and immunity in Lactobacillus acidophilus 88. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 53: 553-560.
• Muriana, P. M., Klaenhammer, T. R., 1991. Cloning, phenotypic expression, and DNA sequence of the gene for lactacin F, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactobacillus spp. Journal of Bacteriology, 173, 1779-1788.
• Murai, M., Miyashita, H., Araki, H., Seki, T., Oshima, Y.. 1987. Molecular structure of the replication origin of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens plasmid pFTB14. Molecular and General Genetics, 210, 92–100.
• Muth, G., Farr, M., Hartmann, V., Wohlleben, W., 1995. Streptomyces ghanaensis plasmid pSG5: nucleotide sequence analysis of the self-transmissible minimal replicon and characterization of the replication mode. Plasmid, 33, 113–126.
• Mourad, K., 2007. Plasmid DNA studies in Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from olive fermentations: production of and immunity to plantaricin OL15 is associated to a 9.6 Kb plasmid (pOL15). Grasas Y Aceites, 58(2), 136–141.
• Morelli, L., Vescovo, M., Cocconcelli, P. S., Bottazzi, V., 1986. Fast and slow milk-coagulating variants of Lactobacillus helveticus HLMI. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 32, 758-762.
• Morelli, L., Vescovo, M., Bottazzi, V., 1983a. Identification of chloramphenicol plasmids in Lactobacillus reuteri and L. acidophilus. Int, J. Microbiol., 1, 1-5.
• Morelli, L., Vescovo, M., Bottazzi, V., 1983b. Plasmids and antibiotic resistances in Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus isolated from natural whey culture. Microbiologica, 6, 145-154.
• Mortvedt, C. I., Nes, I. F., 1990. Plasmid-associated bacteriocin production by a Lactobacillus sake strain. Journal of General Microbiology, 136, 1601-1607.
• Nakamura, S., Miyamoto, T., Izumimoto, M., Kataoka, K., 1991. Isolation and characterization of citrate metabolism-deficient mutants in Lactobacillus plantarum IF0 3070. Animal Feed Science and Technology (Jpn), 62, 1142-1148.
• Nes, I. F., 1984. Plasmid profiles of ten strains of Lactobacillus plantarum. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 21, 359-361.
• Novick, R. P., 1989. Staphylococcal plasmids and their replication. Annual Review of Microbiology, 43, 537–565.
• Olukoya, D. K., Ebigwei, S. I., Debawo, O. O., Osiyemi. F. O., 1993. Plasmid profiles and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Lactobacillus isolated from fermented foods in Nigeria. Food Microbiology, 10, 279-285.
• O’Sullivan, M. G., Thornton, G., O’Sullivan, G. C., and Collins, J. K., 1992. Probiotic bacteria: myth or reality’? Trends in Food Science and Technology, 3, 309-314.
• Özalp, B., Aladağ, M. O., Ögel, Z., Özcan M. M., Çelik, B., 2009. Determination of Some Metalic Antimicrobial Activities ond Plasmid and DNA Prophiles of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Fermented Caper Pickle. World Applied Sciences Journal, 6, 3, 347-354.
• Perkins, J., Youngman, P., 1983. Streptococcal plasmid pAMa1 is a composite of two separable replicons, one of which is closely related to Bacillus plasmid pBC16. Journal of Bacteriology, 155, 607–615.
• Perdigon, G., Nader de Macias, M. E., Alverez, S., Oliver, G., Pesce de Ruiz-Holgado, A., 1986. Effect of perorally administrated lactobacilli on macrophage activation in mice. Infection and Immunity, 53, 404-410.
• Perkins, D. R., Barnum, S. R.,1992. DNA sequence and analysis of a cryptic 4.2-kb plasmid from the filamentous cyanobacterium, Plectonema sp. strain PCC 6402. Plasmid, 28, 170–176.
• Pillidge, C. J., Cambourn, W. M., Pearce, L. E., 1996. Nucleotide sequence and analysis of pWC1, a pC194-type rolling circle replicon in Lactococcus lactis. Plasmid, 35, 131–140.
• Posno, M., Heuvelmans, P. T. H. M., Van Giezen, M. I. F., Lokman, B. C., Leer, R. J., Pouwels, P. H., 1991. Complementation of the inability of Lactobacillus strains to utilize D-xylose with xylose catabolism-encoding genes of Lactobacillus pentosus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57, 2764-2766.
