Sınır Adaleti ve AİHM’nin Geçici Tedbir Kararları Üzerine Kritik Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 744 - 773, 24.12.2022

Ekin Deniz Uzun

https://doi.org/10.33433/maruhad.1161165

Öz

Bu makale, günümüz dünyasında sınır adaleti ve mültecilik kavramlarını Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi’nin (AİHM) Mahkeme İçtüzüğü madde 39’da yer alan geçici tedbir kararları ile bağlantılı olarak inceler. Makale mülteci-devlet ilişkisi analizini sınır adaleti terminolojisi bünyesinde konumlandırır. Bununla amaç, uluslararası hukuk düzleminde, devletlerin sınır güvenliği kaygılarına ve mültecilerin sığınma başvurularını değerlendirmek yükümlülüklerine ışık tutmaktır. Devam eden tartışma, sınır adaleti kavramının eleştirel bir incelemesini sağlar ve Avrupa kıtasındaki bazı devletlerin mültecilerin sığınma başvurusu yapmalarını engelleyici yönde tutum gösterdikleri ve onlara karşı hukuka aykırı eylemlerde bulundukları durumları örneklendirerek tartışmasını derinleştirir. Bahsi geçen hukuka aykırı haller, mültecilerin kara veya denizde geri itilmeleri örneklerinde toplanır. Bu bağlamda, AİHM’nin mahkeme içtüzüğünde acil müdahale gerektiren durumlar için uygulanmak üzere düzenlenmiş olan geçici tedbir kararları, geri itme olayları dikkate alınarak irdelenecektir. Çünkü bu kararlar, geri itme operasyonları gibi devletlerin hukuka aykırı eylemlerini durdurucu ve dolayısıyla mülteciyi koruyucu etki gösterebilecek niteliktedir. Nihayetinde makale, uluslararası hukuk bünyesinde mültecilerin korunması için mevcut olan düzenlemeleri, bahsi geçen devletlerin hukuka aykırı uygulamaları ve AİHM’nin bu devlet uygulamaları karşındaki etkinliği ile ortaya çıkan sonuçları kritik bir gözle bir araya getirerek, öneri ve tespitleriyle birlikte analizini tamamlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mülteci, Geri İtme, Sınır Adaleti, Geçici Tedbir Kararı, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi.

Kaynakça

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