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Intercultural Reception of Turkish-Kazakh Ethno-Folk Music in the Digital Age: A Digital Ethnographic Approach

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 149, 110 - 126, 21.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.58242/millifolklor.1724941
https://izlik.org/JA29CT38GS

Öz

Digital platforms are new mediums for the reinterpretation and circulation of cultural heritage. Collective meanings produced on digital platforms permeate cultural boundaries through sustained circulation, connecting local and global currents, and making cultural affinities visible. The transna-tional reach of YouTube and similar platforms not only archives traditional Turkish-Kazakh musical elements, but also grants them living heritage status by transmitting cultural heritage to new genera-tions and enabling its reinterpretation. Through algorithm-mediated global circulation, ethno-folk music performances constitute alternative forms of cultural expression against hegemonic cultural flows. The digital circulation of ethno-folk music emerges as a counter-hegemonic practice that questions the unidirectionality of global cultural flows and enriches the resistance repertoire of local cultural forms by rediscovering local/ethnic music against the uniformizing influence of the Western-based mainstream music industry. On digital platforms, videos reach large audiences, are repeatedly accessed on demand, provide an online digital cultural experience, and thus become a regular part of everyday life and popular culture. Platform algorithms foreground highly interactive content, thereby reaching large audiences, accelerating the daily circulation of popular digital nationalism by mediating repeated viewing, sharing and commenting. This study examines the intercultural reception processes of Turkish-Kazakh ethno-folk music performances circulated on YouTube through a digital ethno-graphic approach and analyzes how they create counter-hegemonic spaces against Western, Russian and Arab cultural hegemonic influences. The study focuses on a total of twelve videos (three videos each by HasSak, TURAN, Baba Zula and Akdeniz Erbaş) and their comments, selected through purposive sampling; the cultural authenticity and symbolic elements of the contents are analyzed in detail in relation to the study’s theoretical framework. Two separate focus group interviews were conducted with seven Turkish and seven Kazakh participants to understand the audience's emotional connections to ethno-folk performances, cultural signification practices and identity negotiations. Data from YouTube video analysis, thematic analysis of comments and focus group interviews reveal the role of ethno-folk music in identity construction processes in the post-liberal era. The collective cultural consciousness revitalized through music becomes the carrier of national identity construction with ethno-folk performances circulating on digital platforms, strengthening the claim that cultural continuity is unbroken. The common interests that the audience develops through com-ments create collective meanings and make remembering the traces of the past more emotional. Such interactions open up space for cultural negotiation and reshape intercultural understanding by direct-ly reaching Generation Z audiences that traditional diplomatic channels cannot reach today. This study examines the circulation practices of Turkish-Kazakh ethno-folk music on digital platforms and critically discusses the formation of the digital habitus as a counter-hegemonic space on the basis of cultural interactions and identity negotiations. The findings show that ethno-folk perfor-mances circulating on digital platforms create transnational cultural convergence through nostalgic imagery and banal nationalism, and construct alternative modernities by rediscovering traditional cultural values.

