Eş Zamanlı Metne Dayalı Çevrim İçi Psikolojik Danışmada Terapötik İlişki
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 301 - 321, 29.12.2022
Çiğdem Gülden
,
Kenan Polat
Öz
Bilgi teknolojisinin hızla ilerlemesi ve bu teknolojinin hayatımızın her alanına yansımış olması, psikolojik danışma alanını da etkilemiştir. Bilgi teknolojilerinin sunduğu bilgisayar temelli yeni psikolojik danışma uygulama imkanlarıyla danışman ve danışanların fiziksel olarak bir araya gelmeden etkileşim kurmaları olanaklı hale gelmiştir. Son yıllarda özellikle de neredeyse tüm dünyayı etkileyen pandemi süreciyle birlikte çevrim içi psikolojik danışmanlık hizmetinin pek çok biçimde verilmesi önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Psikolojik danışmanlığın bu yeni biçimleri beraberinde soru işaretlerini de getirmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, psikolojik danışmanların terapötik bir ilişkinin çevrim içi ortamda başarılı bir şekilde oluşturulup oluşturulamayacağı konusunda endişeleri olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, çevrim içi danışma biçimlerinden biri olan eş zamanlı metne dayalı psikolojik danışmada danışman ve danışan arasındaki terapötik ilişkiyi, çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemeyi amaçlanmaktadır.
Kaynakça
- Ackerman, S. J., Benjamin, L. S., Beutler, L. E., Gelso, C. J., Goldfried, M. R., Hill, C., Lambert, M. J., Norcross, J. C., Orlinsky, D. E., & Rainer, J. (2001). Empirically supported therapy relationships: Conclusions and recommendations of the Division 29 Task Force. Psychotherapy Theory Research Practice Training, 38(4), 495–497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.495
- Agosta, L. (2020). Theory and practice of online therapy. Internet-delivered interventions for individuals, groups, families and organizations. In H. Weinberg & A. Rolnick (Eds.),Empathy in cyberspace the genie is out of the bottle (pp.34-47) Routledge.
- Amos, P. M., Bedu-Addo, P. K. A., & Antwi, T. (2020). Experiences of online counseling among undergraduates in some ghanaian universities. Sage Open, 10(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/215824402094184
- Anthony, K. (2000). Information technology. Counselling in cyberspace. British Association for Counselling, 11(10), 625-627.
- Askjer, S., & Mathiasen, K.(2021). The working alliance in blended versus face-to-face cognitive therapy for depression: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions 25, 1-8. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100404
- Baker, K. D., & Ray, M. (2011). Online counseling: The good, the bad, and the possibilities. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 24(4), 341–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2011.632875
- Barak, A. (1999). Psychological applications on the internet: A discipline on the threshold of a new millennium. Applied and Preventive Psychology 8(4), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(05)80038-1
- Bischoff, R. J. (2004). Considerations in the use of telecommunications as a primary treatment medium: The application of behavioral telehealth to marriage and family therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 32(3), 173-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180490437376
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- Caspar, F., & Berger, T. (2005). The future is bright: How can we optimize online counseling, and how can we know whether we have done so? The Counseling Psychologist, 33(6), 900-909. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005280183
- Chardon, L., Bagraith, K. S., & King, R. J. (2011). Counseling activity in single-session online counseling with adolescents: An adherence study. Psychotherapy Research, 21(5): 583-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2011.592550
- Cohen, G. E., & Kerr, B. A.(1998). Computer-mediated counseling: An empirical study of a new mental health treatment. Computers in Human Services, 15(4), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1300/J407v15n04_02
- Cook, J. E., & Doyne, C. (2002). Working alliance in online therapy as compared to face-to-face therapy: Preliminary results. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 5(2), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102753770480
- Dowling M., & Rickwood D. (2013). Online counseling and therapy for mental health problems: A systematic review of individual synchronous interventions using ChAT. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 31(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2012.728508
- Elleven, R. K., & Allen, J. (2004). Applying technology to online counseling: Suggestions for the beginning e-therapist. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 31(3), 223-227. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ774100
- Fang, L., Tarshis, S., McInroy, L., & Mishna, F. (2018). Undergraduate student experiences with text-based online counseling. British Journal of Social Work, 48(6), 1774–1790. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcx111
- Fenichel, M., Suler, J., Barak, A., Zelvin, E., Jones, G., Munro, K., Meunier, V., & Walker-Schmucker, W. (2002). Myths and realities of online clinical work. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 5(5), 481-497. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102761022904
- Fletcher, L., & Vossler, A. (2009). Trust in online therapeutic relationships: The therapist’s experience. Counselling Psychology Review, 24(2), 24-33. Retrieved from http://oro.open.ac.uk/17204/3/873EF4B0.pdf
- Haberstroh, S. (2009). Strategies and resources for conducting online counseling. Journal of Professional Counseling: Practice, Theory & Research, 37(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15566382.2009.12033857
- Haberstroh, S., Duffey, T. Evans, M, Gee, R., & Trepal, H. (2007). The experience of online counseling. Journal of Mental Health Counseling 29(3), 269-282. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.29.3.j344651261w357v2
- Haberstroh, S., Parr, G., Bradley, L., Morgan-Fleming, B., & Gee, R. (2011). Faciliating online counseling: Perspectives from counselors in training. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86(4), 460-470. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00534.x
- Hackney, H. & Cormier, S. (2008). Psikolojik Danışma İlke ve Teknikleri: Psikolojik Yardım Süreci El Kitabı (T. Ergene ve S. Aydemir Sevim, Çev.). Mentis Yayıncılık.
