Bu çalışma, karmaşık dinamikleri aydınlatmak amacıyla Küresel Güney'deki döngüsel ekonomi (DE) geçişlerinin ayırt edici özelliklerini incelemektedir. İnegöl, Türkiye'deki mobilya kümelenmesi bir vaka çalışması olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, endüstrinin mevcut perspektifini göstermek için döngüsel ekonomi farkındalık anketi kullanmaktadır. Kümeden toplamda 40 şirkete ulaşılmış ve sonuçlar tematik analiz ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, potansiyel DE geçişlerinin engellerini ve motivasyonlarını daha iyi anlamak için, ekosistemin önemli bir figürüyle yarı yapılandırılmış bir mülakat yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ana bulguları, Küresel Kuzey'e kıyasla, Küresel Güney'de faaliyet gösteren şirketlerin DE kapsamına yönelik daha az farkındalığa sahip olduğunu ve uygulamaların atık azaltımı ve enerji verimliliği ile sınırladığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, yeni tasarım ve inovasyon çabaları DE'nin uygulanmasıyla ilgili beklenen faydalar arasında tanımlanmamıştır. Bu makale, Küresel Güney'den ihracatçı şirketlerin, döngüsel ekonomi konusundaki sınırlı anlayışları nedeniyle yakın gelecekte, özellikle AB'nin 2026 Net Sıfır CO2 Planı sonrasında, AB pazarlarında rekabet avantajlarını sürdürmede zorluk yaşayabilecekleri gerçeğine işaret etmektedir.
It was declared by the authors that scientific and ethical principles have been followed in this study and all the resources used have been properly cited.
Destekleyen Kurum
İstanbul Bilgi University
Proje Numarası
AK 85 102
Teşekkür
The authors would like to thank İstanbul Bilgi University. Also the authors would like to thank the project assistants Sueda Bayazıt and Hamiyet Onay for their support in data collection and literature review and Derin Seymen for updating the exporters database.
Kaynakça
Acerbi, F., & Taisch, M. (2020). A literature review on circular economy adoption in the manufacturing sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 273. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123086
Adhikari, S., & Ozarska, B. (2018). Minimizing environmental impacts of timber products through the production process “From Sawmill to Final Products”. Environmental Systems Research, 7(1), 1-15. DOI: 10.1186/s40068-018-0109-x
Adomako, S., Simms, C., Vazquez‐Brust, D., & Nguyen, H. T. (2023). Stakeholder green pressure and new product performance in emerging countries: a cross‐country study. British Journal of Management, 34(1), 299-320. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8551.12595
Agrawal, V., Atasu, A., & Ülkü, S. (2021). Leasing, modularity, and the circular economy. Management Science, 67(11), 6782-6802. DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2020.3829
Arranz, N., F. Arroyabe, C. and Fernandez de Arroyabe, C. (2019). The effect of regional factors in the development of eco-innovations in the firm. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28 (7), 1406-1415. DOI: 10.1002/bse.2322
Araz, Ç. & Yaşar, O. (2020) İnegöl İlçesinde Mobilya Sanayiinin Yapısal Özellikleri, Dağılışı ve Yaşanan Sorunlara Yönelik Bir değerlendirme. Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 6(24), 173-203.
Ayçin, E., & Kayapinar Kaya, S. (2021). Towards the circular economy: Analysis of barriers to implementation of Turkey’s zero waste management using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Waste Management & Research, 39(8), 1078-1089. DOI: 10.1177/0734242X20988781
Azizli, B. (2021). Circular Economy: An Analysis for Turkey. Regional and Business Studies, 13(2), 31-44. DOI: 10.33568/rbs.2915
Azizi, M., Mohebbi, N., & De Felice, F. (2016). Evaluation of sustainable development of wooden furniture industry using multi criteria decision making method. Agriculture and agricultural science procedia, 8, 387-394. DOI: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.034
Barbaritano, M., Bravi, L., & Savelli, E. (2019). Sustainability and quality management in the Italian luxury furniture sector: A circular economy perspective. Sustainability, 11(11), 30-89. DOI: 10.3390/su11113089
Benton, D., Hazell, J. and Hill, J. (2015), The guide to the circular economy: capturing value and managing material risk, Do Sustainability, Routledge, London, pp. 15-86. DOI: 10.4324/9781351274364
Bocken, M.P., Ritala, P. & Huotari, P. (2017). The circular economy: Exploring the introduction of the concept among S&P 500 firms. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21, 487–490. DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12605
Briguglio, M., Llorente-González, L. J., Meilak, C., Pereira, Á., Spiteri, J., & Vence, X. (2021). Born or grown: Enablers and barriers to circular business in Europe. Sustainability, 13(24), 13670. DOI: 10.3390/su132413670
Bursa Belediyesi (2022). Bursa sürdürülebı̇lı̇r enerjı̇ ve ı̇klı̇m değı̇şı̇klı̇ğı̇ uyum planı ı̇zleme ve değerlendı̇rme raporu (sera gazı emisyonu ve eylem planı) [Bursa Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Adaptation Plan Monitoring and Evaluation Report] https://www.bursa.bel.tr/dosyalar/galeri_x/dxzmvjj591wsw4k.pdf
Çelik, A. N., & Özgür, E. (2020). Review of Turkey’s photovoltaic energy status: Legal structure, existing installed power and comparative analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 134. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110344
de Jesus, A., & Mendonça, S. (2018). Lost in transition? Drivers and barriers in the eco-innovation road to the circular economy. Ecological Economics, 145, 75-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.08.001
de Oliveira, F. R., França, S. L. B., Rangel, L. A. D. (2018). Challenges and opportunities in a circular economy for a local productive arrangement of furniture in Brazil. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 135, 202‐209. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.10.031
Demirel P. & Kesidou E. (2019). Sustainability-oriented capabilities for eco-innovation: meeting the regulatory, technology and market demands. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28, 847-857. DOI: 10.1002/bse.2286
Dubey, S. K., & Bansal, S. (2012). Barriers in implementing radical/incremental changes in manufacturing-based government organizations. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(2), 48. DOI: 10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20120202A06
Eser, L. Y., & Polat, S. (2015). Elektrik Üretiminde Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarinin Kullanimina Yönelik Teşvikler: Türkiye ve İskandinav Ülkeleri Uygulamalari. Gümüshane University Electronic Journal of the Institute of Social Science/Gümüshane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 6(12).
Ghisellini, P., & Ulgiati, S. (2020). Circular economy transition in Italy. Achievements, perspectives and constraints. Journal of cleaner production, 243. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118360
Govindan, K., & Hasanagic, M. (2018). A systematic review on drivers, barriers, and practices towards circular economy: a supply chain perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 56(1-2), 278-311. DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2017.1402141
Gödel, R., & Beyhan, M. (2021). Entegre Katı Atık Yönetimi; İnegöl Örneği. [Integrated Solid Waste Management; İnegöl Case Study] Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 5(1). DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.590140
Hazen, B. T., Mollenkopf, D. A., & Wang, Y. (2017). Remanufacturing for the circular economy: An examination of consumer switching behavior. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(4), 451-464. DOI: 10.1002/bse.1929
Hira, A., Pacini, H., Attafuah-Wadee, K., & Hassall, J. (2022). Sustainable manufacturing and environmental pollution programme (SMEP): A circular economy experiment in the global south. Journal of Developing Societies, 38(3), 287-309. DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221106013
Hoag, B. G., Ritschard, H. V., & Cooper, C. L. (2002). Obstacles to effective organizational change: The underlying reasons. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23(1), 6-15. DOI: 10.1108/01437730210414526
Husgafvel, R., Linkosalmi, L., Hughes, M., Kanerva, J., Dahl, O. (2018). Forest sector circular economy development in Finland:A regional study on sustainability driven competitive advantage and an assessment of the potential for cascading recovered solid wood. Journal of cleaner production, 181, 483‐497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.176
Interviewee 1 Interview: Zoom Meeting, on 4th Jan. 2024, with the key figure of an NGO representing İnegöl Furniture Manufacturers.
Iritani, D. R., Silva, D. L., Saavedra, Y. M. B., Grael, P. F. F., & Ometto, A. R. (2015). Sustainable strategies analysis through Life Cycle Assessment: a case study in a furniture industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, 308-318. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.029
Jan, M. T. (2022). Factors influencing the purchase of circular economy products: a comparative analysis of Malaysia and Turkey. International Journal of Business and Society, 23(2), 802-819. DOI: 10.33736/ijbs.4839.2022
Kirchherr, J. W., Hekkert, M. P., Bour, R., Huijbrechtse-Truijens, A., Kostense-Smit, E., & Muller, J. (2017). Breaking the barriers to the circular economy. Utrecht University: Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Korkmaz, M. (2018). Public awareness and perceptions of climate change: differences in concern about climate change in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 16(4). DOI: 10.15666/aeer/1604_40394050
Koska, A., & Erdem, M. B. (2023). Performance Analysis of Manufacturing Waste Using SWARA and VIKOR Methods: Evaluation of Turkey within the Scope of the Circular Economy. Sustainability, 15(16), 12-110. DOI: 10.3390/su151612110
Koszewska, M., & Bielecki, M. (2020). How to make furniture industry more circular? The role of component standardisation in ready-to-assemble furniture. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 7(3), 16-88. DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2020.7.3(17)
Kumar, V., Sezersan, I., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Gonzalez, E. D., & Al-Shboul, M. D. A. (2019). Circular economy in the manufacturing sector: benefits, opportunities and barriers. Management Decision, 57(4), 1067-1086. DOI: 10.1108/MD-09-2018-1070
MacArthur, E. (2013). Towards the circular economy: Opportunities for the consumer goods sector. Ellen MacArthur Foundation.