Kaynakça

  • Akçalı, Emel ve Mehmet Perinçek. “Kemalist Eurasianism: An Emerging Geopolitical Discourse in Turkey.” Geopolitics. 14 (2009): 550-569.
  • Akiner, Shirin. The Formation of Kazakh Identity: From Tribe to Nation-State. Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995.
  • Al-Moradi, Hussein. “Anti-Arab Rhetoric in Turkey: A Growing Concern.” (21 Ekim 2023). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://sites.uab.edu/humanrights/2023/10/21/anti-arab-rhetoric-in-turkey-a-growing-concern/
  • Ang, Ien vd. “Cultural Diplomacy: Beyond the National Interest?” International Journal of Cultural Policy. 4. (2015): 365-381.
  • Appadurai, Arjun. “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy.” Theory, Culture & Society. 2-3. (1990): 295-310.
  • ——.Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
  • Archer, Kevin vd. “Hegemony/Counter-Hegemony: Imagining a New, Post-Nation-State Cartography of Culture in an Age of Globalization.” Globalizations. 1. (2007): 115-136.
  • Atmaca, Ayşe ve Zerrin Torun. “Geopolitical Visions in Turkish Foreign Policy.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 24. (2021): 114-137.
  • Baumann, Mario. “Eurasianist Rhetoric in Russia and Kazakhstan. Negotiating Hegemony Through Different Visions of Society.” Central Asia and the Caucasus. 1. (2018): 34-42.
  • Billig, Michael. Banal Nationalism. London: Sage, 1995.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. Ayrım: Beğeni Yargısının Toplumsal Eleştirisi. (Çev. D. Fırat ve G. Berkkurt). İstanbul: Heretik, 2015.
  • ——.Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
  • ——.The Logic of Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
  • Boym, Svetlana. The Future of Nostalgia. NY: Basic Books, 2001.
  • Buğra, Ayşe ve Osman Savaşkan. New Capitalism in Turkey: The Relationship Between Politics, Religion and Business. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2014.
  • Burgess, Jean ve Joshua Green. YouTube: Online Video and Participatory Culture. Cambridge: Polity, 2009.
  • Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
  • ——.The power of identity (Vol. 14). UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
  • Chau, Clement. “YouTube as a Participatory Culture.” New Directions for Youth Development. 128. (2010): 65-74.
  • Clifford, James. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.
  • Creswell J. W. Research designs. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. CA: Sage, 2009.
  • Dubuisson, Eva-Marie. Living Language in Kazakhstan: The Dialogic Emergence of an Ancestral Worldview. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2017.
  • Fox, Jon E. ve Cynthia Miller-Idriss. “Everyday Nationhood.” Ethnicities. 4. (2008): 536-563.
  • Grillo, Ralph D. “Cultural Essentialism and Cultural Anxiety.” Anthropological Theory. 2. (2003): 157-173.
  • Halbwachs, Maurice. Kolektif Bellek. (Çev. Z. Karagöz). İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık, 2019.
  • Heaney, Jonathan. “Emotions and Nationalism: A Reappraisal.” Emotions in Politics. (Ed. N. Demertzis). London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013: 243-263.
  • Isaacs, Rico ve Abel Polese. “Between ‘Imagined’ and ‘Real’ Nation-Building: Identities and Nationhood in Post-Soviet Central Asia.” Nationalities Papers. 3. (2015): 371-382.
  • Kahveci, H., & Bonnenfant, I. K. “Turkish Foreign Policy Towards Central Asia: An Unfolding of Regionalism and Soft Power.” All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace, 2. (2023): 195-218.
  • Kim, Do Kyun ve Min-Sun Kim. Hallyu: Influence of Korean Popular Culture in Asia and Beyond. Seoul: Seoul National University, 2011.
  • Kozinets, Robert V. Netnography: The Essential Guide to Qualitative Social Media Research. London: SAGE, 2019.
  • Kundakbayeva, Zhanat ve Didar Kassymova. “Remembering and Forgetting: The State Policy of Memorializing Stalin’s Repression in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan.” Nationalities Papers. 4. (2016): 611-627.
  • Lam, Peng Er. “Japan’s Quest for ‘Soft Power’: Attraction and Limitation.” East Asia. 4. (2007): 349–363.
  • Lange, Patricia. Thanks for Watching: An Anthropological Study of Video Sharing on YouTube. Colorado: University Press of Colorado, 2019.
  • Levitt, Peggy ve Nina Glick Schiller. “Conceptualizing Simultaneity: A Transnational Social Field Perspective on Society.” International Migration Review. 3. (2004): 1002-1039.
  • Madianou, M. Mediating the Nation. London: Routledge, 2012
  • Mittelman, James H. Whither. Globalization? The Vortex of Knowledge and Ideology. London: Routledge, 2004.
  • Ökten, Serkan. “Kültürel Diploması ve Medya.” Türkiye'nin Yumuşak Güç Enstrümanı Olarak Kültürel Diplomasi ve İletişim. Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı Yayınları, 2022: 97-146.
  • Purtaş, Fırat. “Uluslararası Türk Kültürü Teşkilatı.” Türk Cumhuriyetleri ve Toplulukları Yıllığı (Ed. M.T. Demirtepe ve M. Yılmaz). 2013:593-598.
  • Rancier, Megan. “Resurrecting the Nomads: Historical Nostalgia and Modern Nationalism in Contemporary Kazakh Popular Music Videos.” Popular Music and Society. 3. (2009): 387–405.
  • Rice, Timothy. “Reflections on Music and Identity in Ethnomusicology.” Musicology. (2007): 17-38.
  • Rieder, Bernhard vd. “From Ranking Algorithms to 'Ranking Cultures': Investigating the Modulation of Visibility in YouTube Search Results.” Convergence. 1. (2018): 50-68.
  • Romanova, Anna ve Dmitry Chernichkin. “Turkey and Pan-Turkism Influence on the Development of New National Identities in the Caspian Region: The Evidence from Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.” RUDN Journal of Political Science. (2024).
  • Smith, Anthony D. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History. Cambridge: Polity, 2001.
  • Soini, Katriina ve Inger Birkeland. “Exploring the Scientific Discourse on Cultural Sustainability.” Geoforum. 51. (2014): 213-223.
  • UNESCO. “Kazakh Traditional Art of Dombra Kuy.” (2014). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kazakh-traditional-art-of-dombra-kuy-00996
  • ——.“Orteke, Traditional Performing Art in Kazakhstan: Dance, Puppet and Music.” (2022). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/orteke-traditional-performing-art-in-kazakhstan-dance-puppet-and-music- 01878
  • Wacquant, Loïc. “A Concise Genealogy and Anatomy of Habitus.” The Sociological Review. 1. (2016): 64-72.
  • Wilson-Lopez, A. vd. “An Inquiry into the Use of Intercoder Reliability Measures in Qualitative Research”.ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. Haziran 2019.
  • Yessenova, Saulesh. “Routes and Roots of Kazakh Identity: Urban Migration in Postsocialist Kazakhstan.” The Russian Review. 4. (2005): 661-679.

