MARDİN İLİNDE AŞIYLA ÖNLENEBİLİR VİRAL HASTALIKLARIN SEROPREVALANSI: KIZAMIK, KIZAMIKÇIK, KABAKULAK VE SUÇİÇEĞİ

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Mardin ilinde kızamık, kızamıkçık, kabakulak ve suçiçeği hastalıklarına karşı toplumda bağışıklık düzeylerinin yaş ve cinsiyet gruplarına göre değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2024 yılında Mardin Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi polikliniklerine başvuran bireylerin, farklı nedenlerle istenmiş olan kızamık, kızamıkçık, kabakulak ve suçiçeği IgG test sonuçları retrospektif olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu testler ELISA yöntemiyle çalışılmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam 4658 kişiye ait veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların %79’u kadın ve yaş ortalaması 27,03±14,47 idi. Seropozitiflik oranları kızamık için %72,7 (%95 GA %69,7- %75,7), kızamıkçık için %88,7 (%95 GA %87,3-%90,1), kabakulak için %69,5 (%95 GA %65,8-%73,2) ve suçiçeği için %87 (%95 GA %84,7-%89,3) olarak saptanmıştır. Kızamık ve kabakulak seropozitifliği 0–20 yaş grubunda anlamlı düzeyde düşüktür (sırasıyla %30,6 ve %50). Kızamıkçık seropozitifliği erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha yüksektir (p=0,006). Kızamık ve kabakulakta pozitifliğin yaşla arttığı gözlenmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç: Kızamık ve kabakulak bağışıklık oranları özellikle genç yaş grubunda hedeflenen toplum bağışıklığı seviyesinin çok altındadır. Kızamıkçık ve suçiçeği için de hedef bağışıklık oranlarına ulaşılamamıştır. Aşılama programlarının etkinliğini arttırmak, eksik bağışıklığı olan grupları belirlemek ve bölgeye özgü bağışıklama stratejileri geliştirmek için geniş çaplı seroprevalans çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kabakulak
• kızamık
• kızamıkçık
• seroprevalans
• suçiçeği

Seroprevalence of Vaccine Preventable Viral Diseases in Mardin Province: Measles, Rubella, Mumps, and Varicella

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the level of immunity against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in the community of Mardin province by age and gender. Material and Methods: IgG tests for measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella, performed on individuals visiting the outpatient clinics of Mardin Training and Research Hospital in 2024, were analyzed retrospectively. The tests were performed using the ELISA method. Results: Data from a total of 4,658 individuals were evaluated. Of the participants 79% were female, and the average age was 27.03±14.47. Seropositivity rates were 72.7% (95% CI 69.7%-75.7%) for measles, 88.7% (95% CI 87.3%-90.1%) for rubella, 69.5% (95% CI 65.8%-73.2%) for mumps, and 87.0% (95% CI 84.7%-89.3%) for varicella. Measles and mumps seropositivity were significantly low in the 0–20 age group (30.6% and 50.0%, respectively). Rubella seropositivity was higher in males than in females (p=0.006). Positivity for measles and mumps increased with age (p<0.05). Conclusion: The immunity rates for measles and mumps are well below the target level for community immunity, particularly among the younger age groups. Target immunity rates have also not been achieved for rubella and varicella. Large-scale seroprevalence studies are needed to improve the effectiveness of vaccination programmes, identify groups with insufficient immunity, and develop region-specific immunization strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mumps
• measles
• rubella
• seroprevalence
• varicella

Kaynakça

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