THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT POLICIES ON THE FEMINISATION OF LABOUR: TURKEY AS A CASE
Yıl 2004,
, 203 - 217, 30.01.2004
Beyza Ç. Karahasanoğlu Tekin
Kaynakça
- [1] STANDING, G., "Global Feminisation Through Flexible Labour", World Development, Vol.17, No: 7, 1989, pp.1077-1096.
- [2] KARSHENAS, M.; V.M., "Female Employment, Competitiveness and Structural Adjustment in the Middle East and North Africa", Paper to be presented at the Middle East Economic Association (MEEA) Meeting, January 4-6 1997, New Orleans, 1997.
- [3] RAZAVİ, S., "Export-Oriented Employment, Poverty and Gender: Contested Accounts", Development and Change, Vol. 30, 1999, pp. 653-683.
- [4] BADEN, S., "The Impact of Recession on Women ’s Employment in OECD Countries", Paper prepared for the Interdepartmental Project on Equality for Women in Employment, ILO, Geneva, 1993.
- [5] The World’s Women 1995, Trends and Statistics, United Nations, New York, 1995.
- [6] ÇAĞATAY, N.; ÖZLER, Ş., "Feminization of the Labour Force: The Efects of Long-term Development and Structural Adjustment", World Development, Vol. 23, No: 11, pp.1883-1894.
- [7] ÇAĞATAY, N.; BERİK, G., "Transition to Export-led Growth in Turkey: Is there a Feminization of Employment?", Capital and Class, Vol.43, 1991, pp.153- 177.
- [8] ÇAĞATAY, N., "Turkish Women and Structural Adjustment", in 1. Bakker (ed.), The Strategic Silence. Gender and Economic Policy, Zed Books, London, 1994, pp.130-136.
- [9] ELSON, D., "From Survival Strategies to Transformation Strategies: Women’s Needs and Structural Adjustment", in Benena, L. and S. Peldmen (eds.), Unequal Burden, Economic Crises, Persistent Poverty and Women’s Work, Westview Press, Boulder. 1992.
- [10] DREW,E.; EMEREK, R., “Employment, Flexibility and Gender”, in Eileen Drew, Ruth Emerek and Evelyn Mahon (eds.) Women, Work And the Family in Europe, Routledge, London, 1998, pp.89-99.
- [11] DATE-BAH, E., Promoting Gender Equality at Work, ILO Publications, Geneva, 1997.
- [12] "Woman and Structural Adjustment: Selected CaseStudies Commissioned for a Commonwealth Group of Experts", Commonwealth Economic Papers,No: 22, London, 1991.
- [13] The World’s Women 1990, Trends and Statistics, United Nations, New York, 1991.
- [14] ELSON, D., "Gender and adjustment in the 1990s: An Update on evidence and strategies", Background paper for the International Meeting on Economic Distress, Structural Adjustment and Woman, Commonwealth secretariat, London, June 1991.
- [15] From the resolution of the fifieenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, January 1993, concerning statistics ofemployment in the informal sector, System of National Accounts 1993, pp.111-112.
- [16] Human development report 1995, UNDP, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
- [17] ELSON, D., "Appraising Recent Developments in the World Market for Nimble Fingers", in A. Chhachhi and R. Pittin (eds) Confronting State, Capital and Patriarchy: Women Organazing in the Process of Industrialization, Macmillan, in association with the Institute of Social Studies, Basingstoke, 1996, pp. 93-130.
- [18] ERAYDIN, A.; ERENDIL, A., "The Role of Female Labour in Industrial Restructuring: New Production Processes and Labour Market Relations in The Istanbul Clothing Industry", Gender, Place and Culture. Vol.6, No.3, 1999, pp.259-272.
- [19] KAZGAN, G., Tanzimat'tan XXI. Yüzyıla Türkiye Ekonomisi, Birinci Küreselleşmeden İkinci Küreselleşmeye, Altın Kitaplar, İstanbul, 1999.
- [20] ÇINAR, M.E., "Unskilled Urban Migrant Women and Disguised Employment: Home-working Women in Istanbul, Turkey", World Development, Vol.22, No: 3, 1994, pp.369-380.
- [21] ANSAL, H., "Ekonomik Yeniden Yapılanma Sürecinde Kadın Emeği", Türk-İş/97 Yıllığı 1990’ların Değerlendirme Yazıları, Türk-İş Araştırma Merkezi, Cilt 2, Ankara, 1997.
