Alternaria Genusu Üyelerinin Meyve ve Sebzeler Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 223 - 239, 31.10.2021

Burcu Kaya , Nükhet Nilüfer Zorba

Öz

Alternaria yağlı tohumlar, tahıllar, meyve ve sebzelerde bozulmaya neden olan mikotoksijenik bir mikrofungus cinsidir. Gıdaları hasat öncesi ve hasat sırasında çeşitli yollarla enfekte ederek yanıklık, siyah çürüklük olarak adlandırılan bozulmalara neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca düşük sıcaklıklarda gelişim göstermesinden dolayı hasat sonrası depolama ve taşıma sırasında da bozulmaya neden olarak gıda endüstrisinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Günümüzde Alternaria genusuna ait türlerin 70 ’den fazla sekonder metabolit ürettiği bilinmektedir. Ancak bu sekonder metabolitlerin bazıları insan sağlığına olumsuz yönde etki eden mikotoksinlerdir. Yapılan birçok çalışmada rapor edilen alternariol (AOH), alternariol metil eter (AME), tenuazonik asit (TeA), tentoksin (TEN) ve altenuen (ALT), Alternaria cinsine ait türlerinin ürettiği en önemli mikotoksinlerdir. Bu derlemede Alternaria türleri, önemli mikotoksinleri, gelişimi ve toksin oluşumuna etki eden faktörleri ve meyve ve sebzelerdeki önemi hakkında yapılan çalışmalar bir araya getirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternaria, Metabolit, Mikotoksin, Meyve, Sebze

Effects of Genus Alternaria Members on Fruit and Vegetables

Öz

Alternaria is a mycotoxigenic microfungus genus that causes deterioration in oilseeds, grains, fruits and vegetables. It infects foods before and during harvest in various ways, causing spoilage called blight, black rot. Besides, due to its development at low temperatures, it causes deterioration during post-harvest storage and transportation, leading to significant economic losses in the food industry. Today, it is known that Alternaria species are producing more than 70 secondary metabolites. However, some of these secondary metabolites are mycotoxins that negatively affect human health. Alternariol (AOH), alternariol methyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA), tentoxin (TEN), and altenuene (ALT) reported in many studies are the most critical mycotoxins produced by species belong to Genus Alternaria. In this review, the studies on Alternaria species, their mycotoxins, factors affecting their growth and toxin formation are combined with the studies about their importance in fruit and vegetables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternaria, Metabolite, Mycotoxin, Fruit, Vegetable

Kaynakça

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