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Used as a Probiotic Lactobacillus spp. Strains of Cholesterol Lowering Effects and Possible Mechanisms

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 108 - 113, 12.01.2017

Öz

High cholesterol levels
are one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart disease, although
cholesterol is a major building block for all body tissues. Therefore,
reduction of serum cholesterol is, very important to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Current lifestyle, dietary measures and pharmaceutical agents are inadequate
for regulating cholesterol levels. In recent years, there have been new
approaches to lowering levels of high cholesterol. Among these applications,
the use of probiotic bacteria is also important. To date, many in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted on this subject and it has been
shown that probiotic products, especially those containing certain Lactobacillus species, reduce the levels
of high cholesterol levels in the blood. Probiotic bacteria have demonstrated
potential to lower cholesterol levels by different mechanisms, as bile salt
hydrolase activity, production of compounds that inhibit enzymes such as
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, and cholesterol assimilation.

Kaynakça

  • Ahire, J., Bhat, A., Thakare, J., M., Pawar, P., B., Zope, D., G., Jain, R., M., Chaudhari, B., L. (2012). Cholesterol Assimilation and Biotransformation by Lactobacillus Helveticus. Biotechnol. Lett. 34: 103–107.
  • Ahn, Y., T., Kim, G., B., Lim, K., S., Baek, Y.,J., Kim, H.,U. (2003). Deconjugation of Bile Salts by Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolates. International Dairy Journal. 13: 303–311.
  • Alp G, Aslım, B. (2009). İnsan Bağırsak Sisteminde Probiyotik Olarak Bifidobakterilerin Önemi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 10(2): 343-354.
  • Amutha, K., Kokila, V. (2015). Cholesterol Lowering Property of Lactobacillus plantarum Isolated from Cow Milk. IJPSR. 6(3): 1184-1189.
  • Başyigit, G., Kuleaşan, H., and Karahan, A.,G. (2006). Viability of Human-Derived Probiotic Lactobacilli in Ice Cream Produced with Sucrose and Aspartame. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 33: 796-800.
  • Begley, M., Hill, C., Gahan, C., G., M. (2006). Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in Probiotics. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72(3): 1729–1738.
  • Belviso, S., Giordano, M., Zeppa, P., D., G. (2009). In Vitro Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Lactobacillus Plantarum and Lactobacillus Paracasei Strains Isolated from the Italian Castelmagno PDO Cheese. Dairy Sci. Technol. 89: 169–176.
  • Chang-Qing,Y., Li Rong,, L. (2015). Cloning and Expression of Bile Salt Hydrolase Gene From Lactobacillus Plantarum M1-Uvs29. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition) 22:( 2) 60-66.
  • Choi, E., A., Chang, C. (2015). Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of a Putative Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus plantarum EM Isolated from Kimchi. Food Science and Technology. 62:210-217.
  • Chikai, T., Nakao, H., Uchida, K. (1987). Deconjugation of Bile Acids by Human Intestinal Bacteria Implanted in Germ-Free Rats. Lipids. 22 : 669-671.
  • Corzo, G., Gilliland, S., E. (1999). “Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity of Three Strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus”, J. Dairy Sci. 82: 472-480 .
  • Coşkun, T. (2006). Pro-, Pre- ve Sinbiyotikler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 49: 128-148.
  • Çakır, İ. (2003). Laktobasillus ve Bifidobakterlerde Bazı Probiyotik Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Çakır, İ., Çakmakçı, M., L. (2004). Probiyotikler: Tanımı, Etki Mekanizması, Seçim ve Güvenilirlik Kriteri. Gıda 29 (6):427-434.
  • De Boever, P., Wouters, R., Verschaeve, L., Berckmans, P., Schoeters, G. and Verstraete, W. (2000). Protective Effect Of The Bile Salt Hydrolase-Active Lactobacillus reuteri Against Bile Salt Cytotoxicity. App. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 53. 709-714.
