Re-functioning with BIM and Identifying Suitable Function for the Dar-ul-Aman Palace, Afghanistan

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 654 - 670, 28.07.2025

Abdul Salam Nasımı , Hasan Şehmuz Haştemoğlu

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1586520

Abstract

Historic structures such as Dar-ul-Aman Palace in Afghanistan have significant cultural values in terms of connecting the past, present and future generations. In order to determine the appropriate function for the historical palace, 32 palaces converted into hotels around the world were examined and the main challenges and issues were identified. The aim of the study was to determine the most appropriate function for the palace by considering architectural, structural, economic, social, cultural and environmental factors. For this purpose, the Pourebrahimi model and BIM technology were used to determine the most appropriate function for the palace, and the appropriate function was selected from five functions (museum, library, hotel, school and hospital). As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that Dar-ul-Aman Palace is more suitable as a hotel or tourist accommodation rather than a museum. This re-functioning strategy will both ensure the preservation of the palace and contribute to the development of sustainable tourism. The findings obtained will provide important policy implications for conservation efforts in Afghanistan and will provide a sample framework for other heritage buildings.

Keywords

BIM (building information modeling) revit , re-functioning , Dar-ul-Aman Palace , Afghanistan

Ethical Statement

This article is produced from the master's thesis titled "Use of building information modeling in re-functionalization projects: Darul Aman Palace" completed in the Department of Architecture, Süleyman Demirel University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences

Afganistan'daki Dar-ul-Aman Sarayı'nın BIM ile Yeniden İşlevlendirilmesi ve Uygun İşlevin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Afganistan'daki Dar-ul-Aman Sarayı gibi tarihi yapılar, geçmişi, bugünü ve gelecek nesilleri birbirine bağlaması açısından önemli kültürel değerlere sahiptir. Çalışmada tarihi saraya uygun işlevi belirlemek için, dünya çapında otele dönüştürülen 32 saray incelenmiş, temel zorluklar ve hususlar belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, mimari, yapısal, ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve çevresel faktörleri göz önünde bulundurarak saray için en uygun işlevi belirlemektir. Bunun için, saray için en uygun işlevi belirlemek üzere Pourebrahimi modeli ve BIM teknolojisi kullanılarak, beş işlev (müze, kütüphane, otel, okul ve hastane) arasından uygun işlev seçimi yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, Dar-ul-Aman Sarayı'nın müze işlevinden ziyade otel veya turistik konaklama yeri olarak daha uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu yeniden işlevlendirme stratejisi, sarayın hem korunmasını sağlayacak hem de sürdürülebilir turizmin gelişimine katkı sağlaycaktır. Elde edilen bulgular Afganistan’da koruma çalışmaları açısından önemli politika çıkarımları ve diğer miras yapılar için örnek çerçeve sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

