Barış Teknolojileri: Barış İnşasında Yeni İmkanlar

Altuğ Öztürk

Barış Teknolojileri: Barış İnşasında Yeni İmkanlar

Öz

Bu çalışma, dijital teknolojilerin barış süreçlerine katkı potansiyelini PeaceTech kavramı çerçevesinde değerlendirmektedir. Büyük veri, yapay zeka, dijital arabuluculuk ve dezenformasyonla mücadele araçlarının barış inşası, çatışma önleme ve erken uyarı sistemleri bağlamındaki işlevleri analiz edilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemiyle yürütülen çalışmada, barış teknolojilerine ilişkin güncel literatür incelenerek analitik ve iletişimsel boyutlarıyla kullanım alanları sınıflandırılmıştır. Bulgular, bu teknolojilerin tarafsız analiz, gruplar arası diyalog ve bilgi güvenliği açısından önemli katkılar sunduğunu; ancak dijital eşitsizlik, yüksek maliyet ve etik belirsizliklerin kullanımını sınırladığını göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, barış teknolojilerinin etkinliğinin artması için etik standartlar ve uluslararası düzenlemelerle desteklenmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Barış Teknolojileri , Dijital İletişim , Çatışma Çözümü , Algoritmik Yönetişim , Dijital Katılımcılık

Kaynakça

Andrejevic, M. (2007). iSpy: Surveillance and Power in the Interactive Era. University Press of Kansas.
Arana-Catania, M., van Lier, F.-A. ve Procter, R. (2022). Supporting peace negotiations in the Yemen war through machine learning. Data & Policy, 4, e28. https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2022.19
Arroyave, J. ve Romero-Moreno, J. (2022). Peace, public opinion and disinformation in Colombia: Social media and its role in the 2016 plebiscite. içinde J. McDougall ve K. Fowler-Watt (Ed.), Palgrave Handbook of Media Misinformation içinde (ss. 63-77). Palgrave Macmillan.
Avrupa Komisyonu. (2019). Güvenilir yapay zeka için etik yönergeler [Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI]. Avrupa Birliği Yüksek Düzey Yapay Zekâ Uzman Grubu. https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai
Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konseyi. (2024). Yapay zekâ sistemlerine ilişkin uyumlaştırılmış kuralları belirleyen ve (AB) 2024/1689 sayılı düzenleme [Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence]. Avrupa Birliği Resmi Gazetesi. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689
Bailard, C. S. (2015). Ethnic conflict goes mobile: Mobile technology’s effect on the opportunities and motivations for violent collective action. Journal of Peace Research, 52(3), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343314556334
Bell, C. (2024). PeaceTech: Digital Transformation to End Wars (1. Baskı). Springer International Publishing Benkler, Y. (2006). The wealth of networks: How social production transforms markets and freedom. Yale University Press.
Carl, A. (2023). Understanding PeaceTech [Peace Analytics Series]. PeaceRep: The Peace and Conflict Resolution Evidence Platform, University of Edinburgh. https://peacerep.org/publication/understanding-peacetech
Castells, M. (2012). Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the internet age. Polity Press. Christodoulou, E., & Iordanou, K. (2021). Democracy under attack: Challenges of addressing ethical issues of AI and big data for more democratic digital media and societies. Frontiers içinde Political Science, 3, Article 682945. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.682945
da Rocha, J. P. (2019). The Changing Nature of International Mediation. Global Policy, 10, 101–107.