- [22] ACOSTA-BELEN, E.; BOSE, C. E., "Colonialism, Structural Subordination, and Empowerment. Women in the Development Process in Latin America and The Caribbean", in C.E. Bose and E. Acosta-Belén (eds.) Women in the Latin American Development Process, Temple Univ. Press, Philadelphia, 1995, pp.15-36.
- [23] BORATAV, K., Türkiye İktisat Tarihi, Gercek Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1988.
- [24] MORVARIDI, B., "Gender Relations in Agriculture: Women in Turkey", Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol.40, No.3, 1992, pp.567-586.
- [25] SIS 1999 April Household Labour Force Survey Results. State Institute of Statistics, Ankara.
- [26] ECEVIT, Y., "Shop Floor Control. The Ideological Constructing of Turkish Women Factory Workers", in N.Redclift and M.T. Sinclair (eds.), Working Women: International Perspectives on Labour and Gender Ideology, Routledge, London, 1991 , pp.56-78.
- [27] SIS 1989 April Household Labour Force Survey Results, No: 1445, State Institute of Statistics, Ankara, 1991.
- [28] GOLDIN, C., "The U-Shaped Female Labor Force Function in Economics Development and Economic History", in T.P. SCHULTZ (ed.), Investment in Women’s Human Capital, The University of Chicago Press, London, 1995 , pp.61-90.
YAPISAL UYUM POLİTİKALARI ve KADIN İŞGÜCÜ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Yıl 2004,
, 203 - 217, 30.01.2004
Beyza Ç. Karahasanoğlu Tekin
Öz
1970’li yıllar boyunca birçok azgelişmiş ülkede temel kalkınma stratejisi olan ithal ikameci kalkınma politikalarından ihracata yönelik sanayileşme politikalarına geçilmiştir. Geçiş aşamasında uygulanan yapısal dönüşüm ve reform programlarının gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomileri üzerindeki etkisi iktisat literatüründe önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmaların önemli bir kısmı bu politikaların işgücü piyasaları üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaya yöneliktir. İşgücü piyasalarında yaşanan yapısal dönüşümün kadın emeğinin arzı üzerindeki etkisi literatürde üzerinde özellikle durulan bir konu olmuştur. Yapılan çalışmalarda dünya genelinde ithal ikameci kalkınma politikalarından ihracata yönelik kalkınma stratejisine geçişle birlikte kadınların işgücüne katılma oranlarında artış yaşandığı gözlenmiştir. Gelişmekte olan birçok ülkede olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de ithal ikameci sanayileşmeden ihracata yönelik sanayileşme stratejisine geçilirken yapısal uyum politikaları takip edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de 1980 sonrası izlenen yapısal uyum politikalarının kadın işgücüne etkilerini incelemek ve işgücünün kadınlaşması olarak yorumlanan sürecin Türkiye’de yaşanıp yaşanmadığını araştırmaktır.
Kaynakça
- [1] STANDING, G., "Global Feminisation Through Flexible Labour", World Development, Vol.17, No: 7, 1989, pp.1077-1096.
- [2] KARSHENAS, M.; V.M., "Female Employment, Competitiveness and Structural Adjustment in the Middle East and North Africa", Paper to be presented at the Middle East Economic Association (MEEA) Meeting, January 4-6 1997, New Orleans, 1997.
- [3] RAZAVİ, S., "Export-Oriented Employment, Poverty and Gender: Contested Accounts", Development and Change, Vol. 30, 1999, pp. 653-683.
- [4] BADEN, S., "The Impact of Recession on Women ’s Employment in OECD Countries", Paper prepared for the Interdepartmental Project on Equality for Women in Employment, ILO, Geneva, 1993.
- [5] The World’s Women 1995, Trends and Statistics, United Nations, New York, 1995.
- [6] ÇAĞATAY, N.; ÖZLER, Ş., "Feminization of the Labour Force: The Efects of Long-term Development and Structural Adjustment", World Development, Vol. 23, No: 11, pp.1883-1894.
- [7] ÇAĞATAY, N.; BERİK, G., "Transition to Export-led Growth in Turkey: Is there a Feminization of Employment?", Capital and Class, Vol.43, 1991, pp.153- 177.