• Poupard, J. A., Husain, I., Norris, R. F., 1973. Biology of the Bifidobacteria. Bacteriological Review, 37, 2, 136-165.
• Pouwels P. H., Leer, R. J., 1993. Genetics of lactobacilli: plasmids and gene expression. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 64, 85-107.
• Pouwels, P. H., Luijk, N. V., Leer, R. J., Posno, M., 1994. Control of replication of the Lactobacillus pentosus plasmid p353-2: evidence for a mechanism involving transcriptional attenuation of the gene coding for the replication protein. Molecular and General Genetics, 242, 614–622.
• Powell, JE., Todorov, SD., van Reenen, CA., Dicks, LMT., Witthuhn, RC., 2006. Growth inhibition of Enterococcus mundtii in kefir by in situ production of bacteriocin ST8KF. Le Lait, 86: 401-405.
• Projan, S. J., Monod, M., Narayanan, C. S., Dubnau, D., 1987. Replication properties of pIM13, a naturally occurring plasmid found in B. subtilis and its close relative pE5, a plasmid native to S. aureus. Journal of Bacteriology,169, 5131–5139.
• Projan, S. J., Novick, R. P., 1988. Comparative analysis of five related staphylococcal plasmids. Plasmid, 19, 203–221
• Rinckel, L. A., Savage, D. C., 1990. Characterization of plasmids and plasmid-borne macrolide resistance from Lactobacillus sp. strain 100-33. Plasmid, 23, 119-125.
• Rossi, F., Capodaglio, A., Dellaglio, F., 2008. Genetic modification of Lactobacillus plantarum by heterologous gene integration in a not functional region of the chromosome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 80:79–86.
• Roussel, Y., Colmin, C., Simonet, J. M., Decaris, B., 1993. Strain characterization, genome size and plasmid content in the Lactobacillus acidophilus group (Hansen and Mocquot). Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 74, 549-556.
• Ruiz-Barba J. L., Piard, J. C., Jimenez-Diaz, R., 1991. Plasmid profiles and curing of plasmids in Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from gren olive fermentations. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 71, 417-421.
• Sağlam, H., 2013. Tanımlanmış Lactobacillus plantarum suşlarının plazmid profilleri ve bunların bazı özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Isparta.
• Sandine, W. E., 1979. Roles of Lactobacillus in the intestinal tract. Journal of Food Properties, 42, 259-262.
• Schillinger, U., Lucke, F. K., 1989. Antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus sake isolated from meat. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55, 1901-1906.
• Scheirlinck, T., Mahillon, J., Joos, H., Dhaese, P., Michiels, F., 1989. Integration and expression of α-amylase and endoglucanase genes in the Lactobacillus plantarum chromosome. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55, 2130-2137.
• Servin-Gonzalez, L., Sampieri, A., Cabello, J., Galvan, L., Juarez, V., Castro, C., 1995. Sequence and functional analysis of the Streptomyces phaeochromogenes plasmid pJV1 reveals a modular organization of Streptomyces plasmids that replicate by rolling circle. Microbiology, 141, 2499–2510.
• Sewaki T., Hirai T., Sasaki S., Miyamoto T., 2001. Plasmid DNA profiles in strains of Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc, Pedicoccus and Lactobacillus. Animal Science Journal, 72, 245-252.
• Skaugen, M., 1989. The complete nucleotide sequence of a small cryptic plasmid from Lactobacillus plantarum. Plasmid, 22, 175–179.
• Sgorbati, B., Scardovi, V., Leblanc, D. J., 1982. Plasmids in the genus Bifidobacterium. Journal of General Microbiology, 128, 2121-2131.
• Shay, B. J., Egan, A. F., Wright, M., Rogers, P. J., 1988. Cysteine metabolism in an isolate of Lactobacillus sake: plasmid composition and cysteine transport. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 56, 183-188.
• Shen, X., Yi, D., Ni, X., Zeng, D., Jing, B., Lei, M., Bian, Z., Zeng, Y., Li, T., Xin, J., 2014. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on production performance, immune characteristics, antioxidant status, and intestinal microflora of bursin-immunized broilers. Can. J. Microbiol., 60,193–202.
