Traditional and Alternative Use of Mushroom Compost Waste

Öz

The production and culture of mushrooms is increasing as a desirable addition to the cuisine since ancient times. Mushroom culture is a biotechnological process that recycles ligninocellulosic wastes, since mushrooms are food for human consumption. Mushroom compost changes during cultivation as a result of fungal activity. Extracellular enzymes and complex compounds are secreted for degredation of ligninocellulosic substrates and antimicrobial activity. A large amount of compost waste is produced worldwide in various mushroom cultivation. The disposal and burning of agricultural wastes have created major global environmental problems. This post harvest compost waste can be used in different ways for produce value-added products. The most common and traditional uses of this waste material is in animal feeding, fermentation with other additives, mixed with other manure to produce biogas, bottom fertilizer and soil improvement. Recently efforts on conversion of mushroom compost waste into valuable products have increased. This review has focused on the use of mushroom compost waste in traditional methods and as a source for production of extracelluler enzymes and antimicrobial compounds.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antimicrobial compounds
• mushroom compost waste
• enzyme
• utilization

Atık Mantar Kompostunun Geleneksel ve Yeni Kullanım Alanları

Öz

Şapkalı mantar yetiştiriciliği yiyecek olarak tercih edilen bir ürün olması nedeni ile her geçen gün artmaktadır. Mantar yetiştiriciliği gıda üretiminin yanında lignoselülozik atık maddelerin biyoteknolojik geri dönüşümünün yapıldığı proseslerden biridir. Kompost içeriği mantar kültürü yapılırken değişmektedir. Lignoselülozik bileşiklerin parçalanması ve antimikrobiyal aktivitenin sağlanması için hücre dışına mantar tarafından enzimler ve kompleks bileşikler salgılanmaktadır. Çeşitli mantar kültürü çalışmaları sonucunda dünya genelinde çok fazla miktarda atık mantar kompostu açığa çıkmaktadır. Bu tür atıkların yakılarak bertaraf edilmesi çevresel açıdan ciddi sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Hasat sonrası kalan atık kompost farklı şekillerde kullanılarak değerli ürünlere dönüştürülebilir. Atık mantar kompostunun en yaygın ve geleneksel kullanım alanları; hayvan besleme, ilave katkı maddeleri ile fermentasyonu, biyogaz üretimi esnasında gübreye katılması, gübre ve toprağın iyileştirilmesidir. Son yıllarda atık mantar kompostunun değerli ürünlere çevrilmesi konusunda çalışmalar artmıştır. Yaptığımız derlemede atık mantar kompostunun geleneksel kullanım alanları yanında enzim ve antimikrobiyal madde kaynağı olarak değerlendirilmesine odaklanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antimikrobiyal bileşikler
• atık mantar kompostu
• enzim
• kullanım alanları

Kaynakça

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