De Gregorio, G., & Stremlau, N. (2023). Digital constitutionalism and platform governance: Charting democratic responses to fake news and hate speech. In S. Coleman & L. Sorensen (Ed.), Handbook of digital politics (2nd ed., ss. [259-270]). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800377585.00027
Dorn, A. W. (2011). Keeping watch: Monitoring, technology and innovation in UN peace operations. United Nations University Press.
Fabra‐Mata, J., ve Mygind, J. (2019). Big data in evaluation: Experiences from using Twitter analysis to evaluate Norway's contribution to the peace process in Colombia. Evaluation, 25(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1356389018804259
Firchow, P., Martin-Shields, C., Omer, A. Vd. (2017). PeaceTech: The liminal spaces of digital technology in peacebuilding. International Studies Perspectives, 18(1), 4-42.
Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), 167–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336900600301
Gaskell, J. R., Larrauri, H. P., Rieken, J., Ali, A., Ritgerink, A., & Rigterink, A. (2016). Uses of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for EU conflict prevention and peacebuilding [Rapor]. http://www.woscap.eu/documents/131298403/131553554/ScopingþStudyþ-þICT.pdf/1a5ba12d-29ef-4561-a17a-5e0616453a00
Gaskell, J. (2019). Peacetech practices and their potentials for empowerment, participation and peace (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi) University of Southampton.
Gleditsch, K. S., Metternich, N. W., & Ruggeri, A. (2014). Data and progress in peace and conflict research. Journal of Peace Research, 51(2), 301–314.
González-Pizarro, F., Figueroa, A., López, C., & Aragon, C. (2022). Regional differences in information privacy concerns after the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 31(1), 33–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-021-09422-3
Heidebrecht, P. (2022, September 16). Peacetech commentary. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 41(3), 101–102. https://technologyandsociety.org/peacetech
Hirblinger, A. T., Brummer, V., & Kufus, F. (2023). Leveraging digital methods in the quest for peaceful futures: The interplay of sincere and subjunctive technology affordances in peace mediation. Information, Communication & Society, 27(11), 2039–2058.
Höne, K. (2019). Mediation and artificial intelligence: Notes on the future of international conflict resolution. DiploFoundation. https://www.diplomacy.edu/resource/mediation-and-artificial-intelligence/
Hu, M. (2020). Cambridge Analytica’s black box. Big Data & Society, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720938091
Kabbaj, S. (2023). A Call for Responsibility: Social Media and the Need to Monitor Hate Speech and Fake News for Global Peace. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Research, 2(3), 115-123. Kadende-Kaiser, R. M. (2003). The internet’s mediation potential in protracted conflicts: The case of Burundi. In R. Latham (Ed.), Bombs and bandwidth: The emerging relationship between information technology and security (pp. 268–278). The New Press.
Kahl, A., & Puig Larrauri, H. (2013). Technology for peacebuilding. Stability: International Journal of Security & Development, 2(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.cv
Kutoglu Kuruç, U., & Opiyo, B. (2018). New media and the pursuit of peace and justice: A comparative analysis of global uses, issues and implications. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference in Communication and Media Studies, Famagusta, North Cyprus.
Lanz, D., & Aleiba, A. (2018). The good, the bad and the ugly: Social media and peace mediation (Policy Brief No. 12). Swisspeace.
Lai, S. (2022, Haziran 15). Data misuse and disinformation: Technology and the 2022 elections. Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/data-misuse-and-disinformation-technology-and-the-2022-elections/
Lefebvre, R. (2016). Leveraging the voices of social media for peace and security. Sicherheit Und Frieden Security and Peace, 34(4), 231-235.
Letouzé, E., Meier, P. ve Vinck, P. (2013). Big data for conflict prevention: New oil and old fires. F. Mancini (Ed.), New Technology and the Prevention of Violence and Conflict içinde (ss. 4-27). International Peace Institute.
Mahmood, S. (2012). Online social networks: The overt and covert communication channels for terrorists and beyond. 2012 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST).
Mäki, N. (2020). Between peace and technology: A case study on opportunities and responsible design of artificial intelligence in peace technology [Master Tezi, University of Helsinki].
Mekki, R.ve Benlarbi, Y. (2024). Uses of artificial intelligence in fact-checking and detecting fake content Tech 4 Peace Platform Case Study. , الساورة للدراسات الانسانية والاجتماعية 10 ) 1 ,( 450 ‐ 469.
