Kaya kütle makaslama dayanımının geri analiz yöntemi ile belirlenmesi: Bir vaka analizi
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 60 Sayı: 3, 137 - 145, 01.09.2021
Ogün Ozan Varol
,
Mustafa Ayhan
,
Mutluhan Akın
Öz
Bu çalışma kapsamında, Avnik (Bingöl) demir açık ocak işletmesinde meydana gelen şev duraysızlıkları incelenmiştir. Duraysızlıklar, ileri derecede kırıklı çatlaklı fillit ve şist birimlerinde meydana gelmiştir. Limit denge analiz yöntemi ile geri analizler yapılmış ve duraysız şevlerin makaslama dayanım parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Limit denge yöntemi ile makaslama dayanım parametreleri belirlenirken Hoek – Brown yenilme ölçütü kullanılmıştır. Geri analizler neticesine elde edilen GSI değerleri (35 - 32) ile arazi çalışmalarından elde edilen GSI değerleri (41 – 35) birbirleri ile uyumludur. Geri analizler neticesinde fillit ve şist birimleri için Hoek – Brown parametreleri sırası ile mb:0.147, 0.173 s: 3.305e-005, 8.566e-005 a: 0.516, 0.511 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Destekleyen Kurum
Dicle Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Proje Koordinatörlüğü
Proje Numarası
MÜHENDİSLİK.20.004
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma, Ogün Ozan Varol’un doktora tezinin alt çalışması olarak üretilmiştir. Yazarlar, doktora çalışmasını MÜHENDİSLİK.20.004 numaralı proje ile destekleyen Dicle Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Proje Koordinatörlüğü’ne ve açık ocak maden sahasında çalışmamıza olanak sağlayan, arazi çalışmalarında destek olan tüm DİMİN A.Ş yetkililerine ve teknik elemanlarına teşekkürlerini sunarlar.
Kaynakça
- Akbulut, İ. 2012. "Slope Stability" (2012. baskı). Ankara: General Directorate of Mineral Exploration.
- Akin, M. 2013. "Slope stability problems and back analysis in heavily jointed rock mass: A Case study from Manisa, Turkey". Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 46(2), 359–371.
- Barton, N., Lien, R., Lunde, J. 1974. "Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support". Rock mechanics, 6(4), 189–236.
- Bieniawski, Z. T. 1989. "Engineering rock mass classifications: a complete manual for engineers and geologists in mining, civil, and petroleum engineering". John Wiley & Sons.
- Cai, M., Kaiser, P. K., Tasaka, Y., Minami, M. 2007. "Determination of residual strength parameters of jointed rock masses using the GSI system". International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 44(2), 247–265.
- Çelebi, H. 2012. "Türkiye Apatitli Manyetit Yatakları: Jeolojisi, Jeokimyası ve Ekonomik Potansiyeli". İstanbul Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 67–83.
- Dong-ping, D., Liang, L., Jian-feng, W., Lian-heng, Z. 2016. "Limit equilibrium method for rock slope stability analysis by using the Generalized Hoek–Brown criterion". International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 89(June), 176–184.
- Erdoğan, B. 1982. "Bitlis Masifi’nin Avnik (Bingöl) Yöresinde Jeolojisi ve Yapısal Özellikleri". EÜ Yerbilimleri Fakültesi, Doçentlik Tezi.
- Erguler, Z. A., Karakuş, H., Ediz, I. G., Şensöğüt, C. 2020. "Assessment of design parameters and the slope stability analysis of weak clay-bearing rock masses and associated spoil piles at Tunçbilek basin". Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(1), 1–11.
- Fredj, M., Hafsaoui, A., Riheb, H., Boukarm, R., Saadoun, A. 2020. "Back-analysis study on slope instability in an open pit mine (Algeria)". Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2020(2), 24–29.
- Hammah, R., Curran H, J., Yacoub, T., Corkum, B. 2004. "Stability analysis of rock slopes using the finite element method".
- Helvacı, C. 1984. "Bitlis Masifi Avnik (Bingöl) Yöresindeki Zengin Demir Yataklarının Oluşumu". Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 8(1), 11–15.
- Hoek, E., Carranza, C., Corkum, B. 2002. "Hoek-brown failure criterion – 2002 edition". Narms-Tac.
- Hoek, E., Kaiser, P. K., Bawden, W. F. 2000. "Support of underground excavations in hard rock". CRC Press.
