Morphology and Volume Measurement of Bursa Fabricius by Stereology in Merlin (Falco Columbarius)

Öz

Bursa fabricius (Bursa cloacalis or Bursa fabricii) is a lymphoepithelial organ of poultry and serves as the primary lymphoid organ. In addition to the development and differentiation of Bursa Fabricius B lymphocytes, immunoglobulin is also responsible for isotype change. Bursa fabricius is also seen as a secondary lymphoid organ due to the presence of a small T-lymphocyte cluster in the channel opening to cloaca, but early development of the organ is delayed. In this study, morphological and stereological examinations were performed on bursa fabricius obtained from 5 adult Merlin (Falco columbarius). Our morphological studies have shown that the bursa fabricius of merlin is located on the cloaca and that it is opened to proctodeum through a canal.  We saw that it was oval shaped and had plums made by the mucosa layer in the lumen. The size of these structures was found to be 15,62 ± 1,41 mm, 10.14 ± 0,66 mm in the widest area and  0.98 ± 0,07 mm in the shortest area. The volume we calculated by the stereological methods was 0.190 ± 0,008 cm³. The morphological structure of bursa fabricius in merlin was determined and the volume was calculated by stereological method and it was thought that it might be the source of future studies in the species differentiation in poultry.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bursa fabricius,Falco columbarius,merlin,morphology,stereology

Boz Doğanda (Falco Columbarius) Bursa Fabricius’un Morfolojisi ve Stereolojik Metod ile Hacminin Hesaplanması

Öz

Bursa fabricius (Bursa cloacalis veya Bursa fabricii) kanatlıların lenfoepitelial bir organı olup kanatlıların primer lenfoid organı organı olarak görev yapmaktadır. B lenfositlerinin gelişim ve farklılaşmasının yanında immunoglobulin izotip değişminden de sorumludur. Bursa fabricius cloaca’ya açılan kanalında küçük bir T lenfosit kümesi bulunduğundan dolayı aynı zamanda sekonder lenfoid organ olarak da görülmektedir ancak erken dönemde organın gelişimi gerilemektedir. Bu çalışmada 5 adet ergin bozdoğandan (Falco columbarius) elde edilen bursa fabricius’lar üzerinde morfolojik ve stereolojik incelemeler yapıldı. Morfolojik incelemeler sonucunda bozdoğan’larda bursa fabricius’un cloaca üzerinde bulunduğu, bir kanal vasıtasıyla proctodeum’a açıldığı, şeklinin oval olduğu ve lümeninde mukoza katmanı tarafından yapılmış plikalar bulunduğu gözlemlendi. Bu yapıların boyu 15,62 ± 1,41 mm, eni en uzun bölgede 10.14 ± 0,66 mm en kısa bölgede ise 0.98 ± 0,07 mm olarak saptandı.  Stereolojik yöntemle yapılan hesaplamalarda hacmi 0.190 ± 0,008 cm³ olarak tespit edildi. Bozdoğanda bursa fabricius’un morfolojik yapısı ortaya konarak stereolojik metotla hacmi hesaplanmış olup, kanatlılarda tür ayrımında ileride yapılacak çalışmalara kaynak olabileceği düşünüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bozdoğan,falco columbarius,bursa fabricius,morfoloji,stereoloji

Kaynakça

1. Aktaş A, Esener OBB, Yiğit F, Bozkurt HH, Gündoğan Gİ, Akyazı İ, Eraslan E, Ulkay MB. Effects of Different Doses of Boric Acid Injected into Chicken Egg on Bursa of Fabricius and Spleen: A Histological and Stereological Study. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2017; 23(2): 185-193.
2. Anonim Michigan Natural Features Inventory. PO.Box 30444-Lansing, MI 48909-7944. Erişim Tarihi 01.04.2017.
3. Aughey E, Fyre FL. Comparative Veterinary Histology with Clinical Correlates. London, Iowa State University Press, 2001, 258.
4. Bockman DE, Cooper MD. Pinocytosis by epithelium associated with lymphoid follicles in the bursa of Fabricius, appendix and Peyer's patches. An electron microscopic study. The American Journal of Anatomy, 1973; 136: 455-478.
5. Bockman DE, Boydston WR, Beezhold DH. The role of epithelial cells in gut-associated immune reactivity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1983; 409; 129–144
6. Ciriaco E, Pinera PP, Diaz-Esnal B, Laura R. Age-related changes in the avian primary lymphoid organs (thymus and bursa of Fabricius). Micros Res Techn, 2003; 62; 251-253.
7. Davenport WD, Allen ER. Dome epithelium and folicle-associated basal lamina pores in the avian bursa of Fabricius. The Anatomical Record, 1995; 241; 155-162.
8. Glick B. The Avian Immune System, Avian Diseases, 1979; 23(2): 282-289.

