Digital Legal Deposit Practices in National Libraries

Öz

National libraries are cultural institutions with extensive collections that collect the published documentary heritage of a country, usually with the support of law, and aim to preserve it and make it accessible. Because they are the permanent memory of nations, they home many unique heritage articles not found elsewhere. Legal deposit is a legal legislation that requires publishers operating in a country to provide copies of their publications to a designated heritage institution. National libraries collect documentary heritage with the authority they get from legal deposit legislation. Documentary heritage includes electronic publications as well as physical publications. The digital legal deposit process carried out for the preservation of documentary heritage requires confronting significant legal, economic and technological challenges. The purpose of the study is to analyze the digital legal deposit practices of national libraries differentially and to determine what steps the National Library of Turkiye should take in the future. Within the scope of the study, the digital legal deposit practices of legal deposit institutions in 22 countries, primarily national libraries, were examined. In addition, the history, legislation, process and challenges of digital legal deposit and web and social media deposit topics are included. Document analysis method and content analysis technique were preferred in the study. Documents were obtained from academic publications, international collaborative regulatory studies and national library websites through literature review. According to the findings of the study, countries' legislation and implementation approaches on digital legal deposit are different from each other. Digital legal deposit applications in Turkiye are still in the development stage. New legal, technical and organizational regulations are needed to cover all digital publications, especially online publications, and especially to develop access providing skills.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Digital Legal Deposit
• Electronic Deposit
• National Libraries
• Web Deposit and Social Media Deposit

Ulusal Kütüphanelerde Dijital Yasal Derleme Uygulamaları

Öz

Ulusal kütüphaneler bir ülkenin yayınlanmış belgesel mirasını genellikle yasa desteğiyle toplayan, onu korumayı ve erişilebilir kılmayı amaçlayan, geniş kapsamlı koleksiyonlara sahip kültür kurumlarıdır. Bu kurumlar ulusların kalıcı hafızaları olmaları nedeniyle başka yerlerde bulunmayan birçok benzersiz miras varlığına ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Yasal derleme ise, bir ülkede faaliyet gösteren yayıncıların yayınlarının kopyalarını belirlenmiş miras kurumuna sağlamasını gerektiren hukuki mevzuattır. Ulusal kütüphaneler belgesel mirası yasal derleme mevzuatlarından aldıkları yetkiyle toplamaktadır. Belgesel miras fiziksel yayınların yanında elektronik yayınları da içermektedir. Belgesel mirasın korunması için yürütülen dijital yasal derleme süreci ise önemli yasal, ekonomik ve teknolojik zorluklarla yüzleşmeyi gerektirmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı dünya genelinde belirlenen ulusal kütüphanelerin dijital yasal derleme uygulamalarını analiz ederek Türkiye Milli Kütüphanesi’nin gelecekte hangi adımları atması gerektiğini belirleyebilmektir. Çalışma kapsamında, başta ulusal kütüphaneler olmak üzere 22 ülkedeki yasal derleme kurumlarının dijital yasal derleme uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca dijital yasal derlemenin tarihçesine, mevzuatına, süreç ve zorlukları ile web ve sosyal medya derleme konularına yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada doküman analizi yöntemi ve içerik analizi tekniği tercih edilmiştir. Dokümanlar literatür taraması yoluyla akademik yayınlardan, uluslararası ortaklı düzenleyici çalışmalardan ve ulusal kütüphanelerin web sitelerinden edinilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, ülkelerin dijital yasal derleme konularındaki mevzuat ve uygulama yaklaşımları birbirinden farklılık göstermektedir. Türkiye'deki dijital yasal derleme uygulamaları henüz gelişim aşamasındadır. Çevrimiçi yayınlar başta olmak üzere derlemenin ihtiyaç duyulan tüm dijital yayınları kapsamasına ve özellikle erişim sunma becerilerinin gelişimi için hukuki, teknik ve organizasyonel yeni düzenlemelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dijital Yasal Derleme
• Elektronik Derleme
• Ulusal Kütüphaneler
• Web Derleme ve Sosyal Medya Derleme

Kaynakça

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