Öz
Antropolog E. B. Tylor (1832-1917) tarafından icat edilen “animizm” terimi bir din değil din teorisi türünü ifade eder. Tylor, dinin asgari tanımını “ruhsal varlıklara inanç” olarak ileri sürerek dinsel inancın cansız nesnelere yaşam, ruh veya güç atfetme şeklindeki ilkel yanılgıdan kaynaklandığını savunur. Animizm, her ne kadar genellikle akademik din araştırmalarında doğa olaylarının ruh ve gücü olduğunu düşünen yerli halkın inanç sistemlerini tanımlamak için eski bir terim olarak kullanımdan çıkarılmış olsa da yine de, popüler kullanımda ve akademik teoride dindeki maddeselliğin anlamı ve değeri hakkında sorunları ortaya çıkarmak için ısrarda bulunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
E. B. Tylor Animizm Spiritüalizm Din Antropolojisi Materyalizm
Kaynakça
- Bird-David, Nurit. “ ‘Animism’ Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology.” Current Anthropology 40 Supplement (1999), 67–92.
- Callaway, Henry. The Religious System of the Amazulu. Springvale: Springvale Mission, 1868–1870; Cape Town: Struik, 1970.
- Darwin, Charles. The Descent of Man. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1952 (original edition, 1871).
- Guthrie, Stewart Elliot. Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
- Lubbock, John. The Origin of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man. London: Longmans, Green, 1889 (orig. edn, 1870).
- Marx, Karl. Capital, 2 vols. Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling, trs. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1974 (original edition, 1867).
- Masuzawa, Tomoko. “Troubles with Materiality: The Ghost of Fetishism in the Nineteenth Century.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 42 (2000), 242–67.
- M’Lennan, John Ferguson. “The Worship of Animals and Plants.” Fortnightly Review 6 (1868), 407–27, 562–82; 7 (1870), 194–216.
- Pietz, William. “The Problem of the Fetish, I.” Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics 9 (1985), 5–17.
- Tylor, E.B. “The Limits of Savage Religion.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 21 (1892), 283–301.
- Tylor, E.B. Primitive Culture, 2 vols. London: John Murray, 1871.
- Van Rheenan, Gailyn. Communicating Christ in Animistic Contexts. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1991.
Öz
Coined by the anthropologist E. B. Tylor (1832–1917), the term “animism” refers not to a type of religion but to a theory of religion. Asserting a minimal definition of religion as “belief in spiritual beings,” Tylor argued that religious belief originated in the primordial mistake of attributing life, soul, or spirit to inanimate objects. Although it has generally been dismissed in the academic study of religion as an obsolete term for describing the belief systems of indigenous people who hold that natural phenomena have souls or spirits, animism has nevertheless persisted in popular usage and academic theory to raise problems about the meaning and value of materiality in religion.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Animism E. B. Tylor spiritualism anthropology of religion materialism
Kaynakça
- Bird-David, Nurit. “ ‘Animism’ Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology.” Current Anthropology 40 Supplement (1999), 67–92.
- Callaway, Henry. The Religious System of the Amazulu. Springvale: Springvale Mission, 1868–1870; Cape Town: Struik, 1970.
- Darwin, Charles. The Descent of Man. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1952 (original edition, 1871).
- Guthrie, Stewart Elliot. Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
- Lubbock, John. The Origin of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man. London: Longmans, Green, 1889 (orig. edn, 1870).
- Marx, Karl. Capital, 2 vols. Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling, trs. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1974 (original edition, 1867).
- Masuzawa, Tomoko. “Troubles with Materiality: The Ghost of Fetishism in the Nineteenth Century.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 42 (2000), 242–67.
- M’Lennan, John Ferguson. “The Worship of Animals and Plants.” Fortnightly Review 6 (1868), 407–27, 562–82; 7 (1870), 194–216.
- Pietz, William. “The Problem of the Fetish, I.” Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics 9 (1985), 5–17.
- Tylor, E.B. “The Limits of Savage Religion.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 21 (1892), 283–301.
- Tylor, E.B. Primitive Culture, 2 vols. London: John Murray, 1871.
- Van Rheenan, Gailyn. Communicating Christ in Animistic Contexts. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1991.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Antropoloji |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Çevirmenler | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Mart 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 10 Kasım 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 33 |
