Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Başa Çıkma Öz-yeterliği Ölçeği’nin Psikometrik Özellikleri: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 54 Sayı: 54, 129 - 150, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.15285/maruaebd.846981

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı Başa Çıkma Öz-yeterliği Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarının yapılmasıdır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 1420 üniversite öğrencisi meydana getirmektedir. Araştırmada Başa Çıkma Öz-yeterliği Ölçeği, İki Boyutlu Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği, Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği ve Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği’nden veri toplama amacıyla yararlanılmıştır. Veriler açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, korelasyon analizi ve bağımsız gruplar için t testi ile incelenmiştir. Yürütülen açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin üç faktörlü yapıdan meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ise belirlenen yapının doğrulandığını göstermiştir. Araştırmanın korelasyon analizi sonuçları, üniversite öğrencilerinin başa çıkma öz-yeterlik düzeylerinin anksiyete, depresyon, stres, stresle başa çıkma tarzlarından boyun eğici yaklaşım ve çaresiz yaklaşım boyutları ile negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki içinde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Diğer taraftan başa çıkma öz-yeterliğinin stresle başa çıkma tarzlarından sosyal destek arama, iyimser yaklaşım ve kendine güvenli yaklaşım ile benlik saygısının öz-yeterlik boyutu ve kendini sevme boyutu ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Güvenirlik çalışmaları sonucunda ölçeğin iç tutarlık katsayısı .93, iki yarı test korelasyonu ise .91 şeklinde hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmadan ortaya çıkan bulgular ışığında Başa Çıkma Öz-yeterliği Ölçeği’nin üniversite öğrencilerinin başa çıkma öz-yeterliklerini tespit etmede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
  • Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Gerbino, M., Pastorelli, C. (2003). Role of affective self-regulatory efficacy in diverse spheres of psychosocial functioning. Child Development, 74, 769-782.
  • Bandura, A., Locke, E. A. (2003). Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), 87-99. doi:10.1037/00219010.88.1.87
  • Barlow, J., Wright, C., Cullen, L. (2002). A job-seeking Self-Efficacy Scale for people with physical disabilities: Preliminary development and psychometric testing. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 30, 37-53.
  • Bayram, N. (2016). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş Amos uygulamaları. Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Bilgel, N., Bayram, N. (2010). Turkish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42): Psychometric properties. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 47(2), 118-126.
  • Bonner, C. F. (2015). Moderating effects of coping self-efficacy and coping diversity in the stress health relationship in African American college students. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Old Dominion University, USA.
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32(32), 470-483.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum (22. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and programming (2th ed.). Newyork: Routledge.
  • Caprara, G. V., Steca, P., Gerbino, M., Paciello, M., Vecchio, G. M. (2006). Looking for adolescents' well-being: Self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of positive thinking and happiness. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 15(1), 30-43.
  • Chesney, M. A., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., Johnson, L. M., Folkman, S. (2003). Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 1038-1046.
  • Chesney, M.., Neilands, T. B., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., Folkman, S. (2006). A validity and reliability study of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11(3), 421-437. doi:10.1348/ 135910705X53155.
  • Colodro, H., Godoy-Izquierdo, D., Godoy, J. (2010). Coping self-efficacy in a community-based sample of women and men from the United Kingdom: The impact of sex and health status. Behavioral Medicine, 36, 12-23. doi:10.1080/08964280903521362
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Erkuş. A. (2003). Psikometri üzerine yazılar. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Faure, S., Loxton, H. (2003). Anxiety, depression and self-efficacy levels of women undergoing first trimester abortion. South African Journal of Psychology, 33, 28-38.
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). London: Sage Publications.
  • Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219-239.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., Hyun, H. H. (2015). How to design and evaluate research in education (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • George, D., and Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 25 step by step: A simple guide and reference (15th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Glanz, K., Schwartz, M. D. (2008). Stress, coping, and health behavior. İn K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, K., and Viswanath (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice (pp.211-236). San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Şahin, N. H., Durak, A. (1995). Stresle Başaçıkma Tarzları Ölçeği: Üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(34), 56-73.
  • Holahan, C. K., Holahan, C. J., Belk, S. (1984). Adjustment in aging: The roles of life stress, hassles and self-efficacy. Health Psychology, 3, 315-328.
  • Hu, L. T., Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2009). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik uygulamaları (4. Baskı). Ankara: Asil Yayınevi.
  • Karademas, E. C. (2006). Self-efficacy, social support and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(6), 1281-1290. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.10.019
  • Karaman, H., Atar., B., Aktan, D. Ç. (2017). Açımlayıcı faktör analizinde kullanılan faktör çıkartma yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(3), 1173-1193.
  • Kashdan, T. B., Roberts, J. E. (2004). Social anxiety’s impact on affect, curiosity and social self-efficacy during a high self-focus social threat situation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 119-141.
  • Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Kwasky, A. N., Groh, C. J. (2014). Vitamin D, depression and coping self-efficacy in young women: Longitudinal study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 28(6), 362-367.
  • Lazarus, R. S., and Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Lazarus, R. S., Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory of research on emotions and coping. European Journal of Personality, 1, 141-169.
  • Leavy, P. (2017). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, arts-based, and community-based participatory research approaches. New Yok: Guilford Publications.
  • Lovibond S. H., Lovibond P. F. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research Therapy, 33(3), 335-43.
  • Luszczynska, A., Gutiérrez‐Doña, B., Schwarzer, R. (2005). General self‐efficacy in various domains of human functioning: Evidence from five countries. International journal of Psychology, 40(2), 80-89.
  • Marsh, H. W., Hocevar, D. (1988). A new more powerful approach to multitrait‐multimethod analyses: Application of second‐order confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 107‐117.
  • Mulaik, S. A. (2010). Foundations of factor analysis (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  • Park, C. L., Folkman, S. (1997). Meaning in the context of stress and coping. Review of General Psychology, 1, 115-144.
  • Park, C. L., Folkman, S., Bostrom, A. (2001). Appraisals of controllability and coping in caregivers and HIVþ men: Testing the goodness-of-fit hypothesis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(3), 481-488.
  • Selye, H. (1976). Stress in health and disease. Boston: Butterworth.
  • Siviş-Cetinkaya, R. (2013). Turkish college students’ subjective wellbeing in regard to psychological strengths and demographic variables: Implications for college counseling. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 35(4), 317-330.
  • Soysa, C. K., Wilcomb, C. J. (2015). Mindfulness, self-compassion, self-efficacy and gender as predictors of depression, anxiety, stress and well-being. Mindfulness, 6(2), 217-226.
  • Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for social sciences (5th ed.). New york: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Strentz, T., Auerbach, S.M. (1988). Adjustment to the stress of simulated captivity: Effects of emotion-focused versus problem-focused preparation on hostages differing in locus of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(4), 652-660.
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik (1. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş(Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları). Ankara: Ekinoks.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., and Fidell, L. S. (2014). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Tafarodi, R. W., Swan, W. B. (2001). Two-dimensional self-esteem: Theory and measurement. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 653-673.
  • Tu, Y., Zhang, S. (2015). Loneliness and subjective well-being among Chinese undergraduates: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 963-980. doi:10.1007/s11205-014-0809-1
  • Vitaliano, P. P., DeWolfe, D. J., Maiuro, R. D., Russo, J., Katon, W. (1990). Appraised changeability of a stressor as a modifier of the relationship between coping and depression: A test of the hypothesis of fit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 582-592.

