Tip 2 Diyabet Mellituslu Hastalarının Birinci Derece Akrabalarında İnsülin Direnci, Serum Adiponektin ve Adiponektin Gen Polimorfizmi

Yıl 2024, , 227 - 233, 20.08.2024

Yasemin Kiraç , Murat Yilmaz

https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1489519

Öz

Amaç: Tip 2 Diyabet Mellitus (T2DM) hastalarının birinci derece akrabalarında insülin direnci, serum adiponektin seviyeleri ve adiponektin gen polimorfizminin araştırılması.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: T2DM’li bireylerin birinci derece akrabalarından dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 142 kişi (34 erkek, 108 kadın) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Kontrol grubu 80 sağlıklı yetişkinden (15 erkek, 65 kadın) oluşturuldu. Tüm katılımcıların kan basıncı, bel ve kalça çevreleri ölçüldü. Açlık glukoz ve insülin seviyeleri, lipid profili, serum adiponektin düzeyi ve adiponektin gen poliformizmi çalışıldı ve 75 gram glukoz ile oral glukoz tolerans testi yapıldı. HOMA-IR yöntemiyle insülin direnci hesaplandı.
Bulgular: T2DM'li bireylerin birinci derece akrabalarında HOMA-IR değeri, Total-Kolesterol, LDL-Kolesterol ve trigliserid düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı yüksek, HDL-Kolesterol düzeyi anlamlı düşük bulundu. Glukoz tolerans bozukluğu çalışma grubunda daha yaygındı. Serum adiponektin düzeyleri çalışma grubunda anlamlı derecede daha düşüktü. Adiponektin gen polimorfizmi iki grup arasında benzerlik gösterdi.
Sonuç: T2DM'li hastaların birinci derece akrabalarında daha yüksek HOMA-IR ve daha düşük serum adiponektin seviyelerinin saptanması bu bireylerde metabolik fonksiyonlarda bozulma olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Ancak adiponektin gen polimorfizmi çalışma ve kontrol grupları arasında benzerlik göstermiştir. Adiponektin gen polimorfizminin diyabet gelişimi ve bozulmuş metabolik fonksiyonlar üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için, çevresel faktörler ve yaşam tarzı da dikkate alınarak, tek gen polimorfizmi ve multi allel incelemelerle desteklenen daha geniş çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsülin direnci, adiponektin, adiponektin gen polimorfizmi

Etik Beyan

This study obtained ethical approval from the Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee with decision number 2005/104 on June 24, 2005. The analysis of the obtained results was conducted using SPSS 11.0 statistical software.

Destekleyen Kurum

Destekleyen kurum ve kuruluş yoktur

Teşekkür

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare

INSULIN RESISTANCE, SERUM ADIPONECTIN AND ADIPONECTIN GENE POLYMORPHISM IN FIRST-DEGREE RELATIVES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Öz

Objective: Investigation of insulin resistance, serum adiponectin levels, and adiponectin gene polymorphism in first-degree relatives of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Material and Methods: A total of 142 individuals (34 males, 108 females) meeting the inclusion criteria for first-degree relatives of T2DM patients were included in the study. A control group consisting of 80 (15 males, 65 females) healthy adults was formed. Blood pressure, waist and hip circumferences were measured for all participants. Fasting glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile, serum adiponectin level, and adiponectin gene polymorphism were analyzed, and an oral glucose tolerance test with 75 grams of glucose was conducted. Insulin resistance was calculated using the HOMA-IR method.
Results: HOMA-IR value, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher, while HDL-cholesterol level was significantly lower in first-degree relatives of T2DM patients compared to the control group. Glucose tolerance impairment was more prevalent in the study group. Serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the study group. Adiponectin gene polymorphism showed a similarity between the two groups.
Conclusion: The higher HOMA-IR and lower serum adiponectin levels detected in first-degree relatives of T2DM patients suggest impairment in metabolic functions in these individuals. However, adiponectin gene polymorphism showed a similarity between the study and control groups. Further extensive studies supported by single gene polymorphism and multi-allele investigations, taking into account environmental factors and lifestyle, are needed to determine the effect of adiponectin gene polymorphism on diabetes development and impaired metabolic functions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Insulin resistance, adiponectin, adiponectin gene polymorphism

Etik Beyan

This study obtained ethical approval from the Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee with decision number 2005/104 on June 24, 2005. The analysis of the obtained results was conducted using SPSS 11.0 statistical software.

Destekleyen Kurum

No financial support was received from any institution or person.