- [8] ÇAĞATAY, N., "Turkish Women and Structural Adjustment", in 1. Bakker (ed.), The Strategic Silence. Gender and Economic Policy, Zed Books, London, 1994, pp.130-136.
- [9] ELSON, D., "From Survival Strategies to Transformation Strategies: Women’s Needs and Structural Adjustment", in Benena, L. and S. Peldmen (eds.), Unequal Burden, Economic Crises, Persistent Poverty and Women’s Work, Westview Press, Boulder. 1992.
- [10] DREW,E.; EMEREK, R., “Employment, Flexibility and Gender”, in Eileen Drew, Ruth Emerek and Evelyn Mahon (eds.) Women, Work And the Family in Europe, Routledge, London, 1998, pp.89-99.
- [11] DATE-BAH, E., Promoting Gender Equality at Work, ILO Publications, Geneva, 1997.
- [12] "Woman and Structural Adjustment: Selected CaseStudies Commissioned for a Commonwealth Group of Experts", Commonwealth Economic Papers,No: 22, London, 1991.
- [13] The World’s Women 1990, Trends and Statistics, United Nations, New York, 1991.
- [14] ELSON, D., "Gender and adjustment in the 1990s: An Update on evidence and strategies", Background paper for the International Meeting on Economic Distress, Structural Adjustment and Woman, Commonwealth secretariat, London, June 1991.
- [15] From the resolution of the fifieenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, January 1993, concerning statistics ofemployment in the informal sector, System of National Accounts 1993, pp.111-112.
- [16] Human development report 1995, UNDP, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
- [17] ELSON, D., "Appraising Recent Developments in the World Market for Nimble Fingers", in A. Chhachhi and R. Pittin (eds) Confronting State, Capital and Patriarchy: Women Organazing in the Process of Industrialization, Macmillan, in association with the Institute of Social Studies, Basingstoke, 1996, pp. 93-130.
- [18] ERAYDIN, A.; ERENDIL, A., "The Role of Female Labour in Industrial Restructuring: New Production Processes and Labour Market Relations in The Istanbul Clothing Industry", Gender, Place and Culture. Vol.6, No.3, 1999, pp.259-272.
- [19] KAZGAN, G., Tanzimat'tan XXI. Yüzyıla Türkiye Ekonomisi, Birinci Küreselleşmeden İkinci Küreselleşmeye, Altın Kitaplar, İstanbul, 1999.
- [20] ÇINAR, M.E., "Unskilled Urban Migrant Women and Disguised Employment: Home-working Women in Istanbul, Turkey", World Development, Vol.22, No: 3, 1994, pp.369-380.
- [21] ANSAL, H., "Ekonomik Yeniden Yapılanma Sürecinde Kadın Emeği", Türk-İş/97 Yıllığı 1990’ların Değerlendirme Yazıları, Türk-İş Araştırma Merkezi, Cilt 2, Ankara, 1997.
- [22] ACOSTA-BELEN, E.; BOSE, C. E., "Colonialism, Structural Subordination, and Empowerment. Women in the Development Process in Latin America and The Caribbean", in C.E. Bose and E. Acosta-Belén (eds.) Women in the Latin American Development Process, Temple Univ. Press, Philadelphia, 1995, pp.15-36.
- [23] BORATAV, K., Türkiye İktisat Tarihi, Gercek Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1988.
- [24] MORVARIDI, B., "Gender Relations in Agriculture: Women in Turkey", Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol.40, No.3, 1992, pp.567-586.
- [25] SIS 1999 April Household Labour Force Survey Results. State Institute of Statistics, Ankara.
- [26] ECEVIT, Y., "Shop Floor Control. The Ideological Constructing of Turkish Women Factory Workers", in N.Redclift and M.T. Sinclair (eds.), Working Women: International Perspectives on Labour and Gender Ideology, Routledge, London, 1991 , pp.56-78.
- [27] SIS 1989 April Household Labour Force Survey Results, No: 1445, State Institute of Statistics, Ankara, 1991.
- [28] GOLDIN, C., "The U-Shaped Female Labor Force Function in Economics Development and Economic History", in T.P. SCHULTZ (ed.), Investment in Women’s Human Capital, The University of Chicago Press, London, 1995 , pp.61-90.