SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) Varyantının Virolojik, Epidemiyolojik Özellikleri ve Korunma: Derleme

Öz

Şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs 2 (SARS-CoV-2) varyantı Omicron'un (B.1.1.529) ortaya çıkması, yüksek bulaşma hızı ve mutasyon sayısı nedeniyle dünya çapında ciddi bir endişe nedeni olmuştur. Kasım 2021'de Güney Afrika ve Botsvana'daki genomik incelemeler esnasında, Güney Afrika'nın Gauteng Eyaletinde enfeksiyonların hızla yeniden artmasıyla ilişkili yeni bir SARS-CoV-2 varyantı saptanmış, ilk genomun sekans yüklemeleri sonrasında Omicron, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından endişe oluşturan bir varyant olarak belirlenmiştir. Hemen akabinde üç hafta içinde 87 ülkede tanımlanmıştır. Omicron varyantı, spike glikoproteininde antikor nötralizasyonunu ve spike fonksiyonunu etkilediği tahmin edilen 30'dan fazla mutasyon taşıyan çok istisnai bir virüstür. Omicron son derece bulaşıcıdır ve önceki varyantlardan daha hızlı yayılır, ancak önceki varyantlardan daha az şiddetli semptomlara neden olabilir. Omicron varyantı bağışıklık sisteminden kaçabilir. COVID-19’a karşı geliştirilen aşı yanıtlarından da kaçabilir. Omicron varyantının baskılanması için aşılama da dahil olmak üzere hızlı ve dikkatli önleyici adımlar her zaman anahtar olacaktır. Bu derlemede, SARS-CoV-2'nin Omicron varyantının yüksek oranda mutasyona uğramış bölgelerini, temel bulaşıcılığı, aşı atılımını ve antikor direncini özetlenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SARS CoV-2
• Omicron
• varyant
• epidemi
• aşı
• korunma

Virological, Epidemiological Features and Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant: A Review

Öz

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant Omicron (B.1.1.529) has been a cause for serious concern worldwide due to its high rate of transmission and number of mutations. During genomic studies in South Africa and Botswana in November 2021, a new variant of SARS-CoV-2 was identified associated with a rapid resurgence of infections in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Omicron variant was identified as a type of concern by the World Health Organization after sequence uploads of the first genome. It was subsequently identified in 87 countries within three weeks. The Omicron variant is a very exceptional virus carrying more than 30 mutations in the spike glycoprotein that are predicted to affect antibody neutralization and spike function. Omicron is highly contagious and spreads faster than previous variants, but may cause less severe symptoms than previous variants. Omicron variant can evade the immune system. It can also evade the vaccine responses developed against COVID-19. Rapid and careful preventive steps, including vaccination, will always be a key for suppression of the Omicron variant. This review summarizes the highly mutated regions, core infectiousness, vaccine elimination, and antibody resistance of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SARS CoV-2
• Omicron
• variant
• epidemic
• vaccine
• prevention

Kaynakça

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