Dijital Çağda Türk-Kazak Etno-Folk Müziğinin Kültürlerarası Alımlanması: Dijital Etnografik Bir Yaklaşım

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 149, 110 - 126, 21.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.58242/millifolklor.1724941
https://izlik.org/JA29CT38GS

Öz

Dijital platformlar, kültürel mirasın yeniden yorumlanması ve dolaşımı için yeni mecralardır. Dijital platformlarda üretilen kolektif anlamlar, süreklilik kazanarak kültürel sınırları geçirgenleştirir, yerel ve küresel akımları birleştirir ve kültürel yakınlıkları görünür kılar. YouTube ve benzeri plat-formların sağladığı ulusötesi erişim olanakları, geleneksel Türk-Kazak müzikal unsurlarını sadece arşivlemekle kalmayıp, kültürel mirası yeni nesillere ulaştırarak ve yeniden yorumlanmasını sağlaya-rak yaşayan miras statüsü kazandırır. Etno-folk müzik performansları, algoritma-aracılı küresel dolaşım sayesinde, hegemonik kültürel akışlara karşı alternatif kültürel ifade biçimleri oluşturmakta-dır. Etno-folk müziğin dijital dolaşımı, Batı tandaslı ana akım müzik endüstrisinin tektipleştirici etkisine karşı yerel/etnik müziği yeniden keşfederek, küresel kültürel akışların tek yönlülüğünü sorgulayan ve yerel kültürel formların direniş repertuarını zenginleştiren karşı-hegemonik bir pratik olarak belirginleşir. Dijital platformlarda videolar geniş kitlelere ulaşabilmekte, istenilen her zaman defalarca izlenilebilmekte, çevrimiçi dijital bir kültür deneyimi yaşatmakta ve bu sayede gündelik hayatın ve popüler kültürün olağan parçaları hâline gelmektedir. Algoritma yüksek etkileşimli içerik-leri görünürlük açısından öne çıkararak geniş kitlelere ulaştırmakta, tekrar tekrar izlenilmesini, payla-şılmasını ve yorum yapılabilmesine aracılık ederek popüler dijital milliyetçiliğin gündelik dolaşımını hızlandırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, YouTube’ta dolaşıma giren Türk-Kazak etno-folk müzik performans-larının kültürlerarası alımlanma süreçlerini dijital etnografik bir yaklaşımla incelemekte ve Batı, Rus ve Arap kültürel hegemonik etkilerine karşı nasıl karşı-hegemonik alanlar yarattığını analiz etmekte-dir. Araştırmada amaçlı örneklem doğrultusunda seçilen toplam on iki video (HasSak, TURAN, Baba Zula ve Akdeniz Erbaş’ın üçer videosu) ve yorumları üzerine odaklanılmış; içeriklerin kültürel özgünlüğü ve sembolik unsurları teorik çerçevemizle ilişkisi ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. İzleyicile-rin etno-folk performanslarla kurdukları duygusal bağları, kültürel anlamlandırma pratiklerini ve kimlik müzakerelerini anlamak için yedi Türk ve yedi Kazak katılımcıyla iki ayrı odak grup görüş-mesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. YouTube video analizleri, yorumların tematik incelemesi ve odak grup görüşmelerinden elde edilen veriler, etno-folk müziğin post-liberal dönemde kimlik inşa süreçlerin-deki rolünü ortaya koymaktadır. Müzik aracılığıyla canlandırılan kolektif kültürel bilinç, dijital plat-formlarda dolaşıma giren etno-folk performanslarla birlikte ulusal kimlik inşasının taşıyıcısı hâline gelmekte ve kültürel sürekliliğin kopmadığı iddiasını güçlendirmektedir. İzleyicilerin yorumlar üze-rinden geliştirdikleri ortak ilgiler, kolektif anlamlar yaratarak geçmişin izlerini hatırlamayı daha duy-gusal bir noktaya taşımaktadır. Bu tarz etkileşimler, kültürel müzakere için alan açar ve günümüzde gelenekselleşmiş diplomatik kanalların erişemediği Z Kuşağı izleyicilerine doğrudan ulaşarak kültür-lerarası anlayışı yeniden şekillendirir. Bu çalışma, Türk-Kazak etno-folk müziğinin dijital mecralar-daki dolaşım pratiklerini inceleyerek dijital habitusun karşı hegemonik bir alan olarak biçimlenmesi-ni, kültürel etkileşimler ve kimlik müzakereleri temelinde eleştirel tartışır. Bulgular, dijital platform-larda dolaşıma giren etno-folk performansların, nostaljik imgelem ve banal milliyetçilik pratikleri aracılığıyla ulusötesi kültürel yakınlaşma yarattığını, geleneksel kültürel değerlerin yeniden keşfini sağlayarak alternatif modernlikler inşa ettiğini göstermektedir.