BIM revit , yeniden işlevlendirme , Dar-ul-Aman Sarayı , Afganistan

References

• Ab Saleem, S. A. & Weerakit, N. (2011). Strategies for the development of hospitality SMEs in Kabul, Afghanistan, Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts (JTHCA), 3(1): 63-75. Access Address (10.10.2024): https://fhtm.uitm.edu.my/images/jthca/Vol3Issue1/chap-4.pdf
• Ayoobi, A. W. & Demirkol, H. G. (2021). An evaluation of architectural monuments in Afghanistan as in the capital city, Kabul, Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning, 2(1): 64-85. E-ISSN:2757-6329, Access Address (12.10.2024): https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/ article/view/38
• Azhar, S., Nadeem, A., Mok, J. Y. & Leung, B. H. (2008). Building Information Modeling (BIM): A new paradigm for visual interactive modeling and simulation for construction projects, First International Conference on Construction in Developing Countries, Karachi, Pakistan, Access Address (20.10.2024): https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283118367
• Apaydın B., B. (2007). Conceptional and theoretical analysis of space transformation of buildings in the context of reusage as a hotel, MSc. Thesis, Mimar Sinan fine arts University Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul, 31-138. Access Address (13.10.2024): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp? id=4U6gIlqlQWyVl4R_itlBuQ&no=KWkg5Z0hpgGSsHPlGK3enQ
• Altınoluk, Ü. (1998). Binaların yeniden kullanımı: program, tasarım, uygulama, kullanım. Istanbul: Yapı-Endüstri Merkezi Yayınları.
• Burden, E. E. (2004). Illustrated dictionary of architectural preservation: restoration, renovation, rehabilitation, resuse. New York: McGraw Hill Publising.
• Charlesraj, V. P. C. (2014). Knowledge-based building information modeling (K-BIM) for facilities management, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, New Delhi, 936-941, 2014 Proceedings of the 31st ISARC, Sydney, Australia, ISSN 2413-5844, Access Address (4.9.2024): https://www.iaarc.org/publications/2014_proceedings_of_the_31st_isarc_sydney_australia/ knowledge_based_building_information_modeling_k_bim_for_facilities_management.html
• Doshi, S. & Devi, T. S. (2023). Adaptive reuse of historic buildings. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 5(3): 1-19. E-ISSN: 2582-2160, Access Address (5.8.2024): https://www.ijfmr.com/research-paper.php? id=4002
• Fort González, R., Alvarez de Buergo, M., Mingarro Martı́n, F. & López de Azcona, M. C. (2004). Stone decay in 18th century monuments due to iron corrosion. The Royal Palace, Madrid (Spain), Building and Environment, 39(3): 357-364. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2003.09.012
• Godinho, M., Machete, R., Ponte, M., Falcão, A. P., Gonçalves, A. B., & Bento, R. (2020). BIM as a resource in heritage management: An application for the National Palace of Sintra, Portugal, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 43:153. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.11.010
• Goodwin, E. J. (2008). The World Heritage Convention, the environment, and compliance, Colo. J. Int'l Envtl. L. & Pol'y,Vol 20:2, 157-198. Access Address (23.9.2024): https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/162670713.pdf
• Haştemoğlu, B. & Beyhan, Ş. G. (2017). Isparta Demirci Efe Mansion architectural prespective of analysis and re- functionalisation”, Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 2(1): 17-32. doi: https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.312375
• Hussaini, S. Z. (2017). Reconstruction and Consolidation of Historical Monuments (Dar-ul-Aman Palace, Ministry of Urban Development and Housing Historical Abode, Kabul, Afghanistan.
• Ibrahimi, A. B. (2014.10.23). The Restoration and Adaptive Reuse of Darulaman Palace, Kabul, Afghanistan”, International Conference, The Right to [World] Heritage, Germany 195-205. ISBN 978-3-00-047536-8, Access Address (9.10.2024): https://www.academia.edu/30605205/The_Right_to_World_Heritage
• Issa, C. (2006). Architecture as symbol of national identity in Afghanistan, Geographische Rundschau International Edition, 2(4): 27-32. Access Address (23.9.2024): https://www.daug- online.org/downloads/references/magazine_articles/2006/GR_42006_Architecture_as_a_Symbol_for_natio nal_Identity_Issa.pdf
• Issa, C. & Kohistani, S. M. (2007). Kabul's urban ıdentity: An overview of the socio-political aspects of development, ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia, (104), 51-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.11588/asien.2007.104.15156
• Jackson, L.A. & Naipaul, S. (2008). Isadore sharp & four seasons hotels and resorts: Redefining luxury and building a sustained brand, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 20(2): 44-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2008.11736081
• Kaşlı, B. (2009). Reused industrial buildings in istanbul that are worth to conserve and their interior interventions: a case study / Santralistanbul”, MSc. Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul, 22-31. Access Address (14.10.2024): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp? id=bNhgIqhQrdvu61_nQFzPNw&no=Yhh2LBuXIJA9KoTsxfZtBg
• Koç, M. (2019). Restoration and re-use proposal for Mardin Firdevs Kasrı, MSc. Thesis, Yıldız Technical University, Graduate School of Natural And Applied Sciences, Istanbul, 1-3. Access Address (15.9.2024):https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp? id=PpTFGqRlNPzc1FDRtSUERg&no=49vEa3wgQ7iWcpxVMB6TAQ
• Kurak, A. F. & Konakoğlu, Z. N. (2019). Reconstruction of historical buildings: case of trabzon chamber of architects, Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences, 28:2-7. Access doi: https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.587899
• Kurucaoğlu, S. (2023). Using building information modeling in the interior design process, MSc. Thesis, Balıkesir Üniversity, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Balıkesir, 41-48. Access Address (20.10.2024): https://dspace.balikesir.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12462/13115
• Langston, C., Wong, F. K. W., Hui, E. C. M. & Shen, L.-Y. (2008). Strategic assessment of building adaptive reuse opportunities in Hong Kong, Building and Environment, 43(10): 1709-1718. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.10.017, Access Address (21.10.2024): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S036013230700203X? via%3Dihub
