Sığırlarda sindesmokorial
tipteki plasental yapı immunoglobulinlerin plasental transferine engel olmakta
ve bundan dolayı buzