Yumuşak Hukuk Tartışmaları Çerçevesinde BM İş Dünyası ve İnsan Hakları Rehber İlkeleri’nin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 1131 - 1155, 03.12.2021

Cansu Atılgan Pazvantoğlu

https://doi.org/10.33433/maruhad.994733

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, BM İş Dünyası ve İnsan Hakları Rehber İlkeleri’ni, yumuşak hukuk ve sert hukuk ilişkisi çerçevesinde uluslararası hukukta güncelliğini koruyan yumuşak hukuk tartışmaları ve eleştirileri kapsamında değerlendirmek, Rehber İlkeleri’nin güncel durumunu irdeleyerek, var olan etkinliğinin söz konusu tartışmalarla ilişkisini çözümlemektir. Çalışma kapsamında yumuşak hukukun tanım ve kapsamına yer verilmiş, yumuşak hukuka ilişkin tartışmalar sınıflandırılmış ve örneklenmiştir. Uluslararası alanda insan hakları ve iş dünyası alanlarının etkileşiminin ve bununla birlikte yumuşak hukukun önemli bir örneğini oluşturan BM İş Dünyası ve İnsan Hakları Rehber İlkeleri (UNGPs) çalışmanın çözümleme ögesi olarak ele alınmış, Rehber İlkeleri’ne yönelik sert hukuk, yumuşak hukuk ve karma yaklaşımları uluslararası hukuktaki yumuşak hukuk tartışmalarıyla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Tarihsel süreçte insan hakları ve iş dünyası etkileşimi konuya ilişkin BM düzenlemelerinin incelenmesiyle aktarılmış, BM İş Dünyası ve İnsan Hakları Rehber İlkeleri’nin bu süreçteki yeri, güncel COVID 19 krizindeki etkinliği sorgulanarak temellendirilmiştir. Yumuşak hukukun bağlayıcılığının olmaması ve denetim işleyişinin yokluğu Rehber İlkeleri konusunda en önemli eleştiriler arasında yer alırken bir uluslararası antlaşma yapılabilmesi konusunda da uluslararası bir uzlaşı sağlanamamaktadır. Değerlendirme, BM İş Dünyası ve İnsan Hakları Rehber İlkeleri’nin yumuşak hukuk olarak etkinliğini sürdürmesini, sert hukuka dönüşmesini ya da karma biçimde varlık göstermesini savunan görüşlerle süregiden tartışmalar doğrultusunda yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yumuşak Hukuk, Sert Hukuk, BM İş Dünyası ve Rehber İlkeleri, COVID 19

Kaynakça

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