Psychometric Properties of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 54 Sayı: 54, 129 - 150, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.15285/maruaebd.846981

Öz

The aim of this research is to adapt the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale to Turkish and perform validity and reliability studies. Participants in the research are comprised of 1,420 university students. Data collection tools include the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Stress-Coping Styles Scale, and Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale. Data have been analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and t test for independent groups. The exploratory factor analysis identified a 3-factor structure for the scale, which the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed. The correlation analysis, performed for identifying the criterion-based validity, revealed significant negative correlations for university students’ coping self-efficacy with their levels of depression, anxiety and stress and the stress-coping styles used in the hopeless and submissive approaches. However, significant positive correlations were found for coping self-efficacy with the stress-coping styles of self-confident, optimistic, and search for social support as well as with the self-esteem subdimensions of self-love and self-efficacy. The reliability studies for the scale have calculated the internal consistency coefficient as .93 and the split-half test correlation as .91. In light of the obtained findings, the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale is a valid and reliable measurement device that can be used to identify coping self-efficacy of university students in Turkey.

Kaynakça

  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
  • Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Gerbino, M., Pastorelli, C. (2003). Role of affective self-regulatory efficacy in diverse spheres of psychosocial functioning. Child Development, 74, 769-782.
  • Bandura, A., Locke, E. A. (2003). Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), 87-99. doi:10.1037/00219010.88.1.87
  • Barlow, J., Wright, C., Cullen, L. (2002). A job-seeking Self-Efficacy Scale for people with physical disabilities: Preliminary development and psychometric testing. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 30, 37-53.
  • Bayram, N. (2016). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş Amos uygulamaları. Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Bilgel, N., Bayram, N. (2010). Turkish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42): Psychometric properties. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 47(2), 118-126.
  • Bonner, C. F. (2015). Moderating effects of coping self-efficacy and coping diversity in the stress health relationship in African American college students. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Old Dominion University, USA.
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32(32), 470-483.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum (22. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and programming (2th ed.). Newyork: Routledge.
  • Caprara, G. V., Steca, P., Gerbino, M., Paciello, M., Vecchio, G. M. (2006). Looking for adolescents' well-being: Self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of positive thinking and happiness. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 15(1), 30-43.
  • Chesney, M. A., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., Johnson, L. M., Folkman, S. (2003). Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 1038-1046.
  • Chesney, M.., Neilands, T. B., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., Folkman, S. (2006). A validity and reliability study of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11(3), 421-437. doi:10.1348/ 135910705X53155.
  • Colodro, H., Godoy-Izquierdo, D., Godoy, J. (2010). Coping self-efficacy in a community-based sample of women and men from the United Kingdom: The impact of sex and health status. Behavioral Medicine, 36, 12-23. doi:10.1080/08964280903521362
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Erkuş. A. (2003). Psikometri üzerine yazılar. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Faure, S., Loxton, H. (2003). Anxiety, depression and self-efficacy levels of women undergoing first trimester abortion. South African Journal of Psychology, 33, 28-38.
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). London: Sage Publications.
  • Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219-239.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., Hyun, H. H. (2015). How to design and evaluate research in education (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • George, D., and Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 25 step by step: A simple guide and reference (15th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Glanz, K., Schwartz, M. D. (2008). Stress, coping, and health behavior. İn K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, K., and Viswanath (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice (pp.211-236). San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Şahin, N. H., Durak, A. (1995). Stresle Başaçıkma Tarzları Ölçeği: Üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(34), 56-73.
  • Holahan, C. K., Holahan, C. J., Belk, S. (1984). Adjustment in aging: The roles of life stress, hassles and self-efficacy. Health Psychology, 3, 315-328.
  • Hu, L. T., Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2009). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik uygulamaları (4. Baskı). Ankara: Asil Yayınevi.
  • Karademas, E. C. (2006). Self-efficacy, social support and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(6), 1281-1290. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.10.019
  • Karaman, H., Atar., B., Aktan, D. Ç. (2017). Açımlayıcı faktör analizinde kullanılan faktör çıkartma yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(3), 1173-1193.
  • Kashdan, T. B., Roberts, J. E. (2004). Social anxiety’s impact on affect, curiosity and social self-efficacy during a high self-focus social threat situation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 119-141.
  • Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Kwasky, A. N., Groh, C. J. (2014). Vitamin D, depression and coping self-efficacy in young women: Longitudinal study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 28(6), 362-367.
  • Lazarus, R. S., and Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Lazarus, R. S., Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory of research on emotions and coping. European Journal of Personality, 1, 141-169.
  • Leavy, P. (2017). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, arts-based, and community-based participatory research approaches. New Yok: Guilford Publications.
  • Lovibond S. H., Lovibond P. F. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research Therapy, 33(3), 335-43.
  • Luszczynska, A., Gutiérrez‐Doña, B., Schwarzer, R. (2005). General self‐efficacy in various domains of human functioning: Evidence from five countries. International journal of Psychology, 40(2), 80-89.
  • Marsh, H. W., Hocevar, D. (1988). A new more powerful approach to multitrait‐multimethod analyses: Application of second‐order confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 107‐117.
  • Mulaik, S. A. (2010). Foundations of factor analysis (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  • Park, C. L., Folkman, S. (1997). Meaning in the context of stress and coping. Review of General Psychology, 1, 115-144.
  • Park, C. L., Folkman, S., Bostrom, A. (2001). Appraisals of controllability and coping in caregivers and HIVþ men: Testing the goodness-of-fit hypothesis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(3), 481-488.
  • Selye, H. (1976). Stress in health and disease. Boston: Butterworth.
  • Siviş-Cetinkaya, R. (2013). Turkish college students’ subjective wellbeing in regard to psychological strengths and demographic variables: Implications for college counseling. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 35(4), 317-330.
  • Soysa, C. K., Wilcomb, C. J. (2015). Mindfulness, self-compassion, self-efficacy and gender as predictors of depression, anxiety, stress and well-being. Mindfulness, 6(2), 217-226.
  • Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for social sciences (5th ed.). New york: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Strentz, T., Auerbach, S.M. (1988). Adjustment to the stress of simulated captivity: Effects of emotion-focused versus problem-focused preparation on hostages differing in locus of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(4), 652-660.
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik (1. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş(Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları). Ankara: Ekinoks.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., and Fidell, L. S. (2014). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Tafarodi, R. W., Swan, W. B. (2001). Two-dimensional self-esteem: Theory and measurement. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 653-673.
  • Tu, Y., Zhang, S. (2015). Loneliness and subjective well-being among Chinese undergraduates: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 963-980. doi:10.1007/s11205-014-0809-1
  • Vitaliano, P. P., DeWolfe, D. J., Maiuro, R. D., Russo, J., Katon, W. (1990). Appraised changeability of a stressor as a modifier of the relationship between coping and depression: A test of the hypothesis of fit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 582-592.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Feridun Kaya 0000-0001-9549-6691

Hatice Odacı 0000-0002-2080-6269

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2021
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Kabul Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 54 Sayı: 54

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaya, F., & Odacı, H. (2021). Başa Çıkma Öz-yeterliği Ölçeği’nin Psikometrik Özellikleri: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 54(54), 129-150. https://doi.org/10.15285/maruaebd.846981