Işık Yayan Diyot (LED) Teknolojisinin Meyve ve Sebzelerin Hasat Sonrası Dönemindeki Uygulamaları

Öz

Katı-haldeki aydınlatma temeline dayanan, ışık yayan diyot (LED) aydınlatma teknolojisinin bahçe bitkilerinin üretimi sırasında ve sonrasında kullanımı son on yılda artış göstermiştir. LED aydınlatma; fotoperiyodizm oluşturmak amaçlı olarak sera üretimlerinde, doku kültürü çalışmalarında ve kontrollü çevre oluşturma çalışmalarında kullanılmaktadır. Kullanılan ışığın kalitesi ürünlerin verim ve kalitesini etkilemektedir. Kızıl ötesi ışık, uzun gün bitkilerinin çiçeklenmesini uyarırken, beyaz ışık fototropizm, kırmızı LED ışık ise fotosentezin arttırılmasında önemlidir. LED aydınlatma teknolojisi bitki büyüme fizyolojisinde olduğu kadar hasat sonrası döneminde de önemli etkilere sahiptir. LED aydınlatma, bitkilerin hasat sonrası depolanması sırasında ikincil metabolitleri etkilemektedir. Mavi LED, çileklerde antioksidant enzim aktivitesini arttırırken, beyaz ışık marullarda karotenoidlerin parçalanmasını yavaşlatmaktadır. Benzer şekilde kırmızı LED ışık, satsuma mandarinlerinde toplam karotenoidleri, brokolide askorbik asit miktarını arttırken, lahanada C vitaminin arttırılmasında mavi ışık daha etkilidir. Ayrıca LED aydınlatma hasat sonraki dönemde ürün yüzeyindeki mikroorganizmaların azaltılması amaçlı olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Tangerinlerde mavi ışık fungal gelişimi azaltırken, çileklerde ultraviyole LED ışık, Botrytis cinerea’nın neden olduğu kurşuni küf gelişimini azaltmıştır. Bu çalışmada, bahçe bitkileri ürünlerinin hasat öncesi döneminde verim ve kaliteyi arttırmada yoğun olarak kullanılan LED aydınlatma teknolojisinin, hasat sonrasındaki kullanım amaçları ve etkileri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: LED, meyve, sebze, hasat sonrası, kalite, mikroorganizma.

Kaynakça

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