Etik Beyan

Araştırma, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi Araştırma Etik Komitesi tarafından 20.03.2025 tarihli ve E-15207191-050.99-212544 sayılı kararı ile onaylanmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Teşekkür

-

Kaynakça

  • Akçalı, Emel ve Mehmet Perinçek. “Kemalist Eurasianism: An Emerging Geopolitical Discourse in Turkey.” Geopolitics. 14 (2009): 550-569.
  • Akiner, Shirin. The Formation of Kazakh Identity: From Tribe to Nation-State. Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995.
  • Al-Moradi, Hussein. “Anti-Arab Rhetoric in Turkey: A Growing Concern.” (21 Ekim 2023). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://sites.uab.edu/humanrights/2023/10/21/anti-arab-rhetoric-in-turkey-a-growing-concern/
  • Ang, Ien vd. “Cultural Diplomacy: Beyond the National Interest?” International Journal of Cultural Policy. 4. (2015): 365-381.
  • Appadurai, Arjun. “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy.” Theory, Culture & Society. 2-3. (1990): 295-310.
  • ——.Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
  • Archer, Kevin vd. “Hegemony/Counter-Hegemony: Imagining a New, Post-Nation-State Cartography of Culture in an Age of Globalization.” Globalizations. 1. (2007): 115-136.
  • Atmaca, Ayşe ve Zerrin Torun. “Geopolitical Visions in Turkish Foreign Policy.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 24. (2021): 114-137.
  • Baumann, Mario. “Eurasianist Rhetoric in Russia and Kazakhstan. Negotiating Hegemony Through Different Visions of Society.” Central Asia and the Caucasus. 1. (2018): 34-42.
  • Billig, Michael. Banal Nationalism. London: Sage, 1995.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. Ayrım: Beğeni Yargısının Toplumsal Eleştirisi. (Çev. D. Fırat ve G. Berkkurt). İstanbul: Heretik, 2015.
  • ——.Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
  • ——.The Logic of Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
  • Boym, Svetlana. The Future of Nostalgia. NY: Basic Books, 2001.
  • Buğra, Ayşe ve Osman Savaşkan. New Capitalism in Turkey: The Relationship Between Politics, Religion and Business. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2014.
  • Burgess, Jean ve Joshua Green. YouTube: Online Video and Participatory Culture. Cambridge: Polity, 2009.
  • Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
  • ——.The power of identity (Vol. 14). UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
  • Chau, Clement. “YouTube as a Participatory Culture.” New Directions for Youth Development. 128. (2010): 65-74.
  • Clifford, James. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.
  • Creswell J. W. Research designs. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. CA: Sage, 2009.
  • Dubuisson, Eva-Marie. Living Language in Kazakhstan: The Dialogic Emergence of an Ancestral Worldview. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2017.
  • Fox, Jon E. ve Cynthia Miller-Idriss. “Everyday Nationhood.” Ethnicities. 4. (2008): 536-563.
  • Grillo, Ralph D. “Cultural Essentialism and Cultural Anxiety.” Anthropological Theory. 2. (2003): 157-173.
  • Halbwachs, Maurice. Kolektif Bellek. (Çev. Z. Karagöz). İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık, 2019.
  • Heaney, Jonathan. “Emotions and Nationalism: A Reappraisal.” Emotions in Politics. (Ed. N. Demertzis). London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013: 243-263.
