Araştırma Makalesi
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MARDİN İLİNDE AŞIYLA ÖNLENEBİLİR VİRAL HASTALIKLARIN SEROPREVALANSI: KIZAMIK, KIZAMIKÇIK, KABAKULAK VE SUÇİÇEĞİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 350 - 354, 25.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1735239

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Mardin ilinde kızamık, kızamıkçık, kabakulak ve suçiçeği hastalıklarına karşı toplumda bağışıklık düzeylerinin yaş ve cinsiyet gruplarına göre değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2024 yılında Mardin Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi polikliniklerine başvuran bireylerin, farklı nedenlerle istenmiş olan kızamık, kızamıkçık, kabakulak ve suçiçeği IgG test sonuçları retrospektif olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu testler ELISA yöntemiyle çalışılmıştır.
Bulgular: Toplam 4658 kişiye ait veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların %79’u kadın ve yaş ortalaması 27,03±14,47 idi. Seropozitiflik oranları kızamık için %72,7 (%95 GA %69,7- %75,7), kızamıkçık için %88,7 (%95 GA %87,3-%90,1), kabakulak için %69,5 (%95 GA %65,8-%73,2) ve suçiçeği için %87 (%95 GA %84,7-%89,3) olarak saptanmıştır. Kızamık ve kabakulak seropozitifliği 0–20 yaş grubunda anlamlı düzeyde düşüktür (sırasıyla %30,6 ve %50). Kızamıkçık seropozitifliği erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha yüksektir (p=0,006). Kızamık ve kabakulakta pozitifliğin yaşla arttığı gözlenmiştir (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Kızamık ve kabakulak bağışıklık oranları özellikle genç yaş grubunda hedeflenen toplum bağışıklığı seviyesinin çok altındadır. Kızamıkçık ve suçiçeği için de hedef bağışıklık oranlarına ulaşılamamıştır. Aşılama programlarının etkinliğini arttırmak, eksik bağışıklığı olan grupları belirlemek ve bölgeye özgü bağışıklama stratejileri geliştirmek için geniş çaplı seroprevalans çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır.

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırma için Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulundan onay alınarak yapılmıştır (Karar tarihi ve numarası: 22.04.2015, 2025/4-10).

Destekleyen Kurum

Çalışmada hiçbir kurum ya da kişiden finansal destek alınmamıştır.

