Morchella esculenta ve Trametes versicolor’un İn Vitro Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi

Öz

Mantarlar hem besleyici hem de tıbbi gıda maddesi olarak kullanma potansiyeline sahiptir. Terapötik ajanlar içerdiği için bakteri, mantar, virüs ve parazitlerin neden olduğu çeşitli hastalıkları tedavi etmek için yüzlerce yıl kullanıldıkları bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers 1801 ve Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd 1921’in in vitro antimikrobiyal aktivitesini belirlemektir.

Çalışmada M. esculenta ve T. versicolor örnekleri kurutulmuş ve etanol kullanılarak ekstraktı elde edilmiştir. M. esculenta ve T. versicolor etanol ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal aktivitesi, Bacillus subtilis DSMZ 1971, Candida albicans DSMZ 1386, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSMZ 5071, Pseudomonas fluorescence P1, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13075, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella typhimurium SL 1344, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044, Staphylococcus aureus (MDR), Escherichia coli (MDR), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR), Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR), Proteus vulgaris (MDR), Serratia odorifera (MDR) ve Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDR) gibi Gram pozitif ve Gram negatif standart, gıdadan izole edilmiş bakteri suşları, mantar suşları ve klinik izole bazı çoklu ilaca dirençli (MDR) klinik izolat bakteriler kullanılarak disk difüzyon yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır.

Sonuç olarak, M. esculenta'nın etanol ekstraktının, test edilen Gram pozitif ve Gram negatif mikroorganizmalara karşı orta ila yüksek antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu, T. versicolor'un ise düşük ila yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Morchella esculenta,Trametes versicolor,antimikrobiyal aktivite,disk difüzyon,çoklu ilaca dirençli bakteriler,MDR

In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Morchella esculenta and Trametes versicolor

Öz

Fungi have a potential of using both as nutritive and medicinal food stuff. Because of containing several therapeutic agents, they are reported to be used for hundreds of years to treat several diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The aim of this study is to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. 1801 and Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd 1921.

M. esculenta and T. versicolor samples were air dried and extracted by using ethanol. Antimicrobial activity of M. esculenta and T. versicolor ethanol extracts were investigated against several Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria strains, fungal strains, which are either standard or isolated from food and some multi drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolate bacteria namely, Bacillus subtilis DSMZ 1971, Candida albicans DSMZ 1386, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSMZ 5071, Pseudomonas fluorescence P1, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13075, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella typhimurium SL 1344, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044, Staphylococcus aureus (MDR), Escherichia coli (MDR), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR), Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR), Proteus vulgaris (MDR), Serratia odorifera (MDR) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDR) by using the disk diffusion method.

As a result, it was observed that ethanol extracts of M. esculenta has medium to high antimicrobial activity against several Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms tested, where T. versicolor presented low to high antimicrobial activity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Morchella esculenta,Trametes versicolor,antimicrobial activity,disk diffusion,multi drug resistant bacteria,MDR

Kaynakça

1. Altuner, E. M., Akata, I., & Canli, K. (2012). In vitro antimicrobial screening of cerena unicolor (bull.) murrill (polyporaceae Fr. Ex corda). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 21(1B), 3704-3710.
2. Altuner, E. M., and Canli, K. (2012). In vitro antimicrobial screening of Hypnum andoi AJE Sm. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 97-101.
3. Atila, F., Owaid, M. N., and Shariati, M. A. (2017). The nutritional and medical benefits of Agaricus bisporus: a review. The Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 7(3), 281.
4. Canli, K., Altuner, E. M., and Akata, I. (2015). Antimicrobial screening of Mnium stellare. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 10(2), 321-325.
5. Canli, K., Yetgin, A., Akata, I., and Altuner, E. M. (2016c). In vitro antimicrobial screening of Aquilaria agallocha roots. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 13(5), 178-181.
6. Canlı, K., Yetgin, A., Akata, I., and Altuner, E. M. (2017). Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition screening of Anacyclus pyrethrum root. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3s), 244-248.
7. Heleno, S. A., Stojković, D., Barros, L., Glamočlija, J., Soković, M., Martins, A., Queiroz, M. J. R. P. and Ferreira, I. C. (2013). A comparative study of chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. from Portugal and Serbia. Food Research International, 51(1), 236-243.
8. Kalyoncu, F., Oskay, M., Sağlam, H., Erdoğan, T. F., and Tamer, A. Ü. (2010). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of mycelia of 10 wild mushroom species. Journal of medicinal food, 13(2), 415-419.

9. Klein, E., Smith, D. L., and Laxminarayan, R. (2007). Hospitalizations and deaths caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States, 1999–2005. Emerging infectious diseases, 13(12), 1840.
10. Litchfteld, J. H., Vely, V. G., and Overbeck, R. C. (1963). Nutrient content of morel mushroom mycelium: amino acid composition of the protein. Journal of Food Science, 28(6), 741-743.
11. Marco-Urrea, E., Pérez-Trujillo, M., Vicent, T., and Caminal, G. (2009). Ability of white-rot fungi to remove selected pharmaceuticals and identification of degradation products of ibuprofen by Trametes versicolor. Chemosphere, 74(6), 765-772.
12. Sullivan, R., Smith, J. E., and Rowan, N. J. (2006). Medicinal mushrooms and cancer therapy: translating a traditional practice into Western medicine. Perspectives in biology and medicine, 49(2), 159-170.
13. Venturini, M. E., Rivera, C. S., Gonzalez, C., and Blanco, D. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of extracts of edible wild and cultivated mushrooms against foodborne bacterial strains. Journal of food protection, 71(8), 1701-1706.
14. Villegas, M. V., and Quinn, J. P. (2004). An update on antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Infections in Medicine, 21(12), 595-599.
15. Yamaç, M., and Bilgili, F. (2006). Antimicrobial activities of fruit bodies and/or mycelial cultures of some mushroom isolates. Pharmaceutical biology, 44(9), 660-667.