Civil Participation in Urban Conservation: A Study on Vienna and Moscow

Abstract

Many different definitions and classifications have come to the fore in the formation, development and shaping of cities from past to present. According to the discourse and spirit of the time, the perspective put forward by agriculture, industry and information which society has found meaning on the urban level. The historical development of cities has been shaped according to the political, economic, administrative, technological and socio-cultural structure of the geography which they belong to. This study aims to examine the participation of civil society in urban conservation policies carried out in the cities of Vienna and Moscow. Urban conservation is a multidimensional process. The participation of the main users of protected assets in this process is important both for the democratic nature of public policies and for reflecting the initiative and will of civil society. In the study, the socio-political structures of the cities of Vienna and Moscow, current management systems and civil participation practices in urban conservation processes were examined. In addition, the nature of civil society participation dynamics is explained in the light of some historical, social and political variables. When civil society participation in Vienna is compared to Moscow, a form of participation related to the specific socio-political and historical situations of the cities stands out. In the study, different civil society participation practices of the two cities are evaluated in relation to the democratic functioning of the cities in question and the local and central government systems in which they are located. In this context, when the practices in Vienna and Moscow were compared with the civil participation practices in Turkey, it was seen that they had similar and different dimensions. Possible lessons and suggestions to be learned about these models are presented in the conclusion section.

Keywords

• City
• Urban Conservation
• Civil Society
• Participation

Kentsel Korumaya Sivil Toplum Katılımı: Viyana ve Moskova Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Kentlerin geçmişten günümüze oluşumu, gelişimi ve şekillenmesinde çok farklı tanımlama ve tasnifler ön plana çıkmıştır. Zamanın lafız ve ruhuna göre tarım, sanayi ve bilgi toplumunun ortaya koyduğu perspektif, kent düzleminde anlam bulmuştur. Kentlerin tarihsel açıdan gösterdiği gelişim, ait oldukları coğrafyanın siyasi, iktisadi, yönetsel, teknolojik ve sosyo-kültürel yapısına göre şekillenmiştir. Bu çalışmada Viyana ve Moskova kentlerinde yürütülen kentsel koruma politikalarına sivil toplumun katılımının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kentsel koruma çok boyutlu bir süreçtir. Bu sürece korunan varlıkların esas kullanıcılarının katılımı hem kamu politikalarının demokratik niteliği açısından hem de sivil toplumun inisiyatifinin ve iradesinin yansıması bakımından önemlidir. Çalışmada Viyana ve Moskova kentlerinin sosyo-politik yapıları, mevcut yönetim sistemleri ve kentsel koruma süreçlerindeki sivil katılım pratikleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca sivil toplumun katılım dinamiklerinin niteliği; tarihsel, toplumsal ve siyasal birtakım değişkenler ışığında açıklanmıştır. Viyana’daki sivil toplum katılımı Moskova ile karşılaştırıldığında, kentlerin özgün sosyo-politik ve tarihsel durumları ile ilişkili bir katılım biçimi göze çarpmaktadır. Çalışmada iki kentin farklı sivil toplum katılım uygulamaları, söz konusu kentlerin ve içinde bulundukları yerel ve merkezi yönetim sistemlerinin demokratik işleyişi ile ilişkili olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda Viyana ve Moskova’daki uygulamalar Türkiye’deki sivil katılım uygulamaları ile karşılaştırıldığında, benzer ve farklı boyutları olduğu görülmüştür. Bu modellerle ilgili çıkarılacak muhtemel dersler ve öneriler sonuç bölümünde sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kent
• Kentsel Koruma Sivil Toplum
• Katılım

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