  • De Preter, V., Vanhoutte, T., Huys, G., Swings, J., De Vuyst, L., Rutgeerts, P. (2007). Effects of Lactobacillus casei shirota, Bifidobacterium breve, and Oligofructose-Enriched İnulin on Colonic Nitrogen-Protein Metabolism in Healthy Humans. American Journal of Physiology e Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 292: 358-368.
  • De Smet, I., Van Hoorde, L., De Saeyer, N., Vande Woestyne,M., Verstraete, W. (1994). In Vitro Study of Bile Salt Hydrolase (Bsh) Activity of Bsh Isogenic Lactobacillus plantarum 80 Strains and Estirnatign of Cholesterol Lowering Through Enhanced Bsh Activity. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. 7: 315-329.
  • De Vrese, M., & Schrezenmeir, J. (2008). Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics. Advances. Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology. 111: 1-66.
  • Dilna, S., V., Surya, H., Aswathy, R., G., Varsha, k., K., Sakthikumar, D., N., Pandey, A., Nampoothiri, K., M. (2015). Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide with Potential Healthbenefit Properties from a Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum RJF4. Food Science and Technology. 64: 1179-1186.
  • Duboc, P., Mollet, B. (2001). Applications of Exopolysaccharides in the Dairy Industry” International Dairy Journal.11: 759- 768.
  • Emami, A., Bazargani, A. (2014). Dual Effects of Lactobacilli as a Cholesterol Assimilator and an Inhibitor of Gastrointestinal Pathogenic Bacteria. Int J Entric Pathog.2(1):15768.
  • Esra Tok, E., Aslim, B. (2010). Cholesterol Removal by Some Lactic Acid Bacteria That can be Used as Probiotic. Microbiol Immunol. 54: 257–264.
  • Gill, H., S., Guarner, F. (2004). Probiotics and Human Health: A Clinical Perspective. Probiotics and Human Health. 80:516-526.
  • Gilliland, S.,E., Nelson, C.,R., Maxwell, C. (1985): Assimilation of Cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 49: 377.
  • Iranmanesh, M., Ezzatpanah, H., Mojgani, N. (2014). Antibacterial Activity and Cholesterol Assimilation of Lactic Acid Bacteria İsolated from Traditional Iranian Dairy Products. Food Science And Technology 58: 355-359.
  • İnanç, N., Şahin, H., Çiçek, B.( 2005).Probiyotik ve Prebiyotiklerin Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Erciyes Tıp Dergisi. 27 (3): 122-127.
  • Jones, M., L., Chen, H., Ouyang, W., Metz, T., Prakash, S. (2004). Microencapsulated Genetically Engineered Lactobacillus plantarum 80 (pCBH1) for Bile Acid Deconjugation and Its Implication in Lowering Cholesterol. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 1: 61–69.
  • Kaur, I., P., Chopra, K., Saini, A. (2002). Probiotics: Potential Pharmaceutical Applications. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15: 1–9.
  • Kopp-Hoolihan, L. (2001). Prophylactic and Therapeutic Uses of Probiotics: A Review. Journal of the American Dietetic Association.101: 229-241.
  • Kumar, M., Nagpal, R., Kumar, R., Hemalatha, R., Verma, V., Kumar, A. (2012). Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases. Experimental Diabetes Research. 1-14.
  • Laurens-Hattingh, A., Viljoen, B., C. (2001). Yogurt as Probiotic Carrier Food. Int. Dairy J.11: 1-17.
  • Lee, L., Kim, Y., Yun, H., S., Kim, J., G., Oh, S., Kim1, S., H. (2010). Genetic and Proteomic Analysis of Factors Affecting Serum Cholesterol Reduction by Lactobacillus acidophilus A4. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,76 (14): 4829–4835.
  • Lilly, D. M. and R. H. Stillwell. 1965. Probiotics: growthpromoting factors produced by microorganisms. Sci. 147:747- 748.
  • Lindström, C., Holst, O., Nilsson, L., Öste, R., Andersson, K., E. (2012). Effects of Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 and Its Exopolysaccharide on Plasma Cholesterol Levels and Inflammatory Markers in Mice. AMB Express. 2: 66
  • Liong, M.,T., Shah, N.,P. (2005). Bile Salt Deconjugation Ability, Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity and Cholesterol Co-Precipitation Ability of Lactobacilli Strains. Int. Dairy J. 15: 391–398.
