The Historical Evolution of Total War
Öz
The practice of war has been transformed
dramatically due to the economic, political and social developments which
appeared sequentially since “the Age of Revolution,” as historian Eric
Hobsbawm’s expression. In addition to political formation which based on
nation-state conception boosted by 1789 French Revolution, economic and
technological developments thanks to the Industrial Revolution of 19th century
are milestones of history of civilisation. Technological facilities of the
Industrial Revolution increased the state power and its organisational capacity
as well as production tremendously. Since the end of the 19th century, while
the world was approaching a war because of antagonism derived from
imperialistic struggles. The state developed highly effective mechanisms to
employ the citizens for war efforts. As well as to control and actuate of economic
sources, to transform the citizens into soldiers through education and
propaganda are the basis of that effectiveness. Thereby, it emerged a new kind
of war practice that could mobilise all population and economical sources for
war effort. That practice was called
"Total War" and the best versions of that practice are the World
Wars, especially the second one. In
this article, the emergence of the concept and practice of Total War will be
analysed in a period from the French Revolutionary Wars which based on great
facilities of the Industrial Revolution, to the end of the Second World War.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Aron, R. (1985) The Century of Total War, New York: University Press of America.
- Black, J. (ed.) (2003) Dretnot, Tank ve Uçak: Modern Çağda Savaş Sanatı, 1815-2000, (çev. Yavuz Alogan), İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi.
- Bourke, J. (2001) Öldürmenin Mahrem Tarihi, (çev. Suğra Öncü), İstanbul: Om Yayınları.
- Bröchling, U. (2001) Disiplin, Askeri İtaat Üretiminin Sosyolojisi ve Tarihi, (çev. Veysel Atayman), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
- Buchan, A. (1966) War in Modern Society, London: Collins.
- Clausewitz, C. (1999) Savaş Üzerine, (çev. H. Fahri Çeliker), İstanbul: Özne Yayınları.
- Förster, S. and J. Nagler (eds.) (1997) On the Road to Total War: The American Civil War and the German Wars of Unification, 1861-1871, New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Fuller, J. F. C. (1961) The Conduct of War: 1789-1961, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
Türkçe
Konular
-
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Ersin Embel
Bu kişi benim
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
15 Mart 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi
15 Mart 2016
Kabul Tarihi
-
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2016 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1