  • Isaacs, Rico ve Abel Polese. “Between ‘Imagined’ and ‘Real’ Nation-Building: Identities and Nationhood in Post-Soviet Central Asia.” Nationalities Papers. 3. (2015): 371-382.
  • Kahveci, H., & Bonnenfant, I. K. “Turkish Foreign Policy Towards Central Asia: An Unfolding of Regionalism and Soft Power.” All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace, 2. (2023): 195-218.
  • Kim, Do Kyun ve Min-Sun Kim. Hallyu: Influence of Korean Popular Culture in Asia and Beyond. Seoul: Seoul National University, 2011.
  • Kozinets, Robert V. Netnography: The Essential Guide to Qualitative Social Media Research. London: SAGE, 2019.
  • Kundakbayeva, Zhanat ve Didar Kassymova. “Remembering and Forgetting: The State Policy of Memorializing Stalin’s Repression in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan.” Nationalities Papers. 4. (2016): 611-627.
  • Lam, Peng Er. “Japan’s Quest for ‘Soft Power’: Attraction and Limitation.” East Asia. 4. (2007): 349–363.
  • Lange, Patricia. Thanks for Watching: An Anthropological Study of Video Sharing on YouTube. Colorado: University Press of Colorado, 2019.
  • Levitt, Peggy ve Nina Glick Schiller. “Conceptualizing Simultaneity: A Transnational Social Field Perspective on Society.” International Migration Review. 3. (2004): 1002-1039.
  • Madianou, M. Mediating the Nation. London: Routledge, 2012
  • Mittelman, James H. Whither. Globalization? The Vortex of Knowledge and Ideology. London: Routledge, 2004.
  • Ökten, Serkan. “Kültürel Diploması ve Medya.” Türkiye'nin Yumuşak Güç Enstrümanı Olarak Kültürel Diplomasi ve İletişim. Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı Yayınları, 2022: 97-146.
  • Purtaş, Fırat. “Uluslararası Türk Kültürü Teşkilatı.” Türk Cumhuriyetleri ve Toplulukları Yıllığı (Ed. M.T. Demirtepe ve M. Yılmaz). 2013:593-598.
  • Rancier, Megan. “Resurrecting the Nomads: Historical Nostalgia and Modern Nationalism in Contemporary Kazakh Popular Music Videos.” Popular Music and Society. 3. (2009): 387–405.
  • Rice, Timothy. “Reflections on Music and Identity in Ethnomusicology.” Musicology. (2007): 17-38.
  • Rieder, Bernhard vd. “From Ranking Algorithms to 'Ranking Cultures': Investigating the Modulation of Visibility in YouTube Search Results.” Convergence. 1. (2018): 50-68.
  • Romanova, Anna ve Dmitry Chernichkin. “Turkey and Pan-Turkism Influence on the Development of New National Identities in the Caspian Region: The Evidence from Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.” RUDN Journal of Political Science. (2024).
  • Smith, Anthony D. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History. Cambridge: Polity, 2001.
  • Soini, Katriina ve Inger Birkeland. “Exploring the Scientific Discourse on Cultural Sustainability.” Geoforum. 51. (2014): 213-223.
  • UNESCO. “Kazakh Traditional Art of Dombra Kuy.” (2014). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kazakh-traditional-art-of-dombra-kuy-00996
  • ——.“Orteke, Traditional Performing Art in Kazakhstan: Dance, Puppet and Music.” (2022). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/orteke-traditional-performing-art-in-kazakhstan-dance-puppet-and-music- 01878
  • Wacquant, Loïc. “A Concise Genealogy and Anatomy of Habitus.” The Sociological Review. 1. (2016): 64-72.
  • Wilson-Lopez, A. vd. “An Inquiry into the Use of Intercoder Reliability Measures in Qualitative Research”.ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. Haziran 2019.
  • Yessenova, Saulesh. “Routes and Roots of Kazakh Identity: Urban Migration in Postsocialist Kazakhstan.” The Russian Review. 4. (2005): 661-679.

