Muhtemelen Atlanılan Bir Tanı: Rubeola Lenfadeniti, Yeniden Alarm Veren Bir Salgın
Yıl 2023,
, 206 - 209, 29.10.2023
Sinem Eser Polat Ünal
,
Sultan Aydin Köker
,
Dinç Süren
Öz
Rubeola (Kızamık) enfeksiyonu, eradikasyon sonrası ülkemizde görülmediğinden ve özellikle göçler sonrası tekrar gündeme gelmesinden dolayı Rubeola lenfadenit vakalarını histopatolojik olarak tanımak ve doğru tanı koyabilmek patologlar için zorlayıcı olabiliyor. Burada nadir rastladığımız bir Rubeola vakasının histopatolojik özelliklerini tanıtmayı amaçladık. İki aydır postauriküler bölgede lenf nodlarında şişlik şikayeti olan 15 yaşındaki Suriyeli göçmen erkek hastanın lenfoma ön tanısı ile lenf nodu ekzisyonu yapıldı. Ekzisyon yapılan lenf nodu, kliniğimizde rutin patolojik sürece tabi tutuldu. Histopatolojik incelemede lenf nodunda kalın fibröz kapsül altında temel yapının korunmuş olduğu görüldü; ancak interfoliküler alanlarda Warthin-Finkeldey-tip dev hücreler dikkati çekti. Lenfoproliferatif neoplazi ile uyumlu görünüm saptanmadı. Olguda histopatolojik olarak Rubeola lenfadeniti bulgularının olduğu hastayı takip eden kliniğe bildirildi. Yapılan incelemede Rubeola IgM pozitif olarak saptanması üzerine olgu, Rubeola enfeksiyonu olarak değerlendirildi. Rubeola, geçmiş yüzyılda aşı geliştirilmeden önce yaygın bir ölümcül enfeksiyöz hastalıktı. Günümüzde aşılama karşıtı tutumdan, göçlerden ve sosyokültürel şartlardan dolayı tekrar epidemi söz konusu oldu. Oldukça nadir görüldüğünden Rubeola lenfadenit vakalarını tanımak ve doğru tanı koyabilmek adına sunduğumuz vakanın patologlara ışık tutmasını umuyoruz.
Kaynakça
- 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles history. https:// www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html. Accessed June 25, 2022.
- 2. Solomon IH, Milner DA Jr. Histopathology of vaccine-preventable diseases. Histopathology. 2017;70(1):109-22. doi: 10.1111/his.13057.
- 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles cases and outbreaks. https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html. Accessed June 25, 2022.
- 4. Gulcu S, Aslan S. Vaccine application on children: a current review. Journal of Duzce University Health Sciences Institute 2018;8(1):34-43.
- 5. Simsek OF. An overview of the extended immunization program. Osmangazi Tip Dergisi (Sosyal Pediatri Özel Sayısı) 2020:6-14. doi: 10.20515/otd.681563
- 6. Hussain A, Ali S, Ahmed M, et al. (July 03, 2018) The Anti-vaccination Movement: A Regression in Modern Medicine . Cureus. 2018;10(7):e2919. doi: 10.7759/cureus.2919.
- 7. Murch S: Separating inflammation from speculation in autism. Lancet. 2003;362(9394):1498-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14699-5.
- 8. Warthin AS. Occurrence of numerous large giant cells in the tonsils and pharyngeal mucosa in the prodromal stage of measles. Arch Pathol. 1931;11:864–74. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-5-1-74_1
- 9. Finkeldey W. Ueber Riesenzellbefunde in den Guamenmandeln, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Histopathologie der Mandelveranderungen im Maserninkubationsstadium. Vichows Arch Pathol Anat. 1931;281:323–9.
- 10. Lapadat R, Nam MW, Mehrotra S, et al. Mulberry cells in the thyroid: Warthin-Finkeldey-like cells in Hashimoto thyroiditis-associated lymphoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 2017;45(3):212–6. doi: 10.1002/dc.23652.
- 11. Aladily T, Bustami N. Follicular Lymphoma Rich in Warthin-Finkeldey Cells. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2021;21(4):668-9. doi: 10.18295/squmj.4.2021.051.