  • Lo Curto, A., Pitino, I., Mandalari, G., Dainty, J.,R., Faulks, R.,M., Wickham, J.,M.,S. (2011). Survival of Probiotic Lactobacilli ın the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Using an in Vitro Gastric Model of Digestion. Food Microbiology. 7: 1359-1366.
  • Lye, H., S., Rusul, G., Liong, M.. T. (2010). Mechanisms of Cholesterol Removal by Lactobacilli Under Conditions that Mimic the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. International Dairy Journal. 20: 169-175.
  • Naidu, A. S., Bidlack, W. R. and Clemens, R. A., “Probiotic Spectra of Lactic Acid Bacteria”, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 38 (1): 13-126 (1999).
  • Nakajima, H., Suzuki, Y., Hirota, T. (1992). Cholesterol Lowering Activity of Ropy Fermented Milk. Food Sci. 57: 1327.
  • Noh, D., O,. Kim, S., H., Gilliland, S., E. (1997). Incorporation of Cholesterol Into the Cellular Membrane of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121. Journal of Dairy Science. 80:(12) 3107-3113.
  • Ooi, G., Liong, M. (2010). Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics: A Review of in Vivo and in Vitro Findings. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 11: 2499-2522.
  • Pereira, D.,I.,A., Gibson, G.,R. (2002). Effects of Consumption of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Serum Lipid Levels in Humans. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 37: 259.
  • Pereira, D., I., Mccartney, A., L., . Gibson, G., R. (2003). An in Vitro Study of The Probiotic Potential of A Bile-Salt-Hydrolyzing Lactobacillus fermentum Strain, and Determination of Its Cholesterol-Lowering Properties. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69 (8) P. 4743–4752.
  • Pinto, M., G., V., Franz, C., M., A.,P., Schillinger, U., Holzapfel, W., H. (2006). Lactobacillus Spp. with in Vitro Probiotic Properties from Human Faeces and Traditional Fermented Products. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 109:205–214.
  • Rasic, J. L., Vujicic, I. F., Skrinjar, M., Vulic, M. (1992). Assimilation of Cholesterol by Some Cultures of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria. Biotechnol. Lett. 14:39-44.
  • Sağdıç, O., Küçüköner, E., Özçelik, S. (2004). Probiyotik ve Prebiyotiklerin Fonksiyonel Özellikleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 35 (3-4): 221-228.
  • Sanders, M., E. (1998). Overview of Functional Foods: Emphasis on Probiotic Bacteria. Int. Dairy Journal. 8: 341-347.
  • Song , M., Park , S., Lee , H., Min , B., Jung , S., Park , S., Kim , E., Oh, S. (2015). Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus NS1 on Plasma Cholesterol Levels In Diet-İnduced Obese Mice. J. Dairy Sci. 98:1492–1501.
  • Soomro, A. H., Masud, T. and Anwaar K., “Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Food Preservation and Human Health”, Pakistan Journal of Nucrition, 1 (1): 20-24 (2002).
  • Soyuçok, A., Ekiz, T., Başyiğit Kılıç, G. (2016). Ekzopolisakkaritlerin Özellikleri ve Gıda Sanayindeki Önemi. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi Targid Özel Sayı 332-344.
  • Taranto, M., P., Murga, M., L., F., Lorca, G., Valdez, G., F. (2003). Bile Salts and Cholesterol Induce Changes in the Lipid Cell Membrane of Lactobacillus reuteri. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 95:86–91.
  • Tok, E., Aslım, B. (2007). Probiyotik Olarak Kullanılan Bazı Laktik Asit Bakterilerinin Kolesterol Asimilasyonu ve Safra Tuzları Dekonjugasyonundaki Rolleri. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi 37 (1): 62-68.
