The Effects of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight on Early Childhood Caries in Children

Öz

Objective: Early childhood caries is an important public health problem that is common in preschool children and affects the growth and development of the children. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of low birth weight and preterm birth on dental caries by evaluating oral-dental health in children between the ages of 28-71 months.

Material and Methods: Four hundred and twenty patients who were admitted to the Department of Pedodontics, aged between 28-71 months, were included in our study. Intraoral examinations of the patients were performed and the decay (d), missing (m) for caries and filled (f) teeth (t) were evaluated. The relationship of these values with age, gender, birth weight, birth week, frequency of tooth brushing, parental education levels were examined. The obtained data were analyzed statistically.

Results: A total of 420 patients (195 females, 225 males) with a mean age of 54.41±10.46 months were included in our study group. The mean dmft value was 8.02±4.20. There was no statistically significant relationship between preterm and low birth weight children and normal birth weight children in terms of mean d, dmft and dmfs values (p>0.05). It was determined that mean d value decreased, m and f values increased with increasing age, and statistically significant relationship was found between age and mean f value (p=0.004).

Conclusion: In our study, although preterm birth and low birth weight did not have effects on early childhood caries, it is thought that studies that will be performed by grouping birth week and birth weight in large study groups could give more clear results. In order to take control of early childhood caries, it is necessary to focus on educational and protective services starting from the pregnancy period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• birth weight
• early childhood caries
• premature birth

ÇOCUKLARDA ERKEN DOĞUM VE DÜŞÜK DOĞUM AĞIRLIĞININ ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Öz

Amaç: Erken çocukluk çağı çürükleri, okul öncesi çocuklarda yaygın olarak görülen, çocukların büyüme ve gelişimini etkileyen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu çalışmada, 28-71 ay aralığında erken çocukluk çağı çürüklerine sahip çocuklarda ağız-diş sağlığının değerlendirilerek, düşük doğum ağırlığı ve erken doğumun diş çürükleri üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza, Pedodonti Anabilim Dalına başvuran yaşları 28-71 ay arasında değişen erken çocukluk çağı çürüklerine sahip 420 hasta dâhil edilmiştir. Hastaların ağız içi muayeneleri yapılarak, çürük (d), çürük nedeniyle çekilmiş (m), dolgulu (f) dişler (t) değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Bu değerlerin; yaş, cinsiyet, doğum ağırlığı, doğum haftası, diş fırçalama sıklıkları, ebeveyn eğitim seviyeleri ile olan ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Yaşları ortalaması 54.41±10.46 ay olan 195’i kız ve 225’i erkek toplam 420 hasta çalışma grubumuzu oluşturmuştur. Ortalama dmft değeri 8.02±4.20 olarak belirlenmiştir. Erken doğan ve düşük doğum ağırlıklı çocuklar ile zamanında doğan normal doğum ağırlıklı çocuklar arasında ortalama d, dmft, dmfs değerleri bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Yaşın artmasıyla birlikte ortalama d değerinin azaldığı, m, f değerlerinin arttığı belirlenirken, yaş ile ortalama f değeri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (p=0.004).

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, erken doğum ve düşük doğum ağırlığının erken çocukluk çağı çürükleri üzerine etkileri olmadığı görülmesine karşın, geniş örneklem büyüklüğünde doğum haftası ve doğum ağırlığının gruplandırılarak yapılacak olan çalışmaların daha net sonuçlar verebileceği düşünülmektedir. Erken çocukluk çağı çürüklerinin kontrol altına alınabilmesi için hamilelik döneminden başlayarak eğitici ve koruyucu hizmetlere ağırlık verilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• doğum ağırlığı
• erken çocukluk çağı çürükleri
• preterm doğum

Kaynakça

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