The Comparison of Clinical Examination, Endometrial Cytology, Biopsy and Microbiology Examinaiton Results in the Diagnosis of Endometritis in Cows

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 19 - 24, 01.03.2010

Gökhan Doğruer Mehmet Güler

Öz

In this research the accuracy of endometrial cytology in the diagnosis of endometritis in cattle was investigated by the comparison of the techniques routinely used. For this purpose, 13 cattle having acute endometritis, 17 having chronic endometritis and 10 healthy holstein cow was used. The cows in this research recieved clinical, micobiological, histopathological and cytological examinations. Eight of 13 cattle in acute endometritis group had no abnormal vaginal discharge but abnormal vaginal discharge was observed on 5 of the acute endometritis cases. No abnormal vaginal discharge was determined in both healthy and chronic endometritis group. There was no difference on the rectal palpation results of all the three groups. A.pyogenes, E. coli, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., K. Pneumonia and yeast were isolated in 10 of the acute and 8 of the chronic group cattle. In a total of 12 cases in both acute and chronic groups, there was no bacterial growth. In the acute endometritis group degeneration, desquamation and neutrophyl leucocyte infiltration, edema and haemorrhage was seen in the lamina epithelialis, in the lamina propria and desquamated epithelia of the glandular tissue and neutrophyl leucocyte infiltration in the lumen of the glands and neutrophl leucocyte infiltration in the uterine lumen was observed. In the chronic cases; mononucleer cell infilration, increase of connective tissue was observed. In cytological examinations, neutophyls were predominant cell in the smears. In the chronic endometritis cases the most common cells seen in the smears were lymphocytes. The ratio of epitelial cells/leucocytes was determined as 2.7/1 in acute cases, 2.9/1 in chronic cases and 15/1 in healthy cases. As a result the endometrial cytology was found to a useful technique in the diagnosis of endometritis in cattle. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endometritis, Endometrial sitoloji, Tan yöntemleri

İneklerde Endometritisin Tanısında Klinik Muayene, Endometriyal Sitoloji, Biyopsi Ve Mikrobiyolojik Muayene Bulgularının Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Yapılan çalı mada ineklerde, endometritis tanısında endometriyal sitolojinin etkinli i, endometritislerin tanısında kullanılan di er bazı yöntemlerle kıyaslanarak de erlendirildi. Bu amaçla 13 akut, 17 kronik endometritisli ve 10 sa lıklı holstein inek kullanıldı. neklerin klinik muayeneleri, uterustan alınan örneklerin mikrobiyolojik ekimleri, uterus yıkantılarının sitolojik muayeneleri ile biyopsi örneklerinin histopatolojik muayeneleri yapıldı. Akut olgularda 13 olgunun 8inde vaginal akıntı görülmezken, 5 olguda vaginal akıntı gözlendi. Kronik endometritisli ve sa lıklı ineklerde herhangi bir vaginal akıntı tespit edilemedi. Akut, kronik ve sa lıklı ineklerdeki rektal palpasyon bulgularının birbirlerine benzerlikler gösterdi i belirlendi. Mikrobiyolojik ekimler sonrasında akut olgularda 10, kronik olgularda da 8 olguda olmak üzere A. pyogenes, E. coli, Streptococcus spp, Staphylococcus spp, K. Pneumonia ve Maya izole edilirken akut ve kronik toplam 12 olguda üreme olmadı. Histopatolojik muayenelerde akut endometritisli ineklerde lamina epitelyaliste dejenerasyon, deskuamasyon, nötrofil lökosit infiltrasyonu, lamina propriada ödem, hiperemi, ve nötrofil lökosit infiltrasyonu, bez lumenlerinde nötrofil lökosit infiltrasyonu, dökülmü bez epitelleri, uterus lumenlerinde ise nötrofil lökosit infiltrasyonu belirlendi. Kronik olgularda ise lamina propriada; mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonu, de i ik derecelerde ba doku artı ı, subepitelyal bölgede lenfoplazmositer hücre infiltrasyonları gözlemlendi. Sitolojik muayenelerde akut endometritislerde nötrofillerin fazla oldukları tespit edildi. Kronik endometritislerde dominant hücrelerin lenfositler oldu u belirlendi. Epitel/lökosit oranı akut endometritislerde ortalama 2.7/1, kronik endometritislerde 2.9/1 bulundu. Bu oran sa lıklı ineklerde 15 / 1 olarak belirlendi. Sonuç olaraki endometriyal sitolojinin ineklerde endometritis te hisinde saha artlarında kullanılabilece i kanısına varıldı

