Fermente Ürünlerin İnsan Sağlığı ve Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

İnsan mikrobiyotası, binlerce simbiyotik mikroorganizmaları içeren bir ekosistemdir. Fermente ürünler, yaklaşık 10 bin yıldır insan beslenmesinin bir parçası olmuş ve günümüzde en yüksek çeşitliliğe ulaşmıştır. Her fermente ürün, özgün mikroorganizma popülasyonunu barındırır. Fermantasyonda, mikrobiyal biyoaktif peptitler ve diğer metabolitler üretilir. Fermente ürünler, bağırsak mikrobiyotasını destekleyen besinler sağlanması yanında, sağladıkları mikroorganizmalar bağırsakta geçici veya uzun süreli kolonize olabilir. Fermente ürün mikrobiyotası, besinleri metabolize ederek ürettikleri metabolitlerle (ekzopolisakkarit, kıza zincirli yağ asitleri, vitaminler, polifenoller, peptidler gibi) insan sağlığına faydalar sağlar. Fermente ürünler, faydalı mikroorganizmaları bağırsaklara güvenli bir şekilde taşıma aracı olarak işlev görebilir. Fermente ürünlerin mikrobiyotası, hammaddenin yapısal özelliklerini değiştirmenin yanı sıra gerek ürünlerde gerekse bağırsaklarda sağladığı besinlerle merkezi sinir sistemi ile iletişim sağlayarak, beyin işlevi ve davranışlarını olumlu yönde değiştirebilir. Fermente ürünler, nörokimyasal modülasyon ve serotonin dönüşümü ile bilişsel işlevi etkileyebilir. Lif oranı düşük, hayvansal yağ ve protein miktarı yüksek olan batı tarzı diyetle beslenme, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının bozulmasına ve enflamasyona neden olur. İnsan diyetinin bir parçası olarak tüketilecek fermente ürünler, terapötik faydalar sağlar. Fermente ürünlerin düzenli tüketimi bağırsak mikrobiyotasını hem kısa hem de uzun vadede etkileyebileceğinden, insan diyetinin önemli bir unsuru olarak görülmesi gerekir. Bu araştırmada fermente ürünlerin insan sağlığı ve mikrobiyota üzerine etkileri literatür bilgileri araştırılarak değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fermente ürün
• Mikrobiyota
• Beslenme
• Biyoaktif bileşik

EFFECTS OF FERMENTED PRODUCTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOTA

Öz

The human microbiota is an ecosystem that contains thousands of symbiotic microorganisms. Fermented products have been a part of the human diet for about 10 thousand years and have reached their highest diversity today. Each fermented product includes a unique microbial population. In this study, the effects of fermented products on human health and microbiota were evaluated by researching information from the literature. Different microbial products are generated by fermentation. In addition to providing nutrients supporting intestinal microbiota, fermented products can provide characteristic microorganisms for temporary or long-term colonization in the intestines. The microbiota of fermented products benefits human health with the metabolites they produce by metabolizing nutrients (such as exopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, polyphenols, and peptides). Fermented products can serve as a means of safely transporting beneficial microorganisms to the intestines. The microbiota of fermented products can positively change brain function and behavior by communicating with the central nervous system through nutrients provided by both the products and the intestines, as well as changing the structural properties of the raw material. Fermented products can affect cognitive function through neurochemical modulation and serotonin conversion. A Western-style diet, low in fiber and high in animal fat and protein, disrupts the intestinal microbiota and causes inflammation. Fermented products consumed in the human diet provide therapeutic benefits. Since regular consumption of fermented products can affect the intestinal microbiota in the short and long term, they should be considered an essential part of the human diet.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fermented Product
• Microbiota
• Nutrition
• Bioactive compound

Kaynakça

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