Çinkolu Yaprak Gübresi Uygulamasının Yerfıstığında Verim Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Abstract In this study, the effects of Zn leaf fertilizer application at four different growth stages of peanut on 100 seed weight, shelling percentage and fruit yield were determined in the field of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute in 2000 and 2001. The experimental design was a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. In the experiment, it was recorded that 100 seed weight varied between 72.79 and 106 g, internal rate was between 60.03 and 69.60% and fruit yield varied between 2580 and 5570 kg/ha. It has been determined that the application of Zn leaf fertilizer before and after flowering in peanuts in the areas that do not have Zn problems in the Eastern Mediterranean region does not significantly increase fruit yield and product quality. Although the application of Zn leaf fertilizers in peanuts do not provide significant yield and quality increase, it can be recommended considering the importance of human nutrition as it will increase the Zn ratio in the seed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Peanut
• Zinc
• Seed quality
• Seed yield

Yerfıstığında Çinko Yaprak Gübresi Uygulamasının Verim Üzerine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada 2000-2001 yıllarında Doğu Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü araştırma arazisinde yerfıstığında çiçeklenme öncesi, çiçeklenme sonrası olmak üzere dört farklı dönemde uygulanan Zn yaprak gübresinin 100 tohum ağırlığı, iç oranı ve meyve verimine olan etkileri belirlenmiştir. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede 100 tohum ağırlığı, 72.79-106 g, iç oranı % 60.03-69,60 ve meyve verimi 258-557 kg/da arasında değiştiği kaydedilmiştir. Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi Zn sorunu olmayan alanlarda yerfıstığında çiçeklenme öncesi ve sonrası Zn yaprak gübresi uygulamasının meyve verimi ve ürün kalitesini önemli ölçüde artırmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Yerfıstığında Zn yaprak gübresi uygulaması önemli verim ve kalite artışı sağlamasa da tohumda Zn oranını artıracağı için insan beslenmesi açısından önemi göz önüne alındığında önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yerfıstığı
• çinko
• tohum kalitesi
• tohum verimi

Kaynakça

1. Ali AAG, Mowafy SAE 2003. Effect of different levels of potassium and phosphorus fertilizers withthe foliar application of zinc and boron on peanut in sandy soils. Zagazig J. Agric. Res., 30: 335-358.
2. Anonim 2019. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr.
3. Cox FR 1990. A Note on the Effect of Soil Reaction and Zinc Concentration on Peanut Tissue Zinc, Peanut Science, 17:15-17.
4. Cakmak I, Yilmaz A, Kalaycı M, Ekiz H, Torun B, Erenoglu B and Braun HJ 1996. Phytosiderophore release in bread and durum wheat genotypes differing in zinc efficiency. Plant Soil, 180, 165.
5. Cakmak I, Torun B, Erenoglu B, Ozturk L, Marschner H, Kalaycı M, Ekiz H, Yilmaz A 1998. Morphological and physiological differences in cereals in response to zinc deficiency. Euphytica, 100: 349-357.
6. Cakmak I 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: Agronomic or genetic biofortification. Plant and Soil, 302: 1-17.
7. Cakmak I 2009. Enrichment of fertilizers with zinc: An excellent investment for humanity and crop production in India. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 23: 281-289.
8. Cakmak I, Pfeiffer WH, McClafferty B 2010. Biofortification of durum wheat with zinc and iron. Cereal Chemistry, 87: 10-20.

9. Davis JG, Parker MB 1993. Zinc toxicity symptom development and partitioning of biomass and zinc in peanut plants, Journal of Plant Nutrition, 16:12, 2353-2369, DOI: 10.1080/01904169309364693.
10. Erdal I, Bozkurt MA, Çimrin MK 2000. The effect of humic acid and P application on Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu contents of corn (Zea mays), Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6: 91-96.
11. Faostat 2015. Statistical data on crops, groundnut, area, production quantity of Tanzania,Africa & World. http://faostat.fao.org.
12. Irmak S, Surucu AK, Aydın S 2008. Zinc Contents Of Soils And Plants İn The Çukurova Region Of Turkey, Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 20(5): 3525-3536.
13. Irmak S, Çil AN, Yücel H, Kaya Z 2016. Effects of Zinc Application on Yield and Some Yield Components İn Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) İn The Easthern Mediterranean Region, Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22:109-116.
14. İşler N 2019. Ülkemizde Yerfıstığı Yetiştiriciliği, M.K.Ü., Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, s.1-8. Http://Www.Mku.Edu.Tr/Files/898-4f462bd0-7bda-4dee-861d-0888a2c48e73.Pdf
15. Hotz C, Brown KH 2004. Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control. Food Nutrition Bulletin, 25: 94-203
16. Gibson RS, Hess SY, Hotz C, Brown KH 2008. Indicators of zinc status at the population level: A review of the evidence. British Journal of Nutrition, 99: 14-23.
17. Lins IDG, Cox FR 1988. Effect of soil pH and clay content on the zinc soil test interpretation for corn. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52: 1681-1685.
18. Singh AL 2007. Prevention and correction of Zinc deficiency of groundnut in India. In: Proceeding of Zinc Crops 2007 Conference for improving crop production and human health, Istanbul, Turkey 24‐26th May 2007. http://www . zinc‐crops . org / ZnCrops2007 / page _ session_1.htm.
19. Singh AL, Chaudhari V, Misra JB 2011. Zinc fortification in groundnut and iden-tification of zinc responsive cultivars of India. In: Proceedings Zinc Crops 2011, Conference for“Improving Crop Production and Human Health” Hyderabad, India, 10-14
20. October, 2011. Availableat. http://www.zinccrops2011.org/presentations/2011 zinccrops2011 al singh 2 abstract.pdf (ac-cessed 8 July 2015).
21. Surucu A, Ozyazıcı MA, Ozyazıcı G, Uygur V 2013. Determination of appropriate extraction methods for available iron, copper, zinc and manganese in acid soils, Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 19: 256-2678.
22. Eyüpoğlu F, Kurucu N, Talaz S 1995. Türkiye topraklarının bitkiye yarayışlı mikro elementler bakımından genel durumu, Toprak Gübre Arastırma Enstitüsü. 620/A- 002 Projesi Toplu Sonuç Raporu (1995) (In Turkish).
23. Su X, Lı D, Xu Z, Wang H, Yu S 2010 Effect Of Zinc Fertilization Dosages To Yield And Benefit Of Peanut Fenghua, Journal Of Shanxi Agricultural, Farming Technology Service İn Donghai Countyj,İangsu,Donghai 222300,China.