CLIMATE CHANGE REPORTING: TURKISH COMPANIES’ VOLUNTARY CARBON DISCLOSURE PROJECT (CDP) DISCLOSURE

Öz

Climate change has been identified as the gravest threat in The World Economic Forum's Global Risk Report since 2016. The main cause of global climate change is the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) is the most common environmental reporting platform in the world that encourages enterprises to disclose information about their goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions on behalf of institutional investors. In this study, data about the responding levels of Turkish companies for CDP questionnaire and their CDP scores are obtained for the period 2010-2018 and then the relationship between being listed in the Sustainability Index and CDP reporting are analyzed. The analyses revealed that, although the number of responding companies has increased over the years, it is still 50% for nonrespondents. Besides, the BIST Sustainability Index, launched in 2014 for sustainability reporting, contributes to CDP Reporting.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Climate Change,Sustainability Reporting,CDP,Sustainability Index

İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ RAPORLAMASI: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ İŞLETMELERİN GÖNÜLLÜ KARBON SAYDAMLIK PROJESİ (CDP) AÇIKLAMALARI

Öz

İklim değişikliği, Dünya Ekonomik Forumu’nun Küresel Risk Raporu’nda 2016 yılından bu yana birinci sırada yer alan tehdit unsuru olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Küresel iklim değişikliğinin temel nedeni, sera gazı emisyonlarında insan faaliyetleri sonucu gözlemlenen artıştır. Karbon Saydamlık Projesi (CDP), sera gazı emisyonlarının azaltılması konusundaki hedeflerine ilişkin ilerleme konularında, işletmelerin kurumsal yatırımcılar aracılığıyla raporlama yapmasını teşvik eden en yaygın çevresel raporlama platformudur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki işletmelerin 2010-2018 yılları arası gönüllü olarak CDP anketine katılım düzeyleri ve aldıkları puanlar yıllar itibariyle incelenmiş olup, sürdürülebilirlik endeksi ile CDP raporlaması arasındaki ilişki irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, CDP’ye yanıt veren işletmelerin sayısının yıllar itibariyle artış gösterdiği, ancak henüz istenilen seviyede olmadığı, yanıt vermeyenlerin oranının %50’nin üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerde sürdürülebilirlik raporlamasını teşvik etmek amacıyla 2014 yılında oluşturulan BIST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksinin CDP Raporlamasına katkı sağladığı anlaşılmaktadır.   

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim Değişikliği,Sürdürülebilirlik Raporlaması,CDP,Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi

Kaynakça

1. Arenas D, Lozano, JM ve Albareda, L. 2009. “The Role of NGOs in CSR: Mutual Perceptions Among Stakeholders”, Journal of Business Ethics 88 (1).
2. Barth, M. and McNichols, M. 1994. “Estimation and Market Valuation of Environmental Liabilities Relating to Superfund Sites,” Journal of Accounting Research 32.
3. Chithambo, L. ve Tauringana, V. 2014. “Company Specific Determinants of Greenhouse Gases disclosures”, Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 26(1).
4. Clarkson, P. M., Li, Y. Richardson, G.D. ve Vasvari, F.P. 2008. “Revisiting the Relation between Environmental Performance and Environmental Disclosure: An Empirical Analysis,” Accounting, Organizations and Society 33(4–5) .
5. Clarkson, P. M., Overell, M. B. ve Chapple, L. 2011. “Environmental Reporting and Its Relation to Corporate Environmental Performance,” Abacus 47(1).
6. Freedman, M. ve Jaggi, B. 2005. “Global Warming, Commitment to the Kyoto Protocol, and Accounting Disclosures by the Largest Global Public Firms from Polluting Industries”, The International Journal of Accounting 40(3).
7. Gonzales-Gonzales, J.M ve Ramirez, C.Z. 2016. “Voluntary Carbon Disclosure by Spanish Companies: An Empirical Analysis”, International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 8(1).
8. Hassel, L., Nilsson, H. ve Nyquist, S. 2005. “The Value Relevance of Environmental Performance,” European Accounting Review 14(1).

9. Hughes, S. B., Anderson, A. ve Golden, S. 2001. “Corporate Environmental Disclosures: Are they Useful in Determining Environmental Performance?” Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 20(3).
10. King, A. ve Lenox, M. “Does It Really Pay to Be Green? An Empirical Study of Firm Environmental and Financial Performance,” Journal of Industrial Ecology 5(1).
11. Kolk, A., Levy, D. ve Pinkse, J. 2008. “Corporate Responses in An Emerging Climate Regime: The Institutionalization and Commesuration of Carbon Disclosure”, European Accounting Review, 17(4).
12. Luo, L., Lan, Y. ve Tang, Q. 2012, “Corporate Incentives to Disclose Carbon Information: Evidence from the CDP Global 500 Report”, Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 23 (2).
13. Murray, A., Sinclair, D., Power, D. ve Gray, R. 2006. “Do Financial Markets Care About Social and Environmental Disclosure,” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 19(2).
14. Pahuja, S., 2009. “Relationship Between Environmental Disclosures and Corporate Characteristics: A Study of Large Manufacturing Companies in India”, Social Responsibility Journal, 5(2).
15. Patten, D., 2002b. “The Relation Between Environmental Performance and Environmental Disclosure: A Research Note,” Accounting, Organizations and Society, 27(8).
16. Peters G.F ve Romi A.M, 2009. “Carbon Disclosure Incentives in a Global Setting: An Empirical Investigation. Working paper, Applied Sustainability Centre, University of Arkansas.
17. Plumlee, M., Brown, D., Hayes, M ve Marshall, R.S. 2010. “Voluntary Environmental Disclosure Quality and Firm Value: Further Evidence,” Working Paper at University of Utah, Portland State University.
18. Plumlee, M., Brown, D. ve Marshall, S. 2008. “The Impact of Voluntary Environmental Disclosure Quality on Firm Value,” Working Paper at University of Utah, Portland State University.
19. Prado-Lorenzo JM, Rodriguez-Dominguez L, Gallego-Alvarez I ve Garcia-Sanchez IM, 2009. “Factors Influencing the Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Companies World-wide”. Management Decision 47(7).
20. Stanny, E. 2010. “Voluntary Disclosures of Emissions by US firms”, Working Paper, Sonoma State University, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id_1454808 (Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2019).
21. Stanny, E. ve Ely, K. 2008. “Corporate Environmental Disclosures About the Effects of Climate Change”, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(6).
22. Sultanoğlu, B. ve Özerhan, Y. 2018. “Sürdürülebilirlik Raporu Kapsamında Çevresel Bilgilerin Raporlanması ve Güvence Denetimi”, Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış Dergisi, 53(17).
23. www.mgm.gov.tr
24. www.wwf.org.tr
25. www.cdp.net
26. https://www.borsaistanbul.com
27. https://cdpturkey.sabanciuniv.edu/tr
28. https://www.cdp.net/en/responses