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 149, 110 - 126, 21.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.58242/millifolklor.1724941
https://izlik.org/JA29CT38GS

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akçalı, Emel ve Mehmet Perinçek. “Kemalist Eurasianism: An Emerging Geopolitical Discourse in Turkey.” Geopolitics. 14 (2009): 550-569.
  • Akiner, Shirin. The Formation of Kazakh Identity: From Tribe to Nation-State. Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995.
  • Al-Moradi, Hussein. “Anti-Arab Rhetoric in Turkey: A Growing Concern.” (21 Ekim 2023). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://sites.uab.edu/humanrights/2023/10/21/anti-arab-rhetoric-in-turkey-a-growing-concern/
  • Ang, Ien vd. “Cultural Diplomacy: Beyond the National Interest?” International Journal of Cultural Policy. 4. (2015): 365-381.
  • Appadurai, Arjun. “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy.” Theory, Culture & Society. 2-3. (1990): 295-310.
  • ——.Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
  • Archer, Kevin vd. “Hegemony/Counter-Hegemony: Imagining a New, Post-Nation-State Cartography of Culture in an Age of Globalization.” Globalizations. 1. (2007): 115-136.
  • Atmaca, Ayşe ve Zerrin Torun. “Geopolitical Visions in Turkish Foreign Policy.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 24. (2021): 114-137.
  • Baumann, Mario. “Eurasianist Rhetoric in Russia and Kazakhstan. Negotiating Hegemony Through Different Visions of Society.” Central Asia and the Caucasus. 1. (2018): 34-42.
  • Billig, Michael. Banal Nationalism. London: Sage, 1995.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. Ayrım: Beğeni Yargısının Toplumsal Eleştirisi. (Çev. D. Fırat ve G. Berkkurt). İstanbul: Heretik, 2015.
  • ——.Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
  • ——.The Logic of Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
  • Boym, Svetlana. The Future of Nostalgia. NY: Basic Books, 2001.
  • Buğra, Ayşe ve Osman Savaşkan. New Capitalism in Turkey: The Relationship Between Politics, Religion and Business. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2014.
  • Burgess, Jean ve Joshua Green. YouTube: Online Video and Participatory Culture. Cambridge: Polity, 2009.
  • Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
  • ——.The power of identity (Vol. 14). UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
  • Chau, Clement. “YouTube as a Participatory Culture.” New Directions for Youth Development. 128. (2010): 65-74.
  • Clifford, James. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.
  • Creswell J. W. Research designs. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. CA: Sage, 2009.
  • Dubuisson, Eva-Marie. Living Language in Kazakhstan: The Dialogic Emergence of an Ancestral Worldview. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2017.
  • Fox, Jon E. ve Cynthia Miller-Idriss. “Everyday Nationhood.” Ethnicities. 4. (2008): 536-563.
  • Grillo, Ralph D. “Cultural Essentialism and Cultural Anxiety.” Anthropological Theory. 2. (2003): 157-173.
  • Halbwachs, Maurice. Kolektif Bellek. (Çev. Z. Karagöz). İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık, 2019.
  • Heaney, Jonathan. “Emotions and Nationalism: A Reappraisal.” Emotions in Politics. (Ed. N. Demertzis). London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013: 243-263.
  • Isaacs, Rico ve Abel Polese. “Between ‘Imagined’ and ‘Real’ Nation-Building: Identities and Nationhood in Post-Soviet Central Asia.” Nationalities Papers. 3. (2015): 371-382.
  • Kahveci, H., & Bonnenfant, I. K. “Turkish Foreign Policy Towards Central Asia: An Unfolding of Regionalism and Soft Power.” All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace, 2. (2023): 195-218.
  • Kim, Do Kyun ve Min-Sun Kim. Hallyu: Influence of Korean Popular Culture in Asia and Beyond. Seoul: Seoul National University, 2011.
  • Kozinets, Robert V. Netnography: The Essential Guide to Qualitative Social Media Research. London: SAGE, 2019.
  • Kundakbayeva, Zhanat ve Didar Kassymova. “Remembering and Forgetting: The State Policy of Memorializing Stalin’s Repression in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan.” Nationalities Papers. 4. (2016): 611-627.
  • Lam, Peng Er. “Japan’s Quest for ‘Soft Power’: Attraction and Limitation.” East Asia. 4. (2007): 349–363.
  • Lange, Patricia. Thanks for Watching: An Anthropological Study of Video Sharing on YouTube. Colorado: University Press of Colorado, 2019.
  • Levitt, Peggy ve Nina Glick Schiller. “Conceptualizing Simultaneity: A Transnational Social Field Perspective on Society.” International Migration Review. 3. (2004): 1002-1039.
  • Madianou, M. Mediating the Nation. London: Routledge, 2012
  • Mittelman, James H. Whither. Globalization? The Vortex of Knowledge and Ideology. London: Routledge, 2004.
  • Ökten, Serkan. “Kültürel Diploması ve Medya.” Türkiye'nin Yumuşak Güç Enstrümanı Olarak Kültürel Diplomasi ve İletişim. Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı Yayınları, 2022: 97-146.
  • Purtaş, Fırat. “Uluslararası Türk Kültürü Teşkilatı.” Türk Cumhuriyetleri ve Toplulukları Yıllığı (Ed. M.T. Demirtepe ve M. Yılmaz). 2013:593-598.
  • Rancier, Megan. “Resurrecting the Nomads: Historical Nostalgia and Modern Nationalism in Contemporary Kazakh Popular Music Videos.” Popular Music and Society. 3. (2009): 387–405.
  • Rice, Timothy. “Reflections on Music and Identity in Ethnomusicology.” Musicology. (2007): 17-38.
  • Rieder, Bernhard vd. “From Ranking Algorithms to 'Ranking Cultures': Investigating the Modulation of Visibility in YouTube Search Results.” Convergence. 1. (2018): 50-68.
  • Romanova, Anna ve Dmitry Chernichkin. “Turkey and Pan-Turkism Influence on the Development of New National Identities in the Caspian Region: The Evidence from Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.” RUDN Journal of Political Science. (2024).
  • Smith, Anthony D. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History. Cambridge: Polity, 2001.
  • Soini, Katriina ve Inger Birkeland. “Exploring the Scientific Discourse on Cultural Sustainability.” Geoforum. 51. (2014): 213-223.
  • UNESCO. “Kazakh Traditional Art of Dombra Kuy.” (2014). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kazakh-traditional-art-of-dombra-kuy-00996
  • ——.“Orteke, Traditional Performing Art in Kazakhstan: Dance, Puppet and Music.” (2022). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/orteke-traditional-performing-art-in-kazakhstan-dance-puppet-and-music- 01878
  • Wacquant, Loïc. “A Concise Genealogy and Anatomy of Habitus.” The Sociological Review. 1. (2016): 64-72.
  • Wilson-Lopez, A. vd. “An Inquiry into the Use of Intercoder Reliability Measures in Qualitative Research”.ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. Haziran 2019.
  • Yessenova, Saulesh. “Routes and Roots of Kazakh Identity: Urban Migration in Postsocialist Kazakhstan.” The Russian Review. 4. (2005): 661-679.