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endometritis, Endometrial sitoloji, Tan yöntemleri

Kaynakça

• Alaçam E (1999) nekte infertilite sorunu In: Alaçam E, editor Evcil Hayvanlarda Do um ve nfertilite, ikinci baskı, Medisan Ankara, 267-288.
• Apaydın AM, Özer H, Kalkan C, Öcal H, Bostancıo lu H, Eröksüz Y (1991a) nfertil ineklerde endometritisin klinik muayene ve biyopi ile te hisi üzerine çalı ma. Y Y Ü Vet Fak Derg, 2(1-2):81-85.
• Kanjilal BC, Chakraborty AN, Basak DK (1984) Study on the clinical and histopatological changes in genital organs of infertil cows. Ind Vet J, 680- 682.
• Hussain AM (1989) Bovine uterus defence mechanisms: A review. J Vet Med B, 38:641-651.
• Bonnett B, Miller RB, Martin SW, Etherington WG, Buckrell BC (1991b) Endometrial biopsy in holstein friesian dairy cows II Correlation between histological criteria. Can J Vet Res, 55:163-167.
• Hussain AM, Daniel RCW (1991) Bovine endometritis: Current and alternative therapy. J Vet Med A, 38 641-651.
• Arthur GH, Noakes DE, Pearson H (1992) Veterinary Reproduction and Obsteterics. Bailiare Tindall, London.
• Gilbert RO (1998) Reproductive opportunities and challanges. Cornell Dairy Extension, 75-83.
• Loeffler SE, de Vries MS, Schukken YH, de Zeeuw AC, Dijkhuisen AA, de Graaf AM, (1999) Use of AI technician scores for body condition, uterine tone and uterine discharge in a model with disease and milk reproduction parameters to predict pregnancy risk at first AI in holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology, 51:1267-1284.
• Bane A (1980) Microbiology of the genital tract: Ethiology of genital infections. In: 9th international Congress on Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, June 16-20, Madrid Spain, pp. 473-484.
• Messier S, Higgins R, Couture Y, Morin M (1984) Comparison of swabbing and biopsy for the studying the flora of the bovine uterus. Can Vet J, 25:283-298.
• Murray RD, Allison JD, Gard RP (1990) Bovine endometritis: comparative efficiacy of alfaprost and intrauterine therapies and other factors influencing clinical success. Vet Rec, 127:86-90.
• Noakes DE, Wallace L, Smith GR (1991) Bacterial flora of the uterus of cow after calving in two hygienically contrasting farm. Vet Rec, 128:440-442.
• Bonnett B, Martin SW, Gannon JPC, Miller RB, Etherington WG (1991c) Endometrial biopsy in holstein friesian dairy cows III, Bactreiologic analysis and correlations with histologic findings. Can J Vet Res; 55:168-173.
• Manspeaker JE (1992) Metritis and endometritis, National Dairy Database Northeast IRM Manual, 1-4.
• Dhailwal GS, Murray RD, Woldheiwet Z (2001) Some aspects of immunology of the bovine uterus related to treatment for endometritis, Anim Reprod Sci, 67:135-152.
• Bonnett B, Miller RB, Etherington WG, Martin SW, Johnson WH (1991a) Endometrial biopsy in holstein friesian dairy cows. I Technique, Histological criteria and results. Can J Vet Res, 55:155-161.
• Kıran MM, Erer H, Çiftçi MK, Hatipo lu F (1995) Koyunlarda genital organ bozuklukları üzerinde patolojik incelemeler, II uterus, serviks ve vagina. Vet Bil Derg, 11(2):119-129.