- Hanley, T. (2009). The working alliance in online therapy with young people: Preliminary findings. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 37(3), 257-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880902956991
- Hunt, S. (2002). In favour of online counselling? Australian Social Work, 55(4), 260-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/03124070208410984
- Glueck, D. (2013). Establishing therapeutic rapport in telemental health. In K. Myers & C. L. Turvey (Eds.), Telemental health: Clinical, technical, and administrative foundations for evidence-based practice (pp. 29-46). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416048-4.00003-8
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The Therapeutic Relationship in Synchronous Text-Based Online Counseling
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 301 - 321, 29.12.2022
Çiğdem Gülden
,
Kenan Polat
Öz
The rapid progress of information technology and the reflection of this technology in every area of our lives have also affected the field of psychological counseling. With the new computer-based psychological counseling application opportunities offered by information technologies, it has become possible for counselors and clients to interact without coming together physically. In recent years, especially with the pandemic process affecting almost the whole world, the provision of online psychological counseling in many forms has increased significantly. These new forms of psychological counseling have brought question marks. Research findings show that counselors have concerns about whether a therapeutic relationship can be successfully created in an online environment. This study aims to examine the therapeutic relationship between counselor and client in synchronous text-based counseling, which is one of the online counseling forms, in terms of various variables.
Kaynakça
- Ackerman, S. J., Benjamin, L. S., Beutler, L. E., Gelso, C. J., Goldfried, M. R., Hill, C., Lambert, M. J., Norcross, J. C., Orlinsky, D. E., & Rainer, J. (2001). Empirically supported therapy relationships: Conclusions and recommendations of the Division 29 Task Force. Psychotherapy Theory Research Practice Training, 38(4), 495–497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.495
- Agosta, L. (2020). Theory and practice of online therapy. Internet-delivered interventions for individuals, groups, families and organizations. In H. Weinberg & A. Rolnick (Eds.),Empathy in cyberspace the genie is out of the bottle (pp.34-47) Routledge.
- Amos, P. M., Bedu-Addo, P. K. A., & Antwi, T. (2020). Experiences of online counseling among undergraduates in some ghanaian universities. Sage Open, 10(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/215824402094184
- Anthony, K. (2000). Information technology. Counselling in cyberspace. British Association for Counselling, 11(10), 625-627.
- Askjer, S., & Mathiasen, K.(2021). The working alliance in blended versus face-to-face cognitive therapy for depression: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions 25, 1-8. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100404
- Baker, K. D., & Ray, M. (2011). Online counseling: The good, the bad, and the possibilities. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 24(4), 341–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2011.632875
- Barak, A. (1999). Psychological applications on the internet: A discipline on the threshold of a new millennium. Applied and Preventive Psychology 8(4), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(05)80038-1
- Bischoff, R. J. (2004). Considerations in the use of telecommunications as a primary treatment medium: The application of behavioral telehealth to marriage and family therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 32(3), 173-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180490437376
- Brown, G. (2012). The working alliance in online counseling for crisis intervention and youth., Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Alberta, Alberta.