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 149, 110 - 126, 21.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.58242/millifolklor.1724941
https://izlik.org/JA29CT38GS

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akçalı, Emel ve Mehmet Perinçek. “Kemalist Eurasianism: An Emerging Geopolitical Discourse in Turkey.” Geopolitics. 14 (2009): 550-569.
  • Akiner, Shirin. The Formation of Kazakh Identity: From Tribe to Nation-State. Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995.
  • Al-Moradi, Hussein. “Anti-Arab Rhetoric in Turkey: A Growing Concern.” (21 Ekim 2023). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://sites.uab.edu/humanrights/2023/10/21/anti-arab-rhetoric-in-turkey-a-growing-concern/
  • Ang, Ien vd. “Cultural Diplomacy: Beyond the National Interest?” International Journal of Cultural Policy. 4. (2015): 365-381.
  • Appadurai, Arjun. “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy.” Theory, Culture & Society. 2-3. (1990): 295-310.
  • ——.Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
  • Archer, Kevin vd. “Hegemony/Counter-Hegemony: Imagining a New, Post-Nation-State Cartography of Culture in an Age of Globalization.” Globalizations. 1. (2007): 115-136.
  • Atmaca, Ayşe ve Zerrin Torun. “Geopolitical Visions in Turkish Foreign Policy.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 24. (2021): 114-137.
  • Baumann, Mario. “Eurasianist Rhetoric in Russia and Kazakhstan. Negotiating Hegemony Through Different Visions of Society.” Central Asia and the Caucasus. 1. (2018): 34-42.
  • Billig, Michael. Banal Nationalism. London: Sage, 1995.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. Ayrım: Beğeni Yargısının Toplumsal Eleştirisi. (Çev. D. Fırat ve G. Berkkurt). İstanbul: Heretik, 2015.
  • ——.Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
  • ——.The Logic of Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
  • Boym, Svetlana. The Future of Nostalgia. NY: Basic Books, 2001.
  • Buğra, Ayşe ve Osman Savaşkan. New Capitalism in Turkey: The Relationship Between Politics, Religion and Business. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2014.
  • Burgess, Jean ve Joshua Green. YouTube: Online Video and Participatory Culture. Cambridge: Polity, 2009.
  • Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
  • ——.The power of identity (Vol. 14). UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
  • Chau, Clement. “YouTube as a Participatory Culture.” New Directions for Youth Development. 128. (2010): 65-74.
  • Clifford, James. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.
  • Creswell J. W. Research designs. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. CA: Sage, 2009.
  • Dubuisson, Eva-Marie. Living Language in Kazakhstan: The Dialogic Emergence of an Ancestral Worldview. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2017.
  • Fox, Jon E. ve Cynthia Miller-Idriss. “Everyday Nationhood.” Ethnicities. 4. (2008): 536-563.
  • Grillo, Ralph D. “Cultural Essentialism and Cultural Anxiety.” Anthropological Theory. 2. (2003): 157-173.
  • Halbwachs, Maurice. Kolektif Bellek. (Çev. Z. Karagöz). İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık, 2019.
  • Heaney, Jonathan. “Emotions and Nationalism: A Reappraisal.” Emotions in Politics. (Ed. N. Demertzis). London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013: 243-263.
  • Isaacs, Rico ve Abel Polese. “Between ‘Imagined’ and ‘Real’ Nation-Building: Identities and Nationhood in Post-Soviet Central Asia.” Nationalities Papers. 3. (2015): 371-382.
  • Kahveci, H., & Bonnenfant, I. K. “Turkish Foreign Policy Towards Central Asia: An Unfolding of Regionalism and Soft Power.” All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace, 2. (2023): 195-218.
  • Kim, Do Kyun ve Min-Sun Kim. Hallyu: Influence of Korean Popular Culture in Asia and Beyond. Seoul: Seoul National University, 2011.