  • Turhan İ., 2012. Kaşar Peyniri Üretimi için Starter Kültür İzolasyonu ve İzolatların Ftır Spektroskopisi ile Tanısının Yapılması Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi,143s, Isparta.
  • Tsai, C., C., Lin, P., Hsieh, Y., M., Zhang, Z., Wu, C., W., Huang, C.1. (2014). Cholesterol-Lowering Potentials of Lactic Acid Bacteria Based on Bile-Salt Hydrolase Activity and Effect of Potent Strains on Cholesterol Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo. Scientific World Journal. 10.
  • Usman-Hosono, A. (1999). Bile Tolerance, Taurocholate Deconjugation, and Binding of Cholesterol by Lactobacillus gasseri Strains. J Dairy Sci. 82: 243–248.
  • Uymaz, B. (2010). Probiyotikler ve Kullanım Alanları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 16:(1): 95-104.
  • Wang, S., C., Chang, C., K., Chan, S., C., Shieh, J., S., Chiu, C., K., Duh, P. (2014). Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria İsolated from Fermented Mustard on Lowering Cholesterol. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 4(7): 523-528.
  • Wang, J., Zhao, X., Tian, Z.,Yang, Y., Yang, Z. (2015). Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 Isolated from Tibet Kefir. Carbohydrate Polymers 125: 16–25.
  • Zago, M., Fornasari, M.,E., Carminati, D., Burns, P., Suàrez, V., Vinderola, G., Reinheimer, J., Giraffa, G. (2011). Characterization and Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Isolated from Cheeses. Food Microbiology. 28 (5):1033-1040.

Probiyotik Olarak Kullanılan Lactobacillus spp. Suşlarının Kolesterol Düşürücü Etkileri ve Olası Mekanizmalar

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 108 - 113, 12.01.2017

Öz

Kolesterol tüm vücut dokuları için temel bir
yapı taşı olduğu halde, kandaki kolesterol seviyesinin yüksek olması, koroner
kalp hastalığının en önemli risk faktörlerinden biridir. Bu sebeple, serum
kolesterol seviyelerinin düşürülmesi, özellikle kalp-damar hastalıklarının
önlenmesi bakımından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Mevcut yaşam tarzı, diet ile
alınan önlemler ve farmasötik maddeler kolesterol seviyesinin düzenlenmesinde
yetersiz kalmaktadır. Son yıllarda, kandaki yüksek kolesterol seviyelerinin
düşürülmesinde yeni yaklaşımlar söz konusudur. Bu uygulamalar arasında,
probiyotik bakterilerin kullanımı önemlidir. Bugüne kadar bu konu üzerinde birçok
in vitro ve in vivo çalışma yapılmış ve özellikle belirli Lactobacillus türlerini içeren probiyotik ürünlerin kandaki yüksek
kolesterol seviyelerini azalttığı gösterilmiştir.  Probiyotik bakterilerin, safra tuzu hidrolizi
aktivitesi, 3-hidroksi-3-metilglutaril, koenzim A gibi inhibe edici enzimler
üretmeleri ile kolesterol asimilasyonu gibi farklı mekanizmalar kolesterol
seviyesini düşürme potansiyeline sahip olduklarını göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahire, J., Bhat, A., Thakare, J., M., Pawar, P., B., Zope, D., G., Jain, R., M., Chaudhari, B., L. (2012). Cholesterol Assimilation and Biotransformation by Lactobacillus Helveticus. Biotechnol. Lett. 34: 103–107.
  • Ahn, Y., T., Kim, G., B., Lim, K., S., Baek, Y.,J., Kim, H.,U. (2003). Deconjugation of Bile Salts by Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolates. International Dairy Journal. 13: 303–311.
  • Alp G, Aslım, B. (2009). İnsan Bağırsak Sisteminde Probiyotik Olarak Bifidobakterilerin Önemi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 10(2): 343-354.
  • Amutha, K., Kokila, V. (2015). Cholesterol Lowering Property of Lactobacillus plantarum Isolated from Cow Milk. IJPSR. 6(3): 1184-1189.
