Sanal Otizm: Erken Çocuklukta Aşırı Ekran Maruziyetinin Gelişimsel Bir Riski

Öz

Erken çocukluk döneminde ekran kullanımı, gelişim açısından kritik yılların önemli bir parçası olmuştur. Günümüzde ebeveynler, çocuklarını meşgul etmek amacıyla dijital cihazları bir tür dijital emzik olarak kullanabilmektedir. Çocukların bu yoğun ve kontrolsüz ekran kullanımı birçok soruna neden olmaktadır. Bunlardan biri sanal otizmdir. Sanal otizm, çok küçük yaşlarda yoğun ekran kullanımına maruz kalan çocuklarda, otizm spektrum bozukluğuna benzer belirtilerin ortaya çıkmasıyla tanımlanan gelişimsel bir risk kavramıdır. Bu çalışmada, belirlenen veri tabanlarında virtual autism ve sanal otizm anahtar sözcükleriyle yapılan taramalar sonucunda ulaşılan literatür, içerik analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bulgular, sanal otizm kavramının Türkçe literatürde henüz yer almadığını; ancak uluslararası yazında son yıllarda artan biçimde ele alındığını ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmalar, özellikle üç yaş öncesinde uzun süreli ekran maruziyetinin, dil gelişimi, sosyal iletişim, dikkat süresi ve davranışsal düzenleme gibi gelişimsel alanlarda belirgin gecikmelere yol açabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sanal otizme atfedilen belirtiler arasında göz teması kuramama, isme tepki vermeme, dil gecikmesi ve sosyal etkileşimde zayıflık gibi davranışsal örüntüler yer almaktadır. Bu belirtilerin OSB ile örtüşmesi, kavramın literatürde tartışılmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu açıdan sanal otizm kavramının bilimsel geçerliğine yönelik bazı eleştiriler ve kavramın tanı kategorisi olarak kullanılmasına dair endişeler de tartışılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca, sanal otizme yönelik erken müdahale ve önleme stratejileri değerlendirilmiş; erken yaşta ekran kullanımının sınırlandırılması ve ebeveyn-çocuk etkileşimi gibi sosyal etkileşim temelli gelişimsel ortamların sağlanması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• erken çocukluk
• ekran maruziyeti
• Sanal otizm
• otizm benzeri belirtiler
• gelişimsel risk

Virtual Autism: A Developmental Risk of Excessive Screen Exposure in Early Childhood

Öz

In early childhood, screen use has become an integral part of the developmental years. Today, parents may utilize digital devices as a form of digital pacifier to keep their children occupied. Such intensive and uncontrolled exposure to screens leads to a range of developmental concerns, one of which is referred to as virtual autism. Virtual autism is defined as a developmental risk concept characterized by autism-like symptoms observed in young children who are exposed to excessive screen time at very early ages. In this study, the literature retrieved through searches using the keywords virtual autism and sanal otizm across selected databases was examined through content analysis. The findings reveal that while the concept of virtual autism has not yet appeared in the Turkish literature, it has increasingly gained attention in the international research domain in recent years. Studies indicate that prolonged screen exposure before the age of three may lead to notable delays in several developmental areas, including language development, social communication, attention span, and behavioral regulation. Behavioral patterns attributed to virtual autism include lack of eye contact, failure to respond to one’s name, language delay, and weaknesses in social interaction. The overlap of these symptoms with those observed in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has sparked scholarly debate regarding the conceptual boundaries of virtual autism. Accordingly, the scientific validity of the concept and concerns about its use as a diagnostic category have also been discussed. The study further evaluates early intervention and prevention strategies related to virtual autism, emphasizing the necessity of limiting screen use in early childhood and providing socially rich, interaction-based developmental environments such as parent–child engagement.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• early childhood
• screen exposure
• Virtual autism
• autism-like symptoms
• developmental risk

Kaynakça

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