DİJİTAL VERİNİN FİNANSALLAŞMASI VE PLATFORM KAPİTALİZMİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 58, 665 - 690, 26.07.2022

Zeynep Küçükkıralı , Kerim Eser Afşar

https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.1069841

Öz

Bu çalışmada finansallaşma olgusu, dijital verinin metalaştığı kapitalizmin güncel biçimlerinden biri olan platform kapitalizmi çerçevesinde tartışılmaktadır. Finansallaşma, literatürde çoğunlukla yeni bir birikim rejimi, şirket yönetimlerinin amaç fonksiyonlarının değişmesi ve gündelik hayatın finansallaşması şeklinde üç farklı yaklaşımla ele alınmaktadır. Bu makalede, bu sınıflandırmaya dördüncü bir ayrım eklemeyi öneriyoruz: dijital finansallaşma. Dijital finansallaşma, bireylerin dijital verileri aracılığıyla gözetimi ve bu yolla kâr elde edilmesine olanak sağlayan melez bir alan yaratmak için dijital ve finansal alanların bütünleşmesini ifade eder. Çalışmanın amacı geleneksel finansallaşma argümanlarının, dijital finansallaşma bağlamında geçerliliğini sorgulamak ve finansallaşma analizini dijital veriyi kapsayacak biçimde genişletmektir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, BigTech ve FinTech şirketleri bütünleşik bir dijital-finansal alan oluşturarak dijital veriyi finansallaştırmaktadır. Veriye dayalı finansal kapsayıcılık faaliyetleri, finansın demokratikleşmesi söylemi altında, finansal ürün kullanımını dünya nüfusunun büyük bir kesimine yaymayı amaçlar. Sonuç olarak dijital finansallaşma “bankasız nüfus” dahil olmak üzere geniş kesimlere platformlar aracılığıyla erişim sağlayarak finansallaşmayı genişletmekte ve derinleştirmektedir. Platform kapitalizmi altında geliştirilen iş modellerinin finansallaşma bağlantıları dikkate alındığında, dijital veriye dayalı yeni “sömürü” mekanizmaları oluşabilir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital Finansallaşma, Dijital Veri, Platform Kapitalizmi, Finansal Teknoloji, Dijital Ekonomi

FINANCIALIZATION OF DIGITAL DATA AND PLATFORM CAPITALISM

Öz

In this study, the phenomenon of financialization is discussed within the framework of platform capitalism, which is one of the current forms of capitalism in which digital data is commodified. Financialization is mostly discussed in the literature around three different approaches: new accumulation regime, the change in the purpose functions of company management, and the financialization of daily life. In this article, we propose to add digital financialization as a fourth approach to this classification. Digital financialization refers to the integration of digital and financial realms to create a hybrid realm, based on surveillance of individuals through their digital data and enabling profits in this way. The aim of the study is to question the validity of traditional financialization arguments within the context of digital financialization and to expand financialization analysis to include digital data. According to the findings of the study, BigTech and FinTech companies financialize digital data by creating an integrated digital-financial space. Data-driven financial inclusion activities aim to expand the use of financial products to a large part of the world's population, under the discourse of democratization of finance. As a result, digital financialization expands and deepens financialization by providing access to large segments through platforms, including the “unbanked population”. When financialization links of business models developed under platform capitalism taken into account, new "exploitation" mechanisms based on digital data may occur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital Financialization, Digital Data, Platform Capitalism, Financial Technology, Digital Economy

Kaynakça

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