Kronik hastalığı olan ergenlerin tedavi uyumuna yönelik deneyimleri: nitel bir çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Kronik hastalığı olan ergenler için tedaviye uyum, sağlıklarını korumak ve komplikasyonları önlemek açısından önemlidir. Tedaviye uyumu etkileyen faktörlerin anlaşılması, onları destekleyecek etkili stratejilerin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olabilir. Bu çalışma, 12-17 yaş aralığında kronik hastalığa sahip ergenlerin tedaviye uyum deneyimlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada kronik hastalığa sahip ergenlerin tedaviye uyumunun önemini tanımlamak, açıklamak ve vurgulamak için betimleyici nitel bir yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Amaçlı örnekleme ile belirlenen en az bir çeşitli kronik hastalığa sahip 12-17 yaş arası 11 ergen çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Veriler, Bilgi Formu ve Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu kullanılarak, Şubat 2022-Ağustos 2024 tarihleri arasında elde edilmiştir. Yüz yüze görüşmeler klinikte hasta odasında gerçekleştirilmiş, veriler içerik analiziyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışma 6’sı kadın, 5’i erkek olmak üzere 11 katılımcı ile tamamlanmış, yaş ortalaması 13.8’dir. Görüşme süresi ortalaması 32.2 dakikadır. Analiz sonucu üç ana tema, sekiz alt tema belirlenmiştir. Ana temalar; (1) tedaviye uyumu zorlaştıran faktörler, (2) tedaviye uyumu teşvik eden faktörler, (3) tedaviye uyum için ergenlerin gereksinimleridir. Alt temalar ise akranları tarafından dışlanma korkusu, ilaç kullanımına ilişkin engeller, ilaç ve hastalık bilgisinin yetersiz olması, tedavi sorumluluğunu almak, sağlık durumunun kötüye gitmesinden korkmak, ilaçlar ile iyileşme umudu taşımak, sosyal destek, sağlık profesyoneline güvenmektir. Sonuç: Bulgular, ergenlerin tedaviye uyumunda bireysel ve sosyal etkenlerin belirleyici olduğunu göstermektedir. Dışlanma korkusu, bilgi eksikliği ve ilaç kullanımına ilişkin zorluklar uyumu olumsuz etkilerken; hastalığı kabullenme, sağlık durumunun kötüleşeceği endişesi, iyileşme umudu, sosyal destek ve sağlık profesyonellerine duyulan güven süreci olumlu etkilemektedir. Bu durum, tedavi sürecinde ergenlerin psikososyal ihtiyaçlarının dikkate alınmasının gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ergen
• hemşirelik
• kronik hastalık
• niteleyici araştırma
• tedavi uyumu

Experiences of adolescents with chronic diseases on treatment adherence: a qualitative study

Öz

Aim: Treatment adherence is crucial for adolescents with chronic diseases to maintain their health and prevent complications. Understanding the factors influencing adherence can contribute to the development of effective supportive strategies. This study aimed to explore the treatment adherence experiences of adolescents aged 12–17 with chronic illnesses. Methods: A descriptive qualitative approach was employed to define, explain, and highlight the significance of adherence among adolescents with chronic diseases. Eleven adolescents aged 12–17 with at least one chronic condition were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Information Form and the Semi-Structured Interview Form between February 2022 and August 2024. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in the patient room, and data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The study included 11 participants (6 female, 5 male) with a mean age of 13.8 years. The average interview duration was 32.2 minutes. Analysis revealed three main themes and eight subthemes. The main themes were: (1) barriers to adherence, (2) facilitators of adherence, and (3) adolescents’ needs for adherence. Subthemes included fear of peer rejection, barriers to treatment use, insufficient knowledge of illness and treatment, assuming responsibility for treatment, fear of health deterioration, hope for recovery through medication, social support, and trust in healthcare professionals. Conclusion: While fear of rejection, lack of knowledge, and challenges with medication hinder adherence, acceptance of illness, fear of deterioration, hope for improvement, social support, and trust in healthcare professionals contribute positively. These results underscore the importance of addressing the psychosocial needs of adolescents in the treatment process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adolescent
• nursing
• chronic disease
• qualitative research
• treatment adherence

Kaynakça

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