Teşekkür

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare

Kaynakça

• DeFronzo RA, Bonadonna RC, Ferrannini E. Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A Balanced Overview. Diabetes Care. 1992;15(3):318-368.
• DeFronzo RA. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North Am. 2004;88(4):787-835.
• Pratley RE, Weyer C. The role of impaired early insulin secretion in the pathogenesis of Type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2001;44(8):929-945.
• Kitabchi AE, Temprosa M, Knowler WC, et al. Role of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the evolution of type 2 diabetes in the diabetes prevention program: effects of lifestyle intervention and metformin. Diabetes. 2005;54(8):2404-2414.
• Wang ZV, Scherer PE. Adiponectin, the past two decades. J Mol Cell Biol. 2016;8(2):93-100.
• Menzaghi C, Ercolino T, Di Paola R, et al. A haplotype at the adiponectin locus is associated with obesity and other features of the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes. 2002;51(7):2306-2312.
• Stumvoll M, Tschritter O, Fritsche A, et al. Association of the T-G polymorphism in adiponectin (exon 2) with obesity and insulin sensitivity: interaction with family history of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51(1):37-41.
• American Diabetes A. Screening for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26 Suppl 1:S21-24.
• Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412-419.
• Yang WS, Hsiung CA, Ho LT, et al. Genetic epistasis of adiponectin and PPARgamma2 genotypes in modulation of insulin sensitivity: a family-based association study. Diabetologia. 2003;46(7):977-983.
• Volk A, Renn W, Overkamp D, et al. Insulin action and secretion in healthy, glucose tolerant first degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Influence of body weight. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1999;107(2):140-147.
• Han XY, Ji LN, Zhou XH. Insulin sensitivity and beta function in the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2004;84(21):1777-1780.
• Yuan HP, Sun L, Li XH, et al. Association of adiponectin polymorphism with metabolic syndrome risk and adiponectin level with stroke risk: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:31945.
• Weyer C, Funahashi T, Tanaka S, et al. Hypoadiponectinemia in obesity and type 2 diabetes: close association with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(5):1930-1935.
• Okamoto Y, Arita Y, Nishida M, et al. An adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, adheres to injured vascular walls. Horm Metab Res. 2000;32(2):47-50.
• Osei K, Gaillard T, Schuster D. Plasma adiponectin levels in high risk African-Americans with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes. Obes Res. 2005;13(1):179-185.
• Lihn AS, Ostergard T, Nyholm B, et al. Adiponectin expression in adipose tissue is reduced in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003;284(2):E443-448.
• Palit SP, Patel R, Jadeja SD, et al. A genetic analysis identifies a haplotype at adiponectin locus: Association with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):2904.
• Gable DR, Hurel SJ, Humphries SE. Adiponectin and its gene variants as risk factors for insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis. 2006;188(2):231-244.
• Gonzalez-Sanchez JL, Zabena CA, Martinez-Larrad MT, et al. An SNP in the adiponectin gene is associated with decreased serum adiponectin levels and risk for impaired glucose tolerance. Obes Res. 2005;13(5):807-812.
• Vasseur F, Helbecque N, Dina C, et al. Single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes in the both proximal promoter and exon 3 of the APM1 gene modulate adipocyte-secreted adiponectin hormone levels and contribute to the genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in French Caucasians. Hum Mol Genet. 2002;11(21):2607-2614.
• Hara K, Boutin P, Mori Y, et al. Genetic variation in the gene encoding adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population. Diabetes. 2002;51(2):536-540.
• Hivert MF, Manning AK, McAteer JB, et al. Common variants in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) associated with plasma adiponectin levels, type 2 diabetes, and diabetes-related quantitative traits: the Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes. 2008;57(12):3353-3359.
• Gu HF, Abulaiti A, Ostenson CG, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the proximal promoter region of the adiponectin (APM1) gene are associated with type 2 diabetes in Swedish caucasians. Diabetes. 2004;53 Suppl 1:S31-35.
• Vasseur F, Helbecque N, Lobbens S, et al. Hypoadiponectinaemia and high risk of type 2 diabetes are associated with adiponectin-encoding (ACDC) gene promoter variants in morbid obesity: evidence for a role of ACDC in diabesity. Diabetologia. 2005;48(5):892-899.
• Han LY, Wu QH, Jiao ML, et al. Associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (+45T>G, +276G>T, -11377C>G, -11391G>A) of adiponectin gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2011;54(9):2303-2314.
• Sun P, Liu L, Chen J, et al. The polymorphism of rs266729 in adiponectin gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(47):e8745.