- 12. Fraser KB, Martin SJ. Measles virus and its biology, The pathogenesis of measles. Academic Press, London, 1978:pp 6-11
- 13. Nozawa Y, Ono N, Abe M, et al. An immunohistochemical study of Warthin-Finkeldey cells in measles. Pathol Int. 1994;44(6):442-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1994.tb01708.x.
A Diagnosis that Is Probably Missed: Rubeola Lymphadenitis, an Epidemic that Causes a Renewed Alarm
Yıl 2023,
, 206 - 209, 29.10.2023
Sinem Eser Polat Ünal
,
Sultan Aydin Köker
,
Dinç Süren
Öz
Because Rubeola (measles) infection is not observed in our country after eradication and is especially on the agenda again after migrations, pathologists may find it challenging to histopathologically recognize cases of Rubeola lymphadenitis and establish an accurate diagnosis. Here we describe the histopathological features of a rare Rubeola case. A 15-year-old Syrian migrant male patient was admitted with a complaint of lymph node swelling in the postauricular region for 2 months. Lymph node excision was performed with a preliminary diagnosis of lymphoma. The excised lymph node was subjected to a routine pathological examination in our clinic. Histopathological examination revealed that the basic structure was preserved under the thick fibrous capsule in the lymph node. Warthin-Finkeldey-type giant cells attracted attention in the interfollicular areas. The appearance compatible with lymphoproliferative neoplasia was not detected. The relevant clinic was informed that there were histological signs of Rubeola lymphadenitis upon detection of Rubeola IgM positivity in the examination, the case was evaluated as Rubeola infection. Rubeola was a common deadly infectious disease in the past century before the vaccine was developed. Today, there has been an epidemic again due to vaccine hesitancy, migration, and sociocultural conditions. Because it is exceptionally rare, we hope that the case we present will provide insights to pathologists for recognizing cases of Rubeola lymphadenitis and making precise diagnoses.
Kaynakça
- 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles history. https:// www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html. Accessed June 25, 2022.
- 2. Solomon IH, Milner DA Jr. Histopathology of vaccine-preventable diseases. Histopathology. 2017;70(1):109-22. doi: 10.1111/his.13057.
- 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles cases and outbreaks. https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html. Accessed June 25, 2022.
- 4. Gulcu S, Aslan S. Vaccine application on children: a current review. Journal of Duzce University Health Sciences Institute 2018;8(1):34-43.
- 5. Simsek OF. An overview of the extended immunization program. Osmangazi Tip Dergisi (Sosyal Pediatri Özel Sayısı) 2020:6-14. doi: 10.20515/otd.681563
- 6. Hussain A, Ali S, Ahmed M, et al. (July 03, 2018) The Anti-vaccination Movement: A Regression in Modern Medicine . Cureus. 2018;10(7):e2919. doi: 10.7759/cureus.2919.
- 7. Murch S: Separating inflammation from speculation in autism. Lancet. 2003;362(9394):1498-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14699-5.
- 8. Warthin AS. Occurrence of numerous large giant cells in the tonsils and pharyngeal mucosa in the prodromal stage of measles. Arch Pathol. 1931;11:864–74. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-5-1-74_1
- 9. Finkeldey W. Ueber Riesenzellbefunde in den Guamenmandeln, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Histopathologie der Mandelveranderungen im Maserninkubationsstadium. Vichows Arch Pathol Anat. 1931;281:323–9.
- 10. Lapadat R, Nam MW, Mehrotra S, et al. Mulberry cells in the thyroid: Warthin-Finkeldey-like cells in Hashimoto thyroiditis-associated lymphoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 2017;45(3):212–6. doi: 10.1002/dc.23652.
- 11. Aladily T, Bustami N. Follicular Lymphoma Rich in Warthin-Finkeldey Cells. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2021;21(4):668-9. doi: 10.18295/squmj.4.2021.051.
- 12. Fraser KB, Martin SJ. Measles virus and its biology, The pathogenesis of measles. Academic Press, London, 1978:pp 6-11
- 13. Nozawa Y, Ono N, Abe M, et al. An immunohistochemical study of Warthin-Finkeldey cells in measles. Pathol Int. 1994;44(6):442-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1994.tb01708.x.