Teşekkür

Çalışmaya olan destekleri için Doç. Dr. Ayşe Acar’a teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Di Pietrantonj C, Rivetti A, Marchione P, et al. Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;2021(11):CD004407.
  • Deal A, Crawshaw AF, Carter J, et al. Defining drivers of under-immunization and vaccine hesitancy in refugee and migrant populations. J Travel Med. 2023;30(5):taad048.
  • Yang X, Shi N, Liu C, et al. Relationship between vaccine hesitancy and vaccination behaviors: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Vaccine. 2024;42(2):99-110.
  • Dalton M, Sanderson B, Robinson LJ, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on routine childhood immunisations in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023;3(8):e0001301.
  • Measles and rubella monthly update - WHO European Region - September 2024. Accessed date: 19 August 2025. https://www.who.int/europe/publications/m/item/measles-and-rubella-monthly-update---who-european-region---september-2024
  • den Hartog G, van Binnendijk R, Buisman AM, et al. Immune surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2020;19(4):327-339.
  • Topuzoglu A, Ozaydin GAN, Cali S, et al. Assessment of sociodemographic factors and socio-economic status affecting the coverage of compulsory and private immunization services in Istanbul, Turkey. Public Health. 2005;119(10):862-869.
  • Odemis I, Kose S, Akbulut I, et al. Seroprevalence of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella zoster virus antibodies among healthcare students: analysis of vaccine efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2019;32(6):525-530.
  • Emre BA, Alp-Cavus S. Measles seroprevalence in healthcare professionals during the measles elimination program: a cross-sectional study. Klimik Derg. 2023;36(4):234-238.
  • Karabey M, Karabulut N, Alacam S, et al. Increase in measles cases in a city hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2024;32(2):125-131.
  • Bakir A, Kurkcu MF, Guney M, et al. Three-year prevalence of measles antibody seropositivity at a tertiary care hospital in Turkey. J Clin Med Kaz. 2021;18(1):23-27.
  • Grassi T, Bagordo F, Rota MC, et al. Seroprevalence of measles antibodies in the Italian general population in 2019-2020. Vaccine. 2024;42(22):126012.
  • Moss WJ, Shendale S, Lindstrand A, et al. Feasibility assessment of measles and rubella eradication. Vaccine. 2021;39(27):3544-3559.
  • Yuruyen C, Yildirim Tosun B, Aksaray S. Investigation of measles seroprevalence in young adults in our service area in Istanbul province. Turk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg. 2022;52(2):131-134.
  • Karhan AN, Cayir A, Kara SS. Evaluation of vaccine-preventable disease seroprevalence in children admitted to a regional training and research hospital. Kırıkkale Univ Med J. 2022;24(2):218-224.
  • Poethko-Müller C, Mankertz A. Seroprevalence of measles-, mumps- and rubella-specific IgG antibodies in German children and adolescents and predictors for seronegativity. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42867.
  • Cetinkaya RA, Yenilmez E. The seroprevalence of rubella in pregnant women in Turkey: a meta-analysis research of 90,988 rubella IgM, 84,398 rubella IgG, and 522 avidity results. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;16(1):63-71.
  • Crooke SN, Haralambieva IH, Grill DE, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Poland GA. Seroprevalence and durability of rubella virus antibodies in a highly immunized population. Vaccine. 2019;37(29):3876-3882.
  • Estofolete CF, Milhim BHG de A, França CCG de, et al. Prevalence of Measles Antibodies in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil: A serological survey model. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5179.
  • Pandolfi E, Gesualdo F, Rizzo C, et al. Global seroprevalence of rubella among pregnant and childbearing age women: a meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(3):530-537.
  • Hekimoglu CH, Ozbek OA, Emek M, et al. Seroprevalence and social determinants of varicella in Turkey. East Mediterr Health J. 2018;24(3):295-301.
  • Dilli D, Dallar Y, Onde U, et al. Measles, rubella, mumps and varicella seroprevalence in adolescents. Cocuk Derg. 2008;8(3):172-178.
  • Pang H, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Jiang Q. Seroprevalence and Determinants Associated with Mumps Antibodies after 20 Years of MMR Vaccination in Urban Area of Shanghai, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(10):2089.
  • Bechini A, Del Riccio M, Salvati C, et al. Seroprevalence Assessment of Anti-Varicella Antibodies among Adults in the Province of Florence (Italy). Vaccines (Basel). 2024;12(9):1056.
  • Kutty PK, Kruszon-Moran DM, Dayan GH, et al. Seroprevalence of antibody to mumps virus in the US population, 1999–2004. J Infect Dis. 2010;202(5):667-674.

Seroprevalence of Vaccine Preventable Viral Diseases in Mardin Province: Measles, Rubella, Mumps, and Varicella

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 350 - 354, 25.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1735239

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the level of immunity against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in the community of Mardin province by age and gender.
Material and Methods: IgG tests for measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella, performed on individuals visiting the outpatient clinics of Mardin Training and Research Hospital in 2024, were analyzed retrospectively. The tests were performed using the ELISA method.
Results: Data from a total of 4,658 individuals were evaluated. Of the participants 79% were female, and the average age was 27.03±14.47. Seropositivity rates were 72.7% (95% CI 69.7%-75.7%) for measles, 88.7% (95% CI 87.3%-90.1%) for rubella, 69.5% (95% CI 65.8%-73.2%) for mumps, and 87.0% (95% CI 84.7%-89.3%) for varicella. Measles and mumps seropositivity were significantly low in the 0–20 age group (30.6% and 50.0%, respectively). Rubella seropositivity was higher in males than in females (p=0.006). Positivity for measles and mumps increased with age (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The immunity rates for measles and mumps are well below the target level for community immunity, particularly among the younger age groups. Target immunity rates have also not been achieved for rubella and varicella. Large-scale seroprevalence studies are needed to improve the effectiveness of vaccination programmes, identify groups with insufficient immunity, and develop region-specific immunization strategies.