• Timurkaan N, Karada E (2000) Keçilerde di i genital organ bozuklukları üzerinde morfolojik incelemeler. II uterus, seviks ve vagina. F. Ü Sa lık Bi- limleri. Derg, 14(1):209-220.
• Hatipo lu F, Ortatatlı M, Kıran MM, Erer H, Çiftci K (2002) An abattoir survey of genital pathology in cows:II Uterus, cervix and vagina Revue Med Vet, 153(2):93-100.
• Brook D (1992) Reproductive examination of the mare, uterine cytology. In: Mc Kinnon A and Voss JL editors, Equine reproduction, Lea Febiger, London, 246-254.
• Tekeli T (1999) Kısrakta infertilite sorunu, In: Alaçam E, editor Evcil Hayvanlarda Do um ve nfertilite, ikinci baskı, Medisan Ankara, 291-302.
• Ley BW (2002) The diagnosis of endometritis in the mare by endometrial cytology. http://www.cvm.okstate.edu. Eri im tarihi: 10 Eylül 2002.
• Apaydın AM (1987) Elazı yöresinde döl tutmayan (Repeat Breeder) ineklerde subklinik endometritis’in te his ve tedavisi üzerine çalı ma. Doktora Te- zi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Sa lık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. TURKEY
• Apaydın AM, Kalkan C, Öcal H, Deveci H, Timurkan H (1991b) neklerde endometritis’in gentamisin ile tedavisi üzerine çalı malar. Y. Y. Ü. Vet. Fak Derg, 2(1-2):37-42.
• Aköz M (1998) Döl tutmayan (Repeat Breeder) ineklerde PGF2 ve intrauterin köpük sprey (Rifaximina) uygulamalarının gebe kalma üzerine etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sa lık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. TURKEY.
• Ergün Y (2000) Repeat breeder ineklerde subklinik endometritis rastlantılarının belirlenmesi ve intrauterin sa altım giri imi. Doktora Tezi , A.nkara Ü- niversitesi Sa lık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. TURKEY.
• Dohmen MJW, Joop K, Sturk A, Bois PEH, Lohuis JACM (2000) Relationship between intrauterine bacterial contamination, endotoxin levels and development of endometritis in postpartum cows with distocia or retained plecenta Theriogenology, 54:1019-1032.
• Banks WJ (1993) Applied Veterinary Histology, Mosby, London.
• Ramzy I (1990) Clinical cytopathology and aspiration biopsy. Appleton and Lange, Conecticut.
• Atkinson BF (1992) Atlas of Diagnostic Cytopathology. WB Sounders, Philadelphia.
• Zerbe H, Schubert HJ, Hoedemarkar M, Grunert E, Leibold W (1996) A new model system for endometritis: Basic concepts and characterisation of phenotypic and functional properties of bovine uterus neutrophils. Theriogenology, 46:1339-1356.
• Subandrio AL, Sheldon IM, Noakes DE (2000) Peripheral and intrauterine neutrophil function in the cow; the influence of endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones. Theriogenology, 53:1591-1608.
• Dascanio J (2003) Uterinecytology, Eri im: http://www. education.vetmed.vt/edu. Eri im Tarihi 1. Mayıs. 2003.
• Mc Evoy JD, Pollock JM (1994) A preliminary study of peripheral lymphocyte function in cows with chronic metritis. Vet Rec, 134:237-238.
• Ley BW (1994) Current thoughts on the diagnosis and treatment of acute endometritis in mares. Vet Med, July, 648-660.
• Bourke M, Mills JN, Barnes AL (1997) Collection of endometrial cell in the mare. Aust Vet J, 75(10):755-758.