  • Kozinets, Robert V. Netnography: The Essential Guide to Qualitative Social Media Research. London: SAGE, 2019.
  • Kundakbayeva, Zhanat ve Didar Kassymova. “Remembering and Forgetting: The State Policy of Memorializing Stalin’s Repression in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan.” Nationalities Papers. 4. (2016): 611-627.
  • Lam, Peng Er. “Japan’s Quest for ‘Soft Power’: Attraction and Limitation.” East Asia. 4. (2007): 349–363.
  • Lange, Patricia. Thanks for Watching: An Anthropological Study of Video Sharing on YouTube. Colorado: University Press of Colorado, 2019.
  • Levitt, Peggy ve Nina Glick Schiller. “Conceptualizing Simultaneity: A Transnational Social Field Perspective on Society.” International Migration Review. 3. (2004): 1002-1039.
  • Madianou, M. Mediating the Nation. London: Routledge, 2012
  • Mittelman, James H. Whither. Globalization? The Vortex of Knowledge and Ideology. London: Routledge, 2004.
  • Ökten, Serkan. “Kültürel Diploması ve Medya.” Türkiye'nin Yumuşak Güç Enstrümanı Olarak Kültürel Diplomasi ve İletişim. Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı Yayınları, 2022: 97-146.
  • Purtaş, Fırat. “Uluslararası Türk Kültürü Teşkilatı.” Türk Cumhuriyetleri ve Toplulukları Yıllığı (Ed. M.T. Demirtepe ve M. Yılmaz). 2013:593-598.
  • Rancier, Megan. “Resurrecting the Nomads: Historical Nostalgia and Modern Nationalism in Contemporary Kazakh Popular Music Videos.” Popular Music and Society. 3. (2009): 387–405.
  • Rice, Timothy. “Reflections on Music and Identity in Ethnomusicology.” Musicology. (2007): 17-38.
  • Rieder, Bernhard vd. “From Ranking Algorithms to 'Ranking Cultures': Investigating the Modulation of Visibility in YouTube Search Results.” Convergence. 1. (2018): 50-68.
  • Romanova, Anna ve Dmitry Chernichkin. “Turkey and Pan-Turkism Influence on the Development of New National Identities in the Caspian Region: The Evidence from Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.” RUDN Journal of Political Science. (2024).
  • Smith, Anthony D. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History. Cambridge: Polity, 2001.
  • Soini, Katriina ve Inger Birkeland. “Exploring the Scientific Discourse on Cultural Sustainability.” Geoforum. 51. (2014): 213-223.
  • UNESCO. “Kazakh Traditional Art of Dombra Kuy.” (2014). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kazakh-traditional-art-of-dombra-kuy-00996
  • ——.“Orteke, Traditional Performing Art in Kazakhstan: Dance, Puppet and Music.” (2022). Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2025. https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/orteke-traditional-performing-art-in-kazakhstan-dance-puppet-and-music- 01878
  • Wacquant, Loïc. “A Concise Genealogy and Anatomy of Habitus.” The Sociological Review. 1. (2016): 64-72.
  • Wilson-Lopez, A. vd. “An Inquiry into the Use of Intercoder Reliability Measures in Qualitative Research”.ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. Haziran 2019.
  • Yessenova, Saulesh. “Routes and Roots of Kazakh Identity: Urban Migration in Postsocialist Kazakhstan.” The Russian Review. 4. (2005): 661-679.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kültürel çalışmalar (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Uğur Baloğlu 0000-0002-7716-3663

Yıldız Derya Birincioğlu 0000-0003-0119-9341

Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 24 Şubat 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.58242/millifolklor.1724941
IZ https://izlik.org/JA29CT38GS
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 149

Kaynak Göster

MLA Baloğlu, Uğur, ve Yıldız Derya Birincioğlu. “Dijital Çağda Türk-Kazak Etno-Folk Müziğinin Kültürlerarası Alımlanması: Dijital Etnografik Bir Yaklaşım”. Milli Folklor, c. 19, sy 149, Mart 2026, ss. 110-26, doi:10.58242/millifolklor.1724941.
Creative Commons Lisansı  Millî Folklor Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.