Life skills in the preschool period: A systematic review

Öz

The aim of this research is to make a systematic review of the researches on 'life skills in pre-school period'. A total of 46 studies, national and foreign, were included in this study between 2007 and 2022, related to life skills in the pre-school period, which were determined to be suitable for the criteria created in accordance with the systematic compilation rule and the answers to the questions. These studies were analyzed according to their objectives, dependent-independent variables, patterns, study groups and results. It was determined that the compiled studies were predominantly structured in a quantitative research approach and quasi-experimental design. It has been determined that life skills are considered as both dependent and independent variables in the research and their aim is to create positive effects in different developmental areas of children such as cognitive, language, motor, social and emotional development. It has been observed that studies on the acquisition of many different life skills have been carried out with participants from all stakeholders of pre-school education, and programs aimed at improving the life skills of disadvantaged children (with special needs, immigrants and those without a home), especially normally developing children, have been included. The results obtained from the research show that there is an awareness of the acquisition of life skills at an early age, and it is revealed that the 21st century skills that children should have been actually life skills. It is thought that this study is important in that it will shed light on other studies to be carried out and underlines the need for early intervention studies that can be planned at an early stage and in which different stakeholders can participate together.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Preschool period
• life skills
• life skills program
• systematic review

Okul öncesi dönemde yaşam becerileri: Sistematik bir derleme

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı ‘Okul öncesi dönemde yaşam becerileri’ ile ilgili yapılmış araştırmaların sistematik derlemesini yapmaktır. Bu çalışmaya 2007-2022 yılları arasında okul öncesi dönemde yaşam becerileri ile ilgili, sistematik derleme kuralına uygun olarak oluşturulmuş kriterlere ve soruların cevaplarına uygunluğu belirlenmiş yerli ve yabancı olmak üzere toplam 48 araştırma dâhil edilmiştir. Bu araştırmalar amaçlarına, bağımlı-bağımsız değişkenlerine, desenlerine, çalışma gruplarına ve sonuçlarına göre analiz edilmiştir. Derlenen çalışmaların ağırlıklı olarak nicel araştırma yaklaşımında ve yarı deneysel desende yapılandırıldığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmalarda yaşam becerilerinin hem bağımlı hem de bağımsız değişken olarak ele alındığı ve amaçlarının çocukların bilişsel, dil, motor, sosyal, duygusal gelişim gibi farklı gelişim alanlarında olumlu etkiler yaratmak olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Okul öncesi eğitimin her paydaşından katılımcılarla birçok farklı yaşam becerisinin edinimine yer verilen çalışmalar yapıldığı, normal gelişim gösteren çocuklar başta olmak üzere özel gereksinimli, mülteci ve sokak çocuklarının da yaşam becerilerini geliştirmek amaçlı programlara yer verildiği görülmüştür. Araştırmalardan elde edilen sonuçlarla yaşam becerilerinin erken yaşlarda edinimine yönelik bir farkındalık olduğu ve çocukların sahip olması gereken 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin aslında yaşam becerileri olduğu gözler önüne serilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın yapılacak diğer çalışmalara ışık tutacak olması ve erken dönemde planlanacak, farklı paydaşların bir arada katılabileceği erken müdahale çalışmalarına olan ihtiyacın altını çizmesi açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Okul öncesi dönem
• yaşam becerileri
• yaşam becerileri programı
• sistematik derleme

Kaynakça

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