Auricularia nigricans (Auriculariaceae, Basidiomycota) Halabja Eyaleti, Irak’tan İlk Kez Belirlendi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 68 - 74, 27.04.2020

Hawrez Ali Nadir Ari J. Alı Salah A. Salıh

Öz

Doğal mantarların dağılımını belirlemek ve yeni kayıt türleri bulmak için Irak'ın kuzeyinde bulunan Halabja'da çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Araştırmada, hem Auricularia nigricans hem de Auricularia auricula-judae türleri yetişme alanında bulunmuştur. Auricularia nigricans Irak'ta ilk kez elirlenmiş ve bu çalışmada detaylı tanımlanmıştırve, fakat Auricularia auricula-judae daha önce bir makalede bahsedildiğinden tanımı yapılmamış, ancak Halabja ilinde ilk kez bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, her iki tür için tam deskripsiyonları, fruktifikasyonlarının fotoğraflarıyla verilmiştir, yeni kayıtın genel yayılışı ve ekolojisinin açıklamasıyla birlikte spor ve hiflerin fotoprafları da verilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Halabja ili, Akdeniz iklimi, Mantar, Auricularia, Auricularia polytricha, Auricularia auricula-judae

Auricularia nigricans (Auriculariaceae, Basidiomycota) is First Introduced from Halabja Province, Iraq

Öz

Surveys are being conducted in Halabja province located north of Iraq to determine the distribution of wild mushrooms and finding new record species. During the study both species of Auricularia nigricans and Auricularia auricula-judae were found in the growing area. Auricularia nigricans is new to Iraq and described very well in this paper, but Auricularia auricula-judae was mentioned in a paper previously, but not described and even was not found in Halabja province. However, full description for both species are given along with photographed of fruiting bodies, with hyphae and spore illustrated for the new recorded species with given the information on general distribution and the ecology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Halabja Province, Mediterranean climate, Mushrooms, Auricularia, Auricularia polytricha, Auricularia auricula-judae, Saprobic