- Kang, K. S., Hu, N. L., Sin, C. S., Rim, S. H., Han, E. C., Kim, C. N. 2017. "Determination of the mechanical parameters of rock mass based on a GSI system and displacement back analysis". Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 14(4), 939–948.
- Kusumawardani, R., Upomo, T. C., Faizal, M. 2016. "Back-analysis of hoek-brown criterion: Rock slide case in Manado". International Journal of GEOMATE, 11(5), 2808–2814.
- Öge, İ. F. 2017. "Investigation of design parameters of a failed soil slope by back analysis". Engineering Failure Analysis, 82(August), 266–279.
- Özdemir, A., Delikanli, M. 2009. "A geotechnical investigation of the retrogressive Yaka Landslide and the debris flow threatening the town of Yaka (Isparta, SW Turkey)". Natural Hazards, 49(1), 113–136.
- Özdoğan, M. V., Deliormanlı, A. H. 2015. "Açık Maden Ocaklarında Oluşan Şev Duraysızlıklarının İzlenmesinde Yersel Lazer Tarama Tekniklerinin (TLS-LiDAR) Kullanımı". Türkiye 24. Uluslararası Madencilik Kongresi ve Sergisi, 14-17 Nisan 2015, Antalya, Türkiye ss. 393-400.
- Rocscience Inc. 2020. "2D Limit equilibrium slope stabilty analysis". Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Rocscience.
- Sharifzadeh, M., Sharifi, M., Delbari, S. M. 2010. "Back analysis of an excavated slope failure in highly fractured rock mass: The case study of Kargar slope failure (Iran)". Environmental Earth Sciences, 60(1), 183–192.
- Sonmez, H., Ulusay, R. 1999. "Modifications to the geological strength index (GSI) and their applicability to stability of slopes". International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 36(6), 743–760.
- Sönmez, H., Ulusay, R. 2002. "A discussion on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion and suggested modifications to the criterion verified by slope stability case studies". Yerbilimleri, 26(1), 77–99.
- Sonmez, H., Ulusay, R., Gokceoglu, C. 1998. "A practical procedure for the back analysis of slope failures in closely jointed rock masses". International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 35(2), 219–233.
- Ünal, E., Özkan, İ., Ulusay, R. 1992. "Characterization of weak, stratified and clay-bearing rock masses". Içinde Rock Characterization: ISRM Symposium, Eurock’92, Chester, UK, 14–17 September 1992 (ss. 330–335). Thomas Telford Publishing.
- Wei, Y., Jiaxin, L., Zonghong, L., Wei, W., Xiaoyun, S. 2020. "A strength reduction method based on the Generalized Hoek-Brown (GHB) criterion for rock slope stability analysis". Computers and Geotechnics, 117(September 2019), 103240.
Determination of rock mass shear strength through back analysis method: A case study
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 60 Sayı: 3, 137 - 145, 01.09.2021
Ogün Ozan Varol
,
Mustafa Ayhan
,
Mutluhan Akın
Öz
In this study, the slope failures were investigated in Avnik (Bingöl) iron open – pit mine. The slope instabilities occurred in highly weathered phyllite and schist units. The back analyses were carried out considering the limit equilibrium method and the shear strength parameters. While determining shear strength parameters via limit equilibrium method Hoek – Brown failure criterion was used. The GSI values (35 – 32) obtained by back analyses and GSI values (41 – 35) determined by field survey are compatible with each other. Hoek – Brown parameters for phyllite and schist units, which were obtained by back analyses are mb: 0.147, 0.173 s: 3.305e-005, 8.566e-005 a: 0.516 – 0.511, respectively.
Proje Numarası
MÜHENDİSLİK.20.004
Kaynakça
- Akbulut, İ. 2012. "Slope Stability" (2012. baskı). Ankara: General Directorate of Mineral Exploration.
- Akin, M. 2013. "Slope stability problems and back analysis in heavily jointed rock mass: A Case study from Manisa, Turkey". Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 46(2), 359–371.
- Barton, N., Lien, R., Lunde, J. 1974. "Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support". Rock mechanics, 6(4), 189–236.
- Bieniawski, Z. T. 1989. "Engineering rock mass classifications: a complete manual for engineers and geologists in mining, civil, and petroleum engineering". John Wiley & Sons.
- Cai, M., Kaiser, P. K., Tasaka, Y., Minami, M. 2007. "Determination of residual strength parameters of jointed rock masses using the GSI system". International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 44(2), 247–265.
