Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Evcil Hayvanlara Maruz Kalma ile Çocuklarda Astım/Alerjik Hastalıklar Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 349 - 356, 24.12.2024

Azize Pınar Metbulut , Muge Toyran , Emine Dibek Mısırlıoğlu , Ersoy Civelek

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, intrauterin dönemden 9 yaşına kadar evcil hayvan maruziyetinin astım ve alerjik hastalıkların tanısı ile ilişkisini ortaya koymak ve kedi, köpek ve kuş maruziyetinin hastalar üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, 1 Haziran 2020 ile 31 Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında 1 ay ile 18 yaş arasındaki hastalara sosyal medya üzerinden anket uygulanarak kesitsel, prospektif bir olarak yürütülmüştür. Hastalara sosyal medya üzerinden ulaşılmıştır. Bilgilendirilmiş onam alındıktan sonra araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan evcil hayvan sahipliğine ilişkin anket sorgulanmıştır. Astım ve AR dışındaki kronik hastalıkları olanlar (epilepsi, konjenital kalp hastalığı, nöromüsküler hastalıklar, süpüratif akciğer hastalıkları vb.) çalışmadan hariç tutulmuştur. Uluslararası Çocukluk Çağı Astım ve Alerji Çalışması (ISAAC) anketi uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular Çalışmaya toplam 234 hasta dahil edildi; bunların %27.40'ı (n=64) hekim tarafındanastım veya astımlı bronşit veya alerjik bronşit olarak teşhis edildi. Ayrıca %34.20'si (n=80) grip veya saman nezlesi veya alerjik riniti tanılarını aldı. Yaşamlarının herhangi bir noktasında evlerinde en az bir evcil hayvanı olan çocukların oranı %79.90'dı (n=187). Evcil hayvanı ve kedisi olan hastalarda astım tanısı daha fazla görüldü. Köpek ve kuş besleyen hastalarda ise astım tanısı daha az görüldü. Kuş sahibi olan hastalarda da AR tanısı daha az olma eğilimindeydi. Köpek ve kuş besleyen hastaların ebeveynlerinin sigara içmesi durumunda astım ve AR tanısı alma riskinin daha fazla olduğu görüldü. Kedi sahibi olan hastaların ebeveynlerinde alerjik hastalık varsa AR tanısı alma riskinin daha yüksek olduğu görüldü.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonucunda, farklı hayvan gruplarının farklı yaşam dönemlerinde maruziyetlerine bağlı olarak astım ve alerjik rinit geliştirme riskinin değiştiği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocuk, astım, alerjik rinit, evcil hayvan

EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PET EXPOSURE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD AND ASTHMA/ALLERGIC DISEASES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Öz

Objective: The study aims to elucidate the relationship between pet exposure from the intrauterine period until the age of 9, and the diagnosis of asthma and allergic diseases, and to evaluate the effect of cat, dog, and bird exposure on patients.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted in a cross-sectional, prospective design by administering a survey via social media between 1 June 2020 and 31 August 2020, in patients between 1 month and 18 years old. Patients were reached through social media. After obtaining informed consent, a survey about pet ownership prepared by the researcher was questioned. Those with chronic diseases other than asthma and allergic rhinitis (epilepsy, congenital heart disease, neuromuscular diseases, suppurative lung diseases, etc.) were excluded from the study. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was performed.
Results: A total of 234 children were included with 27.40% (n=64) of children diagnosed with asthma or asthmatic bronchitis or allergic bronchitis. Further 34.20% (n=80) of children diagnosed as flu or hay fever or allergic rhinitis (AR) . Children having at least one pet in their home at any point of their life were 79.90% (n=187) of children. Patients having pets, and cats tended to have more asthma diagnosis. Patients having dog and birds tended to have fewer asthma diagnosis. Patient having birds also tended to have fewer AR diagnosis. Patients having dog, and birds, were observed to have a more increased risk for asthma, and AR diagnosis, if their parents were smoking. Patients having cats were observed to have a more increased risk for AR diagnosis, if their parents have allergic diseases.
Conclusion: As a result of our study, the risk of developing asthma and AR varies depending on the exposure of different animal groups at different stages of life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Child, asthma, allergic rhinitis, pet

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