9. Glick B. Historical perspective: The bursa of Fabricius and its influence on B-cell development, past and present. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 1991; 30; 3-12.
10. Glick B, Olah I. A bursal secretory dendritic cell and its contributions to the microenvironment of the developing bursal follicle. Research in Immunology, 1993; 144: 446–447.
11. Gooders J. Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe, London, UK. 1995.
12. Gülmez N. Aslan Ş. Histological and histometrical investigations on bursa of fabricius and thymus of native geese. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 1999; 23: 163-171.
13. Hassa O. Tavukların Sindirim Sistemi Üzerinde Histolojik Incelemeler. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayınları, 1961; 132.
14. Hodges RD. The Histology of the Fowl. Academic Press. London, 1974; 205-221.
15. Karadağ-Sarı E, Kurtdede N. Light and electron microscopic studies of the bursa of Fabricius in turkeys. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 2007; 13; 177-184.
16. King AS, McLelland J. Birds Their Structure and Function. Second Ed. Bailliere Tindall. England.1984.
17. Lupetti M, Dolfi A, Giannessi F, Michelucci S. Ultrastructural aspects of the lymphoid follicle-associated cells of the cloacal bursa after treatment with silica or carrageenan. Journal of Anatomy, 1983; 136: 851-862.
18. Nagy N, Nagyar A, Tath M, Olah I. Quail as the chimeric counterpart of the chicken: Morphology and ontogeny of the bursa of Fabricius. Journal of Morphology, 2004; 259: 328-339.
19. Nagy N, Magyar A, David C, Gumati MK, Olah I. Development of the follicle-associated epithelium and the secretory dendritic cell in the bursa of Fabricius of the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) studied by novel monoclonal antibodies. The Anatomical Record, 2001; 262: 279–292.
20. Nagy N, Olah I. Experimental evidence for the ectodermal origin of the epithelial anlage of the chicken bursa of Fabricius. Development, 2010; 137: 3019–3023.
21. Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferk E. Anatomy of the Domestic Birds. Verlag Paul Parey. Berlin, Hamburg. 1977.
22. Olah I, Glick B, Törö I. Bursal development in normal and testosterone-treated chick embryos. Poultry Science, 1985; 65; 574–588.
23. Olah I, Glick B. Dendritic cells in the bursal follicles and germinal centers of the chicken’s caecal tonsil express vimentin but not desmin. The Anatomical Record, 1995; 243: 384–389.
24. Onyeanusi BI, Ezeokoli CD, Onyeanusi JC, Ema AN. The anatomy of the cloacal bursa (bursa of fabricius) in the helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris galeata). Anatomy Histology Embryology, 1993; 22: 212-221.
25. Pike KA, Baig E, Ratcliffe MJH. The avian B-cell receptor complex:distinct roles of Iga and Igb in B-cell development. Immunological Reviews, 2004; 197: 10–25.
26. Ratchliffe MJH. B cell development in gut associated lymphoid tissues. Vet Immunol, 2002; 87: 337–340.
27. Romano N, Baldassini MR, Abelli L, Aita M, Mastrolia L. Ultrastructural study on the plical epithelium of the bursa of Fabricius in chick embryos: influence of partial decerebration and hypophyseal allografts. Journal of Anatomy, 1996; 188: 29–41.
28. Sanchez-Refusta F, Ciriaco E, Germana A, Germana G, Vega JA. Age-related changes in the medulary reticular epithelial cells the pigeon bursa of Fabricius. The Anatomical Record, 1996; 246: 473-480.
29. Sayegh CE, Demaries SL, Pike KA, Friedman JE, Ratcliffe MJH. The chicken B-cell receptor complex and its role in avian B-cell development. Immunological Reviews, 2000; 75: 187–200.
30. Schat KA, Myers TJ. Avian intestinal immunity. Crit Rev Poult Biol, 1991; 3: 19-34.
31. Tanyolaç A. Özel Histoloji. Yorum Basın Yayın Sanayi Ltd. Sti. Ankara. 1993.