  • Başyigit, G., Kuleaşan, H., and Karahan, A.,G. (2006). Viability of Human-Derived Probiotic Lactobacilli in Ice Cream Produced with Sucrose and Aspartame. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 33: 796-800.
  • Begley, M., Hill, C., Gahan, C., G., M. (2006). Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in Probiotics. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72(3): 1729–1738.
  • Belviso, S., Giordano, M., Zeppa, P., D., G. (2009). In Vitro Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Lactobacillus Plantarum and Lactobacillus Paracasei Strains Isolated from the Italian Castelmagno PDO Cheese. Dairy Sci. Technol. 89: 169–176.
  • Chang-Qing,Y., Li Rong,, L. (2015). Cloning and Expression of Bile Salt Hydrolase Gene From Lactobacillus Plantarum M1-Uvs29. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition) 22:( 2) 60-66.
  • Choi, E., A., Chang, C. (2015). Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of a Putative Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus plantarum EM Isolated from Kimchi. Food Science and Technology. 62:210-217.
  • Chikai, T., Nakao, H., Uchida, K. (1987). Deconjugation of Bile Acids by Human Intestinal Bacteria Implanted in Germ-Free Rats. Lipids. 22 : 669-671.
  • Corzo, G., Gilliland, S., E. (1999). “Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity of Three Strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus”, J. Dairy Sci. 82: 472-480 .
  • Coşkun, T. (2006). Pro-, Pre- ve Sinbiyotikler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 49: 128-148.
  • Çakır, İ. (2003). Laktobasillus ve Bifidobakterlerde Bazı Probiyotik Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Çakır, İ., Çakmakçı, M., L. (2004). Probiyotikler: Tanımı, Etki Mekanizması, Seçim ve Güvenilirlik Kriteri. Gıda 29 (6):427-434.
  • De Boever, P., Wouters, R., Verschaeve, L., Berckmans, P., Schoeters, G. and Verstraete, W. (2000). Protective Effect Of The Bile Salt Hydrolase-Active Lactobacillus reuteri Against Bile Salt Cytotoxicity. App. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 53. 709-714.
  • De Preter, V., Vanhoutte, T., Huys, G., Swings, J., De Vuyst, L., Rutgeerts, P. (2007). Effects of Lactobacillus casei shirota, Bifidobacterium breve, and Oligofructose-Enriched İnulin on Colonic Nitrogen-Protein Metabolism in Healthy Humans. American Journal of Physiology e Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 292: 358-368.
  • De Smet, I., Van Hoorde, L., De Saeyer, N., Vande Woestyne,M., Verstraete, W. (1994). In Vitro Study of Bile Salt Hydrolase (Bsh) Activity of Bsh Isogenic Lactobacillus plantarum 80 Strains and Estirnatign of Cholesterol Lowering Through Enhanced Bsh Activity. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. 7: 315-329.
  • De Vrese, M., & Schrezenmeir, J. (2008). Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics. Advances. Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology. 111: 1-66.
  • Dilna, S., V., Surya, H., Aswathy, R., G., Varsha, k., K., Sakthikumar, D., N., Pandey, A., Nampoothiri, K., M. (2015). Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide with Potential Healthbenefit Properties from a Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum RJF4. Food Science and Technology. 64: 1179-1186.
  • Duboc, P., Mollet, B. (2001). Applications of Exopolysaccharides in the Dairy Industry” International Dairy Journal.11: 759- 768.
  • Emami, A., Bazargani, A. (2014). Dual Effects of Lactobacilli as a Cholesterol Assimilator and an Inhibitor of Gastrointestinal Pathogenic Bacteria. Int J Entric Pathog.2(1):15768.
  • Esra Tok, E., Aslim, B. (2010). Cholesterol Removal by Some Lactic Acid Bacteria That can be Used as Probiotic. Microbiol Immunol. 54: 257–264.
  • Gill, H., S., Guarner, F. (2004). Probiotics and Human Health: A Clinical Perspective. Probiotics and Human Health. 80:516-526.
  • Gilliland, S.,E., Nelson, C.,R., Maxwell, C. (1985): Assimilation of Cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 49: 377.