Kaynakça

• Alves, M. J., Ferreira, I. C., Dias, J., Teixeira, V., Martins, A., & Pintado, M. (2012). A review on antimicrobial activity of mushroom (Basidiomycetes) extracts and isolated compounds. Planta medica, 78(16), 1707-1718.
• Batista, A. C., Falcão, R. G. S., Peres, G. E. P., & de MOURA, N. R. (1966). Fungi paraenses: revisao da colecao de Paul C. Henings, do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. UFPe, Instituto de Micologia.
• Berheret, S. J. (1997). Agr Food Chem. 45, 831- 836.Dai,Y.C., Yang, Z.L. (2008). A revised checklist of medicinal fungi in China. Mycosystema 27:801–824
• Duncan, E.G., Macdonald, J.A. ( 1967) . Micro-evolution in Auricularia auricula. Mycologia 59:803–818FAO. (2008). Irrigation in the Middle East region in figures. AQUASTAT Survey. 1 pp
• Farid, M. T., Hero M. I. & Nareen Q. F. A., (2013). Survey and Identification of Mushrooms in Erbil Governorate. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences . 5(5): 262-266.
• Góes-Neto, A. (1996). Biodiversidade de Mixomicetos e Fungos Macroscópicos da Reserva Biológica de UNA e Áreas Adjacentes (Bahia, Brasil). Sitientibus, 15: 91-108.
• Hawksworth, L.D. (2001). The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species estimate revisited. Mycolog Res. 105:1422-1432.
• impact. CRC, Boca Raton,Irawati, D., Hayashi, C., Takashima, Y., Wedatama, S., Ishiguri, F., Lizuka, K., Yoshizawa, N. & Yokota, S. (2012). Cultivation of the edible mushroom Auricularia polytricha using saw dust based substrate made of three Indonesian commercial plantation species, Falcataria moluccana, Shorea sp., and Tectona grandis. Micologia Aplicada International. 24 (2): 33-41.
• Jonathan, S.G. (2002). Vegetative growth requirements and antimicrobial activities of some higher fungi in Nigeria. Ph.D Thesis. University of Ibadan.
• Jonathan, S.G., Bawo, D.D., Adejoye, D.O. & Briyai, O.F. (2009). Studies on Biomass Production in Auricularia polytricha Collected from Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. American Journal of Applied Science.6: 182-186.
• Kalchbrenner, K. &Thümen, F.V. (1881). Fungorum in itinere Mongolico a clar. G.N. Potanin et in China boreali a cl. Dr. Bretschneider lectorum enumeratio et descriptio. Mél Biol Acad Sci St Pétersb 11:57–67.
• Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (2008). Ainsworth & Bisby‟s dictionary of the fungi. 10. ed. Wallingford: CAB International.
• Kirk, P.M. (2015). Species Fungorum (version Feb 2014). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 30th July 2015 (Roskov Y, Abucay L, Orrell T, Nicolson D, Kunze T, Flann C, Bailly N, Kirk P, Bourgoin T, DeWalt RE, Decock W, De Wever A, eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/search/all (accessed 05 April 2015).Kobayashi, Y. (1981). The genus Auricularia. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo 7: 41–67.
• Kobayasi, Y. (1942). On the genus Auricularia from Eastern Asia. Bull Cent Natl Mus Manchoukuo 4:19–35.
• Laessoe, T. and Lincoff, G. (1998). Mushrooms (Eyewitness Handbooks) Kyodo Printing Co., Singapore;pp: 303.
• Looney, B., Birkebak, J. & Matheny, P. B. (2013). Systematics of the genus Auricularia with an emphasis on species from the southeastern United States. N Am Fungi 8:1–25. doi:10.2509/naf2013.008.006.
• Lowy, B. (1952). The genus Auricularia. Mycologia 44:656–692Lowy, B. (1971). Flora neotropica. Monograph no. 6. Tremellales. New York: Hafner Publishing Company. 153p.
• Lowy, B. (1951). A morphological basis for classifying the species of Auricularia. Mycologia 43: 351-358.
• Luo X, Yu M.Y, Jiang N, Xu XY, Zeng, J, Zheng LY (2009). Effects of Auricularia polytricha polysaccharide on mouse macrophage cytokine and iNOS gene expression. Jun Wu Xi Tong .28: 435–439.
• Mao, X.L. (1998). Economic fungi of China. Science Press, Beijing, p 762.
• Montoya-Alvarez, A. F., Hayakawa, H., Minamya, Y., Fukuda, T., López-Quintero, C. A., & Franco-Molano, A. E. (2011). Phylogenetic relationships and review of the species of Auricularia (Fungi: Basidiomycetes) in Colombia. Caldasia, 33(1), 55-66.
• Nadir, H. A., Ali, A. J., & Muhammed, G. A. R. (2016). Determination of Yield and Quality of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus florida) Using Different Substrates in Halabja, Kurdistan Reign-Iraq. Mansoura Journal of Plant Production - Mansoura University 7 (2016), 787 - 790.
• Ostry, M. E., O'Brien, J. G., & Anderson, N. A. (2011). Field guide to common macrofungi in eastern forests and their ecosystem functions. Government Printing Office.
• Parmasto, E., & Parmasto, I. (1987). Variation of basidiospores in the hymenomycetes and-its significance to their taxonomy. Bibl Mycol 115:1–168Schröter, J. (1888). Kryptogamen-Flora von Schlesien. 3-1(4):385-512.
• Seen-Irlet, B., Heilmann-Clausen, J., Genney, D., & Dahlberg, A. (2007, November). Guidance for the conservation of mushrooms in Europe. Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats. In 27th meeting, Strasbourg (pp. 26-29).
• Sobestiansky, G. (2005). Contribution to a Macromycete Survey of the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina in Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 48(3): 437-457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516- 89132005000300015.
• Srivastava, H. C. & Bano, j. (2010). Studies on the cultivation of Pleurotus species on paddy straw. Food Sci. 11:36-38.
• Tai, F.L. (1979). Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum. Science Press, Beijing, p 1527Teng, S.C. (1939). A contribution to our knowledge of the higher fungi of China. National Institute of Zoology and Botany, Academia Sinica, Nanking, p 614.
• Wu, F., Yuan, Y., Rivoire, B., & Dai, Y.C. (2015). Phylogeny and diversity of the Auricularia mesenterica (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) complex. Mycol Prog 14:42. doi:10.1007/s11557-015-1065-8.
• Yang, B. K., Ha, J. Y., Jeong, S. C., Jeon, Y. J., Ra, K. S., Das, S., ... & Song, C. H. (2002). Hypolipidemic effect of an exo-biopolymer produced from submerged mycelial culture of Auricularia polytricha in rats. Biotechnology Letters, 24(16), 1319-1325.
• Yildirim, N. C., Turkoglu, S., Yildirim, N. U. M. A. N., & KAPLAN INCE, O. L. C. A. Y. (2012). Antioxidant properties of wild edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii collected from Tunceli province of Turkey. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials & Biostructures (DJNB), 7(4), 647-1654.
• Yu, M., Ma, B., Luo, X., Zheng, L., Xu, X., & Yang, Z. (2008). Molecular diversity of Auricularia polytricha revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat and sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers. Current microbiology, 56(3), 240-245.
• Zoberi, M.H. (1972). Tropical Macrofungi. Macmillan. Press London. pp: 158.