- Caspar, F., & Berger, T. (2005). The future is bright: How can we optimize online counseling, and how can we know whether we have done so? The Counseling Psychologist, 33(6), 900-909. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005280183
- Chardon, L., Bagraith, K. S., & King, R. J. (2011). Counseling activity in single-session online counseling with adolescents: An adherence study. Psychotherapy Research, 21(5): 583-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2011.592550
- Cohen, G. E., & Kerr, B. A.(1998). Computer-mediated counseling: An empirical study of a new mental health treatment. Computers in Human Services, 15(4), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1300/J407v15n04_02
- Cook, J. E., & Doyne, C. (2002). Working alliance in online therapy as compared to face-to-face therapy: Preliminary results. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 5(2), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102753770480
- Dowling M., & Rickwood D. (2013). Online counseling and therapy for mental health problems: A systematic review of individual synchronous interventions using ChAT. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 31(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2012.728508
- Elleven, R. K., & Allen, J. (2004). Applying technology to online counseling: Suggestions for the beginning e-therapist. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 31(3), 223-227. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ774100
- Fang, L., Tarshis, S., McInroy, L., & Mishna, F. (2018). Undergraduate student experiences with text-based online counseling. British Journal of Social Work, 48(6), 1774–1790. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcx111
- Fenichel, M., Suler, J., Barak, A., Zelvin, E., Jones, G., Munro, K., Meunier, V., & Walker-Schmucker, W. (2002). Myths and realities of online clinical work. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 5(5), 481-497. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102761022904
- Fletcher, L., & Vossler, A. (2009). Trust in online therapeutic relationships: The therapist’s experience. Counselling Psychology Review, 24(2), 24-33. Retrieved from http://oro.open.ac.uk/17204/3/873EF4B0.pdf
- Haberstroh, S. (2009). Strategies and resources for conducting online counseling. Journal of Professional Counseling: Practice, Theory & Research, 37(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15566382.2009.12033857
- Haberstroh, S., Duffey, T. Evans, M, Gee, R., & Trepal, H. (2007). The experience of online counseling. Journal of Mental Health Counseling 29(3), 269-282. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.29.3.j344651261w357v2
- Haberstroh, S., Parr, G., Bradley, L., Morgan-Fleming, B., & Gee, R. (2011). Faciliating online counseling: Perspectives from counselors in training. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86(4), 460-470. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00534.x
- Hackney, H. & Cormier, S. (2008). Psikolojik Danışma İlke ve Teknikleri: Psikolojik Yardım Süreci El Kitabı (T. Ergene ve S. Aydemir Sevim, Çev.). Mentis Yayıncılık.
- Hanley, T. (2009). The working alliance in online therapy with young people: Preliminary findings. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 37(3), 257-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880902956991
- Hunt, S. (2002). In favour of online counselling? Australian Social Work, 55(4), 260-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/03124070208410984
- Glueck, D. (2013). Establishing therapeutic rapport in telemental health. In K. Myers & C. L. Turvey (Eds.), Telemental health: Clinical, technical, and administrative foundations for evidence-based practice (pp. 29-46). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416048-4.00003-8
- Jeken, L. (2020). The working alliance goes online: A scoping review of text-based internet psychotherapy. (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.
- Kilroe, C. (2010). A needs assessment of potential online counseling service clients. (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.
- Kottler, J. A., & Brown, R. W. (2000). Introduction to therapeutic counseling voices from the field. Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.
- Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2001). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 357-361. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.357
- Kramer, G. M., Mishkind, M. C., Luxton, D. D., & Shore, J. H. (2013). Managing risk and protecting privacy in telemental health: An overview of legal, regulatory, and risk-management issues. In K. Myers & C. L. Turvey (Eds.), Telemental health: Clinical, technical, and administrative foundations for evidence-based practice (pp. 77-108). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416048-4.00006-3
- Lebow, J. (1998). Not just talk, maybe some risk: the therapeutic potentials and pitfalls of computer-mediated conversation. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 24(2), 203-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1998.tb01076.x
- Lunt, P. T. (2004). Adolescents’ willingness to utilize online counseling. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia.
- Mallen, M. J., Jenkins, I. M., Vogel, D. L., & Day, S. X. (2011). Online counseling: An initial examination of the process in a synchronous chat environment. Counseling and Psychotherapy Research, 11(3): 220-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733145.2010.486865
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