• Shishido, K., Noguchi, N., Kim, C., Ando, T., 1983. Isolation of a tetracycline resistance plasmid excised from a chromosomal DNA sequence in Bacillus subtilis. Plasmid, 10, 224–234.
• Sinha, R. P., 1991. Stability of plasmid in Lactobacillus plantarum caTC2R as affected by carbohydrate metabolism. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 1, 124.
• Sinha, R. P., 1992. Plasmid instability in Lactobacillus plantarum strain caTC2. Current Microbiology, 25, 219-223.
• Sioud, M., Baldacci, G., Forterre, P., de Recondo, A. M., 1988. Novobiocin induces accumulation of a single strand of plasmid pGRB-1 in the archaebacterium Halobacterium GRB. Nucleic Acids Research, 16, 7833–7842.
• Soeding, B., Kleinschmidt, J., Teuber, M., Neve, H., 1993. Assessment of abilities of conjugal transfer and stability of pAMP1 in dairy lactobacilli with emphasis on thermophilic and nonstarter lactobacilli. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 16, 296-302.
• Soomro, A. H., Masud, T., 2007. Protein Pattern and Plasmid Profile of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Dahi, A Traditional Fermented Milk Product of Pakistan. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 45, 447-453.
• Smiley, M. B., Fryder, V., 1978. Plasmids, lactic acid production, and N-actybglucosamine fermentation in Lactobacillus helveticus ssp. jugurti. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 35, 777-781.
• Smith, C. J., Rollins, L. A., Parker, A. C., 1995. Nucleotide sequence determination and genetic analysis of the Bacteroides plasmid, pB1143. Plasmid, 24, 211–222.
• Takao, T., Niimura, Y., Okada, S., Ohara, N., Uchimura, T., Kozaki, M., 1992. The pigment production of Lactobacillus plantarum L622 (studies on the red orange pigment producing lactic acid bacteria L622 isolated from fermented rice noodle “Khanom Jeen” of Thailand: Part 11). Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology, 39, 755-762.
• Tannock, G. W., Savage, D., 1987. Detection of plasmids in gastrointestinal strains of lactobacilli. University of Otago Medical School, 63, 29-30.
• Tannock, G. W., Luchansky, J. B., Miller, L., Connell, H., Thode-Andersen, S., Mercer, A. A., Klaenhammer, T. R., 1994. Molecular characterization of a plasmid-borne (pGT633) erythromycin resistance determinant (ermGT) from Lactobacillus reuteri 100-63. Plasmid, 31, 60-71.
• Tichaczek, P. S., Nissen-Meyer, J., Nes, 1. F., Vogel, R. F., Hammes, W. P., 1992. Characterization of the bacteriocins curvacin A from Lactobacillus curvatus LTH1174 and sakacin P from L. sake LTH673. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 15, 460-468.
• Tichaczek, P. S., Vogel, R. F., Hammes, W. P., 1993. Cloning and sequencing of curA encoding curvacin A, the bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus curvatus LTH 1174. Archives of Microbiology, 160, 279-283.
• Turgeon, N., Moineau, S., 2001. Isolation and characterization of Streptococcus thermophilus plasmid closely related to the pMV158 family. Plasmid, 45, 171-183.
• Tunail, N., 2009. Mikrobiyoloji. Pelin Ofset Tipo Matbaacılık, Ankara, Türkiye, 434s.
• Tuncer,Y., 2005. Laktokok suşları tarafından üretilen bakteriyosinlerin tanısı ve bu özelliğin genetik doğasının belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği ABD, Ankara.
• Tuncer,Y., 2000. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MPL56 suşunda faj-almaç bölgeyi maskeleyen plazmid kodlu materyalin tanısı. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği ABD, Ankara.
• Tükel, Ç., Akçelik, M., 2000. Lc. lactis subsp. lactis Suşlarında Laktoz Plazmidlerinin Tanımlanması. Turkish Journal of Biology, 24, 405-424.
• Xu, F., Pearce, L. E., Yu, P. L., 1991. Genetic analysis of a lactococcal plasmid replicon. Molecular and General Genetics, 117, 33–39.
• Xu, W., McFadden, B. A., 1997. Sequence analysis of plasmid pCC5.2 from cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 that replicates by a Rolling circle mechanism. Plasmid, 37, 95–104.