Kaynakça

  • Di Pietrantonj C, Rivetti A, Marchione P, et al. Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;2021(11):CD004407.
  • Deal A, Crawshaw AF, Carter J, et al. Defining drivers of under-immunization and vaccine hesitancy in refugee and migrant populations. J Travel Med. 2023;30(5):taad048.
  • Yang X, Shi N, Liu C, et al. Relationship between vaccine hesitancy and vaccination behaviors: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Vaccine. 2024;42(2):99-110.
  • Dalton M, Sanderson B, Robinson LJ, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on routine childhood immunisations in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023;3(8):e0001301.
  • Measles and rubella monthly update - WHO European Region - September 2024. Accessed date: 19 August 2025. https://www.who.int/europe/publications/m/item/measles-and-rubella-monthly-update---who-european-region---september-2024
  • den Hartog G, van Binnendijk R, Buisman AM, et al. Immune surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2020;19(4):327-339.
  • Topuzoglu A, Ozaydin GAN, Cali S, et al. Assessment of sociodemographic factors and socio-economic status affecting the coverage of compulsory and private immunization services in Istanbul, Turkey. Public Health. 2005;119(10):862-869.
  • Odemis I, Kose S, Akbulut I, et al. Seroprevalence of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella zoster virus antibodies among healthcare students: analysis of vaccine efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2019;32(6):525-530.
  • Emre BA, Alp-Cavus S. Measles seroprevalence in healthcare professionals during the measles elimination program: a cross-sectional study. Klimik Derg. 2023;36(4):234-238.
  • Karabey M, Karabulut N, Alacam S, et al. Increase in measles cases in a city hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2024;32(2):125-131.
  • Bakir A, Kurkcu MF, Guney M, et al. Three-year prevalence of measles antibody seropositivity at a tertiary care hospital in Turkey. J Clin Med Kaz. 2021;18(1):23-27.
  • Grassi T, Bagordo F, Rota MC, et al. Seroprevalence of measles antibodies in the Italian general population in 2019-2020. Vaccine. 2024;42(22):126012.
  • Moss WJ, Shendale S, Lindstrand A, et al. Feasibility assessment of measles and rubella eradication. Vaccine. 2021;39(27):3544-3559.
  • Yuruyen C, Yildirim Tosun B, Aksaray S. Investigation of measles seroprevalence in young adults in our service area in Istanbul province. Turk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg. 2022;52(2):131-134.
  • Karhan AN, Cayir A, Kara SS. Evaluation of vaccine-preventable disease seroprevalence in children admitted to a regional training and research hospital. Kırıkkale Univ Med J. 2022;24(2):218-224.
  • Poethko-Müller C, Mankertz A. Seroprevalence of measles-, mumps- and rubella-specific IgG antibodies in German children and adolescents and predictors for seronegativity. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42867.
  • Cetinkaya RA, Yenilmez E. The seroprevalence of rubella in pregnant women in Turkey: a meta-analysis research of 90,988 rubella IgM, 84,398 rubella IgG, and 522 avidity results. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;16(1):63-71.
  • Crooke SN, Haralambieva IH, Grill DE, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Poland GA. Seroprevalence and durability of rubella virus antibodies in a highly immunized population. Vaccine. 2019;37(29):3876-3882.
  • Estofolete CF, Milhim BHG de A, França CCG de, et al. Prevalence of Measles Antibodies in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil: A serological survey model. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5179.
  • Pandolfi E, Gesualdo F, Rizzo C, et al. Global seroprevalence of rubella among pregnant and childbearing age women: a meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(3):530-537.
  • Hekimoglu CH, Ozbek OA, Emek M, et al. Seroprevalence and social determinants of varicella in Turkey. East Mediterr Health J. 2018;24(3):295-301.
  • Dilli D, Dallar Y, Onde U, et al. Measles, rubella, mumps and varicella seroprevalence in adolescents. Cocuk Derg. 2008;8(3):172-178.
  • Pang H, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Jiang Q. Seroprevalence and Determinants Associated with Mumps Antibodies after 20 Years of MMR Vaccination in Urban Area of Shanghai, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(10):2089.
  • Bechini A, Del Riccio M, Salvati C, et al. Seroprevalence Assessment of Anti-Varicella Antibodies among Adults in the Province of Florence (Italy). Vaccines (Basel). 2024;12(9):1056.
  • Kutty PK, Kruszon-Moran DM, Dayan GH, et al. Seroprevalence of antibody to mumps virus in the US population, 1999–2004. J Infect Dis. 2010;202(5):667-674.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Muhammet Salih Tarhan 0000-0001-7198-4324