  • Iranmanesh, M., Ezzatpanah, H., Mojgani, N. (2014). Antibacterial Activity and Cholesterol Assimilation of Lactic Acid Bacteria İsolated from Traditional Iranian Dairy Products. Food Science And Technology 58: 355-359.
  • İnanç, N., Şahin, H., Çiçek, B.( 2005).Probiyotik ve Prebiyotiklerin Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Erciyes Tıp Dergisi. 27 (3): 122-127.
  • Jones, M., L., Chen, H., Ouyang, W., Metz, T., Prakash, S. (2004). Microencapsulated Genetically Engineered Lactobacillus plantarum 80 (pCBH1) for Bile Acid Deconjugation and Its Implication in Lowering Cholesterol. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 1: 61–69.
  • Kaur, I., P., Chopra, K., Saini, A. (2002). Probiotics: Potential Pharmaceutical Applications. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15: 1–9.
  • Kopp-Hoolihan, L. (2001). Prophylactic and Therapeutic Uses of Probiotics: A Review. Journal of the American Dietetic Association.101: 229-241.
  • Kumar, M., Nagpal, R., Kumar, R., Hemalatha, R., Verma, V., Kumar, A. (2012). Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases. Experimental Diabetes Research. 1-14.
  • Laurens-Hattingh, A., Viljoen, B., C. (2001). Yogurt as Probiotic Carrier Food. Int. Dairy J.11: 1-17.
  • Lee, L., Kim, Y., Yun, H., S., Kim, J., G., Oh, S., Kim1, S., H. (2010). Genetic and Proteomic Analysis of Factors Affecting Serum Cholesterol Reduction by Lactobacillus acidophilus A4. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,76 (14): 4829–4835.
  • Lilly, D. M. and R. H. Stillwell. 1965. Probiotics: growthpromoting factors produced by microorganisms. Sci. 147:747- 748.
  • Lindström, C., Holst, O., Nilsson, L., Öste, R., Andersson, K., E. (2012). Effects of Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 and Its Exopolysaccharide on Plasma Cholesterol Levels and Inflammatory Markers in Mice. AMB Express. 2: 66
  • Liong, M.,T., Shah, N.,P. (2005). Bile Salt Deconjugation Ability, Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity and Cholesterol Co-Precipitation Ability of Lactobacilli Strains. Int. Dairy J. 15: 391–398.
  • Lo Curto, A., Pitino, I., Mandalari, G., Dainty, J.,R., Faulks, R.,M., Wickham, J.,M.,S. (2011). Survival of Probiotic Lactobacilli ın the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Using an in Vitro Gastric Model of Digestion. Food Microbiology. 7: 1359-1366.
  • Lye, H., S., Rusul, G., Liong, M.. T. (2010). Mechanisms of Cholesterol Removal by Lactobacilli Under Conditions that Mimic the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. International Dairy Journal. 20: 169-175.
  • Naidu, A. S., Bidlack, W. R. and Clemens, R. A., “Probiotic Spectra of Lactic Acid Bacteria”, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 38 (1): 13-126 (1999).
  • Nakajima, H., Suzuki, Y., Hirota, T. (1992). Cholesterol Lowering Activity of Ropy Fermented Milk. Food Sci. 57: 1327.
  • Noh, D., O,. Kim, S., H., Gilliland, S., E. (1997). Incorporation of Cholesterol Into the Cellular Membrane of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121. Journal of Dairy Science. 80:(12) 3107-3113.
  • Ooi, G., Liong, M. (2010). Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics: A Review of in Vivo and in Vitro Findings. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 11: 2499-2522.
  • Pereira, D.,I.,A., Gibson, G.,R. (2002). Effects of Consumption of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Serum Lipid Levels in Humans. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 37: 259.
  • Pereira, D., I., Mccartney, A., L., . Gibson, G., R. (2003). An in Vitro Study of The Probiotic Potential of A Bile-Salt-Hydrolyzing Lactobacillus fermentum Strain, and Determination of Its Cholesterol-Lowering Properties. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69 (8) P. 4743–4752.