Muchangos, L. S. D. (2022). Mapping the circular economy concept and the global south. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 2(1), 71-90. DOI:10.1007/s43615-021-00095-0
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Circular economy awareness and motivations in the furniture industry: İnegöl as a microcosm of global south dynamics
This study examines the distinctive characteristics of circular economy (CE) transitions in the Global South with the aim of elucidating the complex dynamics. The furniture cluster in İnegöl, Türkiye, is employed as a case study. A circular economy awareness survey is employed to illustrate the current perspective of the industry. In total, 40 companies from the cluster were reached, and the results were analyzed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Furthermore, a semi-structured interview was conducted with a key figure within the ecosystem to gain a deeper understanding of the barriers and motivations for potential CE transitions. The study’s key findings reveal that companies operating in the Global South have less awareness of the coverage of CE with applications confined to waste reduction and energy efficiency in comparison to the Global North. Additionally, new design and innovation efforts are not identified among the expected benefits related to implementing CE. This paper highlights the fact that exporting companies from the Global South may face challenges for sustaining their competitive advantage in EU markets, particularly after the 2026 Net Zero CO2 Plan due to their limited understanding of CE.
This study was approved by the Istanbul University Social Sciences and Humanities Ethical Committee (Study reference no: 2023/1696897).
Destekleyen Kurum
This study was supported by İstanbul Bilgi University Scientific Research Project funding with the project number AK 85 102.
Proje Numarası
AK 85 102
Teşekkür
We also would like to thank the project assistants Süeda Bayazıt and Hamiyet Onay for their support in data collection and literature review and Derin Seymen for updating the exporter database.
Kaynakça
Acerbi, F., & Taisch, M. (2020). A literature review on circular economy adoption in the manufacturing sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 273. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123086
Adhikari, S., & Ozarska, B. (2018). Minimizing environmental impacts of timber products through the production process “From Sawmill to Final Products”. Environmental Systems Research, 7(1), 1-15. DOI: 10.1186/s40068-018-0109-x
Adomako, S., Simms, C., Vazquez‐Brust, D., & Nguyen, H. T. (2023). Stakeholder green pressure and new product performance in emerging countries: a cross‐country study. British Journal of Management, 34(1), 299-320. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8551.12595
Agrawal, V., Atasu, A., & Ülkü, S. (2021). Leasing, modularity, and the circular economy. Management Science, 67(11), 6782-6802. DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2020.3829
Arranz, N., F. Arroyabe, C. and Fernandez de Arroyabe, C. (2019). The effect of regional factors in the development of eco-innovations in the firm. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28 (7), 1406-1415. DOI: 10.1002/bse.2322
Araz, Ç. & Yaşar, O. (2020) İnegöl İlçesinde Mobilya Sanayiinin Yapısal Özellikleri, Dağılışı ve Yaşanan Sorunlara Yönelik Bir değerlendirme. Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 6(24), 173-203.
Ayçin, E., & Kayapinar Kaya, S. (2021). Towards the circular economy: Analysis of barriers to implementation of Turkey’s zero waste management using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Waste Management & Research, 39(8), 1078-1089. DOI: 10.1177/0734242X20988781
Azizli, B. (2021). Circular Economy: An Analysis for Turkey. Regional and Business Studies, 13(2), 31-44. DOI: 10.33568/rbs.2915
Azizi, M., Mohebbi, N., & De Felice, F. (2016). Evaluation of sustainable development of wooden furniture industry using multi criteria decision making method. Agriculture and agricultural science procedia, 8, 387-394. DOI: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.034
Barbaritano, M., Bravi, L., & Savelli, E. (2019). Sustainability and quality management in the Italian luxury furniture sector: A circular economy perspective. Sustainability, 11(11), 30-89. DOI: 10.3390/su11113089
Benton, D., Hazell, J. and Hill, J. (2015), The guide to the circular economy: capturing value and managing material risk, Do Sustainability, Routledge, London, pp. 15-86. DOI: 10.4324/9781351274364
Bocken, M.P., Ritala, P. & Huotari, P. (2017). The circular economy: Exploring the introduction of the concept among S&P 500 firms. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21, 487–490. DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12605
Briguglio, M., Llorente-González, L. J., Meilak, C., Pereira, Á., Spiteri, J., & Vence, X. (2021). Born or grown: Enablers and barriers to circular business in Europe. Sustainability, 13(24), 13670. DOI: 10.3390/su132413670
Bursa Belediyesi (2022). Bursa sürdürülebı̇lı̇r enerjı̇ ve ı̇klı̇m değı̇şı̇klı̇ğı̇ uyum planı ı̇zleme ve değerlendı̇rme raporu (sera gazı emisyonu ve eylem planı) [Bursa Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Adaptation Plan Monitoring and Evaluation Report] https://www.bursa.bel.tr/dosyalar/galeri_x/dxzmvjj591wsw4k.pdf