• López, F. J., Lerones, P. M., Llamas, J., Gómez-García-Bermejo, J. & Zalama, E. (2018). Semi-automatic generation of BIM models for cultural heritage, International Journal of Heritage Architecture, 2(2): 293-302. DOI: 10.2495/HA-V2-N2-293-302, Access Address (17.9.2024): https://www.witpress.com/elibrary/ha- volumes/2/2/1833
• Mahrebel, H. A. (2006). Properties, damages, structures, repairing and strengthening techniques in historical buildings, MSc. Thesis, Istanbul Technical university Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 128. Access Address (17.9.2024): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp? id=9ey3VAdJldJF9kZMRZuBkA&no=HChKO1vYRQUiK4empwGYOA
• Mancık, E. (2023). Investigation of the use of BIM technologies in building renovation process, MSc. Thesis, Gebze technical university, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gebze,186. Access Address (8.9.2024): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/830555
• Mazı, F. (2009). Tarihi çevrenin korunmasında sosyo–ekonomik faktörlerin etkisi, Mevzuat Dergisi. Vol 12, p138. ISSN 1306-0767. Access Address (9.9.2024): https://www.mevzuatdergisi.com/2009/06a/01.htm
• Moyano, J., Odriozola, C. P., Nieto-Julián, J. E., Vargas, J. M., Barrera, J. A. & León, J. (2020). Bringing BIM to archaeological heritage: Interdisciplinary method/strategy and accuracy applied to a megalithic monument of the Copper Age, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 45: 303-314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.03.010
• Murtagh, B. & Keaveney, K. (2006). Policy and conflict transformation in the ethnocratic city, Space and Polity, 10(2):187-202. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562570600921683
• Nasimi, A. S. (2023). Use of building information modeling in re-functionalization projects: Darul Aman Palace, MSc. Thesis, Department of Architecture, Süleyman Demirel University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Isparta. 168. Access Address (13.10.2024): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ 882133
• Odabaşı, H. (2022). The heritage building information modelling (heritage BIM) and refunctioning through 3-D documentation of the Mehmet Aga House, MSc. Thesis, Başkent Üniversity, Institute of Science, Ankara. 165. Access Address (14.10.2024): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ 752818
• Pepe, M., Costantino, D., Alfio, V. S., Restuccia, A. G. & Papalino, N. M. (2021). Scan to BIM for the digital management and representation in 3D GIS environment of cultural heritage site. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 50:115-125. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2021.05.006
• Pourebrahimi, M., Eghbali, S. R., Zolfagharzadeh, H. & Ghafori Fard, H. (2019). Modifying Buildings Life Cycle through Identifying Adaptive Reuse Criteria, Journal of Architectural Thought, 3(6): 126-143. doi: 10.30479/at.2019.11683.1325
• Pour Rahimian, F., Seyedzadeh, S., Oliver, S., Rodriguez, S. & Dawood, N. (2020). On-demand monitoring of construction projects through a game-like hybrid application of BIM and machine learning, Automation in Construction, 110:103012. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.103012
• Rokooei, S. (2015). Building ınformation modeling in project management: Necessities, challenges and outcomes. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210: 87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.332
• Santoya Mendoza, O. S. (2019). Reflection paper about Sofitel Legend Santa Clara hotel after my internships, MSc. Thesis, University of Cartagena, CARTAGENA, 9-19. Access Address (16.9.2024): https://repositorio.unicartagena.edu.co/entities/publication/fadd8349-ec81-4520-a712-f7a600fb36f7
• Sinha, D. (2012). Renewing India’s Relationship with Luxury in The Luxury Market in India. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 7-13.
• Tan, Y., Shen, L.Y. & Langston, C. (2014). A fuzzy approach for adaptive reuse selection of industrial buildings in Hong Kong, International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 18(1): 66-76. doi: https://doi.org/10.3846/1648715X.2013.864718
• Tapkı, S. (2016). The example of tourism building in the reuse building questioning of the concept of the identity, MSc. Thesis, Yıldız Technical Üniversity, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul, 148. Access Address (24.10.2024): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ 442592
• Ulusoy, A. Y. (2022). Conservation and re-functioning in the context of historic buildings: Bursa Eski İpek Han, MSc. Thesis, Konya Technical Üniversity, Institute of Graduate Studies, Konya,220. Access Address (22.10.2024): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ 754599
• Üksel, İ. (2009). Traditional Turkish House's transformation of boutique hotel is confronted problems (Safranbolu houses and Sogukcesme Street comparative), MSc. Thesis, Mimar Sinan fine arts University Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul, 312. Access Address (23.10.2024): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ 256592
• Wang, H.-J. & Zeng, Z. T. (2010). A multi-objective decision-making process for reuse selection of historic buildings. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(2): 1241-1249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2009.06.034
• Yabanci, O. (2022). Historic hotel buildings in Istanbul City. Tourism and Heritage Journal, 4 (1):1-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1344/THJ.2022.4.1
• Yang, X., Grussenmeyer, P., Koehl, M., Macher, H., Murtiyoso, A. & Landes, T. (2020). Review of built heritage modelling: Integration of HBIM and other information techniques. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 46:350-360. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.05.008
• Zheng, L., Lu, W., Wu, L. & Zhou, Q. (2023). A review of integration between BIM and CFD for building outdoor environment simulation. Building and Environment, 228: 109862. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109862
• Zhong, B., Gan, C., Luo, H. & Xing, X. (2018). Ontology-based framework for building environmental monitoring and compliance checking under BIM environment. Building and Environment, 141: 127-142. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.05.046