- Çelebi, H. 2012. "Türkiye Apatitli Manyetit Yatakları: Jeolojisi, Jeokimyası ve Ekonomik Potansiyeli". İstanbul Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 67–83.
- Dong-ping, D., Liang, L., Jian-feng, W., Lian-heng, Z. 2016. "Limit equilibrium method for rock slope stability analysis by using the Generalized Hoek–Brown criterion". International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 89(June), 176–184.
- Erdoğan, B. 1982. "Bitlis Masifi’nin Avnik (Bingöl) Yöresinde Jeolojisi ve Yapısal Özellikleri". EÜ Yerbilimleri Fakültesi, Doçentlik Tezi.
- Erguler, Z. A., Karakuş, H., Ediz, I. G., Şensöğüt, C. 2020. "Assessment of design parameters and the slope stability analysis of weak clay-bearing rock masses and associated spoil piles at Tunçbilek basin". Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(1), 1–11.
- Fredj, M., Hafsaoui, A., Riheb, H., Boukarm, R., Saadoun, A. 2020. "Back-analysis study on slope instability in an open pit mine (Algeria)". Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2020(2), 24–29.
- Hammah, R., Curran H, J., Yacoub, T., Corkum, B. 2004. "Stability analysis of rock slopes using the finite element method".
- Helvacı, C. 1984. "Bitlis Masifi Avnik (Bingöl) Yöresindeki Zengin Demir Yataklarının Oluşumu". Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 8(1), 11–15.
- Hoek, E., Carranza, C., Corkum, B. 2002. "Hoek-brown failure criterion – 2002 edition". Narms-Tac.
- Hoek, E., Kaiser, P. K., Bawden, W. F. 2000. "Support of underground excavations in hard rock". CRC Press.
- Kang, K. S., Hu, N. L., Sin, C. S., Rim, S. H., Han, E. C., Kim, C. N. 2017. "Determination of the mechanical parameters of rock mass based on a GSI system and displacement back analysis". Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 14(4), 939–948.
- Kusumawardani, R., Upomo, T. C., Faizal, M. 2016. "Back-analysis of hoek-brown criterion: Rock slide case in Manado". International Journal of GEOMATE, 11(5), 2808–2814.
- Öge, İ. F. 2017. "Investigation of design parameters of a failed soil slope by back analysis". Engineering Failure Analysis, 82(August), 266–279.
- Özdemir, A., Delikanli, M. 2009. "A geotechnical investigation of the retrogressive Yaka Landslide and the debris flow threatening the town of Yaka (Isparta, SW Turkey)". Natural Hazards, 49(1), 113–136.
- Özdoğan, M. V., Deliormanlı, A. H. 2015. "Açık Maden Ocaklarında Oluşan Şev Duraysızlıklarının İzlenmesinde Yersel Lazer Tarama Tekniklerinin (TLS-LiDAR) Kullanımı". Türkiye 24. Uluslararası Madencilik Kongresi ve Sergisi, 14-17 Nisan 2015, Antalya, Türkiye ss. 393-400.
- Rocscience Inc. 2020. "2D Limit equilibrium slope stabilty analysis". Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Rocscience.
- Sharifzadeh, M., Sharifi, M., Delbari, S. M. 2010. "Back analysis of an excavated slope failure in highly fractured rock mass: The case study of Kargar slope failure (Iran)". Environmental Earth Sciences, 60(1), 183–192.
- Sonmez, H., Ulusay, R. 1999. "Modifications to the geological strength index (GSI) and their applicability to stability of slopes". International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 36(6), 743–760.
- Sönmez, H., Ulusay, R. 2002. "A discussion on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion and suggested modifications to the criterion verified by slope stability case studies". Yerbilimleri, 26(1), 77–99.
- Sonmez, H., Ulusay, R., Gokceoglu, C. 1998. "A practical procedure for the back analysis of slope failures in closely jointed rock masses". International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 35(2), 219–233.
- Ünal, E., Özkan, İ., Ulusay, R. 1992. "Characterization of weak, stratified and clay-bearing rock masses". Içinde Rock Characterization: ISRM Symposium, Eurock’92, Chester, UK, 14–17 September 1992 (ss. 330–335). Thomas Telford Publishing.
- Wei, Y., Jiaxin, L., Zonghong, L., Wei, W., Xiaoyun, S. 2020. "A strength reduction method based on the Generalized Hoek-Brown (GHB) criterion for rock slope stability analysis". Computers and Geotechnics, 117(September 2019), 103240.