Üçüncü Dalga Soylulaşma ve Devletin Rolü: Latin Amerika Örneği Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1 , 54 - 84 , 02.04.2026

Başak Bülbül Akın

https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1782392

https://izlik.org/JA32AH39PC

Öz

Bu çalışma, soylulaşma kavramına ilişkin farklı kuramsal yaklaşımları ve dönemleri ele almakta; özellikle üçüncü soylulaşma dalgasını ifade eden “devlet eliyle soylulaştırma” olgusuna odaklanmaktadır. Literatürde soylulaşmaya dair geniş bir birikim bulunmakla birlikte, çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğu Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika örnekleri üzerinde yoğunlaşmakta; gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki süreçlere ilişkin araştırmalar sınırlı kalmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, hakim literatürden yola çıkılarak soylulaşma kavramı, teorik arka planı, soylulaşma dalgaları, etki ve sonuçları bağlamında irdelenmekte; ancak soylulaşmanın küresel bir olgu olarak farklı coğrafyalarda farklı dinamikler etkisinde şekillendiği vurgulanarak, çok ölçekli bir değerlendirme ihtiyacı üzerinde durulmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yaşanan “devlet eliyle soylulaştırma” süreçlerine odaklanılarak, Latin Amerika kentleri özelinde yaşanan sürecin neden ve sonuçları ile küresel kuzeye benzerlik ve farklılıkları tartışılmaktadır. Yapılan mekânsal müdahalelerde izlenen politika ve etkili aktörlerin süreci nasıl etkilediği; soylulaştırma sürecini meşrulaştırmaya yönelik düzenlemelerin neler olduğu; sakinlerin direniş mekanizmalarının kırılmasında kamunun rolü ile özel sektör ve vatandaş arasındaki ilişkide nasıl bir konum üstlendiği çalışmanın araştırma sorularıdır. Devlet eliyle soylulaştırma ve yerinden edilme ya da yeniden yerleştirme arasında kurulan bağlantının, Latin Amerika örneğinde ve Santiago (Şili) kenti özelinde nasıl bir süreç ortaya koyduğu sorgulanmaktadır. Çalışmanın, 2000’li yıllarla birlikte başta İstanbul olmak üzere Türkiye’deki kentsel dönüşüm tartışmalarına katkı sağlamak amacıyla, devlet eliyle soylulaştırma olgusuna yönelik sorulacak sorular ve karşılaştırmalı araştırmalar için bir zemin oluşturması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Üçüncü dalga soylulaşma , devlet eliyle soylulaştırma , meşrulaştırma stratejileri , yerinden edilme , Latin Amerika

Third-Wave Gentrification and the Role of the State: An Assessment through the Latin American Case

https://izlik.org/JA32AH39PC

Öz

This study examines different theoretical approaches and phases of gentrification, focusing particularly on the third wave defined as “state-led gentrification.” While the literature on gentrification is extensive, the majority of studies concentrate on cases in Europe and North America, with relatively limited research on processes in developing countries. Against this backdrop, the study reviews the concept of gentrification, its theoretical background, its different waves, and its impacts and outcomes through the dominant literature, while emphasizing that gentrification, as a global phenomenon, is shaped by diverse dynamics across geographies and therefore requires multi-scalar evaluation. By focusing on “state-led gentrification” processes in developing countries, the paper discusses their causes and consequences in Latin American cities, highlighting both similarities to and differences from the Global North. The analysis addresses how state interventions and influential actors shape the process, which regulatory frameworks are used to legitimize gentrification, the role of the state in weakening residents’ resistance mechanisms, and how the state positions itself in the relationship between the private sector and citizens. The study interrogates how the link between state-led gentrification and displacement or resettlement is articulated in the Latin American context and materialized in the specific case of Santiago, Chile. It is expected that the study will provide a foundation for further comparative research and critical inquiry into state-led gentrification, contributing to debates on urban transformation in Turkey -particularly in İstanbul- since the 2000s.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Third-wave gentrification , state-led gentrification , legitimation strategies , displacement , Latin America

Kaynakça

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