  • Pinto, M., G., V., Franz, C., M., A.,P., Schillinger, U., Holzapfel, W., H. (2006). Lactobacillus Spp. with in Vitro Probiotic Properties from Human Faeces and Traditional Fermented Products. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 109:205–214.
  • Rasic, J. L., Vujicic, I. F., Skrinjar, M., Vulic, M. (1992). Assimilation of Cholesterol by Some Cultures of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria. Biotechnol. Lett. 14:39-44.
  • Sağdıç, O., Küçüköner, E., Özçelik, S. (2004). Probiyotik ve Prebiyotiklerin Fonksiyonel Özellikleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 35 (3-4): 221-228.
  • Sanders, M., E. (1998). Overview of Functional Foods: Emphasis on Probiotic Bacteria. Int. Dairy Journal. 8: 341-347.
  • Song , M., Park , S., Lee , H., Min , B., Jung , S., Park , S., Kim , E., Oh, S. (2015). Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus NS1 on Plasma Cholesterol Levels In Diet-İnduced Obese Mice. J. Dairy Sci. 98:1492–1501.
  • Soomro, A. H., Masud, T. and Anwaar K., “Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Food Preservation and Human Health”, Pakistan Journal of Nucrition, 1 (1): 20-24 (2002).
  • Soyuçok, A., Ekiz, T., Başyiğit Kılıç, G. (2016). Ekzopolisakkaritlerin Özellikleri ve Gıda Sanayindeki Önemi. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi Targid Özel Sayı 332-344.
  • Taranto, M., P., Murga, M., L., F., Lorca, G., Valdez, G., F. (2003). Bile Salts and Cholesterol Induce Changes in the Lipid Cell Membrane of Lactobacillus reuteri. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 95:86–91.
  • Tok, E., Aslım, B. (2007). Probiyotik Olarak Kullanılan Bazı Laktik Asit Bakterilerinin Kolesterol Asimilasyonu ve Safra Tuzları Dekonjugasyonundaki Rolleri. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi 37 (1): 62-68.
  • Turhan İ., 2012. Kaşar Peyniri Üretimi için Starter Kültür İzolasyonu ve İzolatların Ftır Spektroskopisi ile Tanısının Yapılması Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi,143s, Isparta.
  • Tsai, C., C., Lin, P., Hsieh, Y., M., Zhang, Z., Wu, C., W., Huang, C.1. (2014). Cholesterol-Lowering Potentials of Lactic Acid Bacteria Based on Bile-Salt Hydrolase Activity and Effect of Potent Strains on Cholesterol Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo. Scientific World Journal. 10.
  • Usman-Hosono, A. (1999). Bile Tolerance, Taurocholate Deconjugation, and Binding of Cholesterol by Lactobacillus gasseri Strains. J Dairy Sci. 82: 243–248.
  • Uymaz, B. (2010). Probiyotikler ve Kullanım Alanları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 16:(1): 95-104.
  • Wang, S., C., Chang, C., K., Chan, S., C., Shieh, J., S., Chiu, C., K., Duh, P. (2014). Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria İsolated from Fermented Mustard on Lowering Cholesterol. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 4(7): 523-528.
  • Wang, J., Zhao, X., Tian, Z.,Yang, Y., Yang, Z. (2015). Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 Isolated from Tibet Kefir. Carbohydrate Polymers 125: 16–25.
  • Zago, M., Fornasari, M.,E., Carminati, D., Burns, P., Suàrez, V., Vinderola, G., Reinheimer, J., Giraffa, G. (2011). Characterization and Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Isolated from Cheeses. Food Microbiology. 28 (5):1033-1040.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Duygu Alp

Pelin Ertürkmen

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Ocak 2017
Kabul Tarihi 18 Nisan 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Alp, D., & Ertürkmen, P. (2017). Probiyotik Olarak Kullanılan Lactobacillus spp. Suşlarının Kolesterol Düşürücü Etkileri ve Olası Mekanizmalar. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 108-113.