Çelik, A. N., & Özgür, E. (2020). Review of Turkey’s photovoltaic energy status: Legal structure, existing installed power and comparative analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 134. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110344
de Jesus, A., & Mendonça, S. (2018). Lost in transition? Drivers and barriers in the eco-innovation road to the circular economy. Ecological Economics, 145, 75-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.08.001
de Oliveira, F. R., França, S. L. B., Rangel, L. A. D. (2018). Challenges and opportunities in a circular economy for a local productive arrangement of furniture in Brazil. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 135, 202‐209. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.10.031
Demirel P. & Kesidou E. (2019). Sustainability-oriented capabilities for eco-innovation: meeting the regulatory, technology and market demands. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28, 847-857. DOI: 10.1002/bse.2286
Dubey, S. K., & Bansal, S. (2012). Barriers in implementing radical/incremental changes in manufacturing-based government organizations. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(2), 48. DOI: 10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20120202A06
Eser, L. Y., & Polat, S. (2015). Elektrik Üretiminde Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarinin Kullanimina Yönelik Teşvikler: Türkiye ve İskandinav Ülkeleri Uygulamalari. Gümüshane University Electronic Journal of the Institute of Social Science/Gümüshane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 6(12).
Ghisellini, P., & Ulgiati, S. (2020). Circular economy transition in Italy. Achievements, perspectives and constraints. Journal of cleaner production, 243. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118360
Govindan, K., & Hasanagic, M. (2018). A systematic review on drivers, barriers, and practices towards circular economy: a supply chain perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 56(1-2), 278-311. DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2017.1402141
Gödel, R., & Beyhan, M. (2021). Entegre Katı Atık Yönetimi; İnegöl Örneği. [Integrated Solid Waste Management; İnegöl Case Study] Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 5(1). DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.590140
Hazen, B. T., Mollenkopf, D. A., & Wang, Y. (2017). Remanufacturing for the circular economy: An examination of consumer switching behavior. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(4), 451-464. DOI: 10.1002/bse.1929
Hira, A., Pacini, H., Attafuah-Wadee, K., & Hassall, J. (2022). Sustainable manufacturing and environmental pollution programme (SMEP): A circular economy experiment in the global south. Journal of Developing Societies, 38(3), 287-309. DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221106013
Hoag, B. G., Ritschard, H. V., & Cooper, C. L. (2002). Obstacles to effective organizational change: The underlying reasons. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23(1), 6-15. DOI: 10.1108/01437730210414526
Husgafvel, R., Linkosalmi, L., Hughes, M., Kanerva, J., Dahl, O. (2018). Forest sector circular economy development in Finland:A regional study on sustainability driven competitive advantage and an assessment of the potential for cascading recovered solid wood. Journal of cleaner production, 181, 483‐497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.176
Interviewee 1 Interview: Zoom Meeting, on 4th Jan. 2024, with the key figure of an NGO representing İnegöl Furniture Manufacturers.
Iritani, D. R., Silva, D. L., Saavedra, Y. M. B., Grael, P. F. F., & Ometto, A. R. (2015). Sustainable strategies analysis through Life Cycle Assessment: a case study in a furniture industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, 308-318. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.029
Jan, M. T. (2022). Factors influencing the purchase of circular economy products: a comparative analysis of Malaysia and Turkey. International Journal of Business and Society, 23(2), 802-819. DOI: 10.33736/ijbs.4839.2022
Kirchherr, J. W., Hekkert, M. P., Bour, R., Huijbrechtse-Truijens, A., Kostense-Smit, E., & Muller, J. (2017). Breaking the barriers to the circular economy. Utrecht University: Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Korkmaz, M. (2018). Public awareness and perceptions of climate change: differences in concern about climate change in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 16(4). DOI: 10.15666/aeer/1604_40394050
Koska, A., & Erdem, M. B. (2023). Performance Analysis of Manufacturing Waste Using SWARA and VIKOR Methods: Evaluation of Turkey within the Scope of the Circular Economy. Sustainability, 15(16), 12-110. DOI: 10.3390/su151612110
Koszewska, M., & Bielecki, M. (2020). How to make furniture industry more circular? The role of component standardisation in ready-to-assemble furniture. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 7(3), 16-88. DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2020.7.3(17)
Kumar, V., Sezersan, I., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Gonzalez, E. D., & Al-Shboul, M. D. A. (2019). Circular economy in the manufacturing sector: benefits, opportunities and barriers. Management Decision, 57(4), 1067-1086. DOI: 10.1108/MD-09-2018-1070
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