• van Kranenburg, R., Golic, N., Bongers, R., Leer, RJ., de Vos, WM., Siezen, RJ., Kleerebezem, M., 2005. Functional Analysis of Three Plasmids from Lactobacillus plantarum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71, 3, 1223-1230.
• van Reenen, CA., Dicks, LMT., Chikindas, ML., 1998. Isolation, purification and partial characterization of plantaricin 423, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum. J. Appl. Microbiol. 84, 1131–1137.
• Van der Vossen, J. M. B. M., van Herwijnen, M. H. M., Leer, R. J., ten Brink, B., Pouwels, P. H., Huis, J. H. J., 1994. Production of acidocin B, a bacteriocin of Lactobacillus acidophilus M46 is a plasmid-encoded trait: plasmid curing, genetic marking by in vivo plasmid integration, and gene transfer. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 116, 333-340.
• Vartholomatos, G., Typas, M. A., Drainas, C., 1993. An ultraviolet sensitive mutant of Zymomonas mobilis affecting the stability of its natural plasmid pZMO2. Plasmid, 29, 10-18.
• Vescovo, M., Bottazzi, V., Sarra, P. G., Dellaglio, F., 1981. Evidence of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in Lactobacillus. Microbiologica, 4, 413-419.
• Vescovo, M., Morelli, L., Bottazzi, V., 1982. Drug resistance plasmids in Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,43, 50-56.
• Vescovo, M., Scolari, G. L., Bottazzi, V., 1989. Plasmid-encoded ropiness production in Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei. Biotechnology Letters, 11, 709-712.
• Vogel, R. F., Lohmann, M., Weller, A. N., Hugas, M., Hammes, W. P., 1991. Structural similarity and distribution of small cryptic plasmids of Lactobacillus curvatus and L. sake. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 84 183-190.
• Von Husby, K. O., Nes, I. F., 1986. Changes in the plasmid profile of Lactobacillus plantarum obtained from commercial meat starter cultures. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 60, 413-417.
• Vujcic, M., Topisirovic, L., 1993. Molecular analysis of the rolling-circle plasmid pA1 of Lactobacillus plantarum A112. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59, 274–280.
• Yang, X., McFadden, B. A., 1993. A small plasmid, pCA2.4, from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 encodes a Rep protein and replicates bay a rolling-circle mechanism. Journal of Bacteriology, 175, 3981–3991.
• Yang, X., McFadden, B. A., 1994. The complete DNA sequence and replication analysis of the plasmid pCB2.4 from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Plasmid, 31, 131–137.
• Yasukawa, H., Hase, T., Sakai, A., Masamune, Y., 1991. Rolling-circle replication of the plasmid pKYM isolated from a gram-negative bacterium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 10282–10286.
• Yüksekdağ, Z. N., Beyatlı, Y., 2009. Bazı laktik asit bakterilerinin fizyolojik, biyokimyasal, plazmit DNA ve protein profil özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Gıda, 34, 2, 91-98.
• Xiao, Y., Wang, L., Rui, X., Li, W., Chen, W., Jiang, M., Dong, M., 2015. Enhancement of the antioksidant capacity of soy whey by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum B1-6. Journal of Functional Foods, 12, 33-44.
• Wang, T. T., Lee, B. H., 1997. Plasmids in Lactobacillus. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 17, 3, 227-272.
• Wang, L., Zhang, J., Guo, Z., Kwok, L., Ma, C., Zhang, W., Lv, Q., Huang, W., Zhang, H., 2014. Effect of oral consumption of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on fecal microbiota, SIgA SCFAs, and TBAs of adults of different ages. Nutrition, 30, 776–783.
• Wright, A. V., Morelli, L., Vogensen, F. K., 2004. Lactic Acid Bacteria, Microbiological and Functional Aspects. CRC Press. Third Edition.
• Zhang, N., Brooker, J. D., 1993. Characterization, sequence, and replication of a small cryptic plasmid from Selenomonas ruminantium subspecies lactilytica. Plasmid, 29, 125–134.
• Zhou, H., Hao, Y., Xie, Y., Yin, S., Zhai, Z., Han, B., 2010. Characterization of a rolling-circle replication plasmid pXY3 from Lactobacillus plantarum XY3. Plasmid, 64, 36–40.