Davut İpek 0000-0002-8369-4268

Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 26 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Tarhan, M. S., & İpek, D. (2025). MARDİN İLİNDE AŞIYLA ÖNLENEBİLİR VİRAL HASTALIKLARIN SEROPREVALANSI: KIZAMIK, KIZAMIKÇIK, KABAKULAK VE SUÇİÇEĞİ. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, 27(3), 350-354. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1735239
AMA Tarhan MS, İpek D. MARDİN İLİNDE AŞIYLA ÖNLENEBİLİR VİRAL HASTALIKLARIN SEROPREVALANSI: KIZAMIK, KIZAMIKÇIK, KABAKULAK VE SUÇİÇEĞİ. Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg. Aralık 2025;27(3):350-354. doi:10.24938/kutfd.1735239
Chicago Tarhan, Muhammet Salih, ve Davut İpek. “MARDİN İLİNDE AŞIYLA ÖNLENEBİLİR VİRAL HASTALIKLARIN SEROPREVALANSI: KIZAMIK, KIZAMIKÇIK, KABAKULAK VE SUÇİÇEĞİ”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 27, sy. 3 (Aralık 2025): 350-54. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1735239.
EndNote Tarhan MS, İpek D (01 Aralık 2025) MARDİN İLİNDE AŞIYLA ÖNLENEBİLİR VİRAL HASTALIKLARIN SEROPREVALANSI: KIZAMIK, KIZAMIKÇIK, KABAKULAK VE SUÇİÇEĞİ. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 27 3 350–354.
IEEE M. S. Tarhan ve D. İpek, “MARDİN İLİNDE AŞIYLA ÖNLENEBİLİR VİRAL HASTALIKLARIN SEROPREVALANSI: KIZAMIK, KIZAMIKÇIK, KABAKULAK VE SUÇİÇEĞİ”, Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg, c. 27, sy. 3, ss. 350–354, 2025, doi: 10.24938/kutfd.1735239.
ISNAD Tarhan, Muhammet Salih - İpek, Davut. “MARDİN İLİNDE AŞIYLA ÖNLENEBİLİR VİRAL HASTALIKLARIN SEROPREVALANSI: KIZAMIK, KIZAMIKÇIK, KABAKULAK VE SUÇİÇEĞİ”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 27/3 (Aralık2025), 350-354. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1735239.
JAMA Tarhan MS, İpek D. MARDİN İLİNDE AŞIYLA ÖNLENEBİLİR VİRAL HASTALIKLARIN SEROPREVALANSI: KIZAMIK, KIZAMIKÇIK, KABAKULAK VE SUÇİÇEĞİ. Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg. 2025;27:350–354.
MLA Tarhan, Muhammet Salih ve Davut İpek. “MARDİN İLİNDE AŞIYLA ÖNLENEBİLİR VİRAL HASTALIKLARIN SEROPREVALANSI: KIZAMIK, KIZAMIKÇIK, KABAKULAK VE SUÇİÇEĞİ”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, c. 27, sy. 3, 2025, ss. 350-4, doi:10.24938/kutfd.1735239.
Vancouver Tarhan MS, İpek D. MARDİN İLİNDE AŞIYLA ÖNLENEBİLİR VİRAL HASTALIKLARIN SEROPREVALANSI: KIZAMIK, KIZAMIKÇIK, KABAKULAK VE SUÇİÇEĞİ. Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg. 2025;27(3):350-4.

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