Miller, M. A., Kishi, R., Raleigh, C., & Dowd, C. (2022). An agenda for addressing bias in conflict data. Scientific Data, 9, 450. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01705-8
Morozov, E. (2011). The net delusion: The dark side of internet freedom. PublicAffairs.
Morozov, E. (2013). To save everything, click here: The folly of technological solutionism. PublicAffairs.
Nicolaïdis, K., & Giovanardi, M. (2022). Global Peacetech: Unlocking the better angels of our techne (Global Governance Programme Working Paper No. RSC 2022/xx). European University Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/74985
Nigam, A., Dambanemuya, H. K., Joshi, M., & Chawla, N. V. (2017). Harvesting social signals to inform peace processes implementation and monitoring. Big Data, 5(4), 337–355.
Pierskalla, J. H., & Hollenbach, F. M. (2013). Technology and collective action: The effect of cell phone coverage on political violence in Africa. American Political Science Review, 107(2), 207–224.
Puscas, I. (2023). Artificial intelligence and international security: Understanding risks and paving the path for confidence-building measures. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR).
Ragandang, P. III C. 2020. “Social Media and Youth Peacebuilding Agency: A Case from Muslim Mindanao.” Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 15 (3): 348-361.
Rehman, I. (2019). Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data harvesting: What you need to know. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 2497. University of Nebraska - Lincoln. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2497
Reuters. (2024, Kasım 4). Wrong claims by Musk on US election got 2 billion views on X, 2024 report says. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/wrong-claims-by-musk-us-election-got-2-billion-views-x-2024-report-says-2024-11-04/.
Richardson, L. F. (1948). Statistics of deadly quarrels. Boxwood Press.
Roberts, S. T. (2019). Behind the Screen. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Schirch, L. (2020). 25 spheres of digital peacebuilding and PeaceTech (Policy Brief No. 93). Toda Peace Institute. Sevin, E., & Eken, M. E. (2024). Yet another turn? Prioritising the needs of diplomacy over the capabilities of generative AI. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-024-00325-w
Shapiro, J. N. ve Weidmann, N. B. (2015). Is the phone mightier than the sword? Cellphones and insurgent violence in Iraq. International Organization, 69(2), 247–274.
Shirky, C. (2008). Here comes everybody: The power of organizing without organizations. Penguin Books.
Tufekci, Z. (2017). Twitter and tear gas: The power and fragility of networked protest. Yale University Press.
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. (2021, Ekim). Data responsibility guidelines. https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/world/data-responsibility-guidelines-october-2021
Udupa, S. (2021). Digital technology and extreme speech: Approaches to counter online hate. United Nations Peacekeeping.
Udupa, S., Hickok, E., Maronikolakis, A., Schuetze, H., Csuka, L., Wisiorek, A., & Nann, L. (2021). Artificial intelligence, extreme speech, and the challenges of online content moderation. AI4Dignity Project.
Wallensteen, P. (2012). The Uppsala Conflict Data Program, 1978–2010: The story, the rationale and the programme. In T. Davies & B. D. Gills (Eds.), Global politics in a changing world (pp. 131–145). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203808962-12
Wählisch, M. (2020). Big data, new technologies, and sustainable peace: Challenges and opportunities for the UN. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 15(1), 122 126.
Wright, Q. (1965). A study of war (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. (İlk baskı: 1942)
Welch, J. R., Halford, S., & Weal, M. (2015). Conceptualising the web for post-conflict governance building in fragile states [Çalışma Raporu]. University of Southampton. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/363004/
Ye, J., Luceri, L., & Ferrara, E. (2024). Auditing political exposure bias: Algorithmic amplification on Twitter/X approaching the 2024 U.S. presidential election. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.01852
Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. PublicAffairs.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer)

Bölüm

Derleme

Yazarlar

Altuğ Öztürk ^*
0009-0005-8004-4533
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

12 Mayıs 2025

Kabul Tarihi

26 Haziran 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA67WZ84HR

APA

Öztürk, A. (2025). Barış Teknolojileri: Barış İnşasında Yeni İmkanlar. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 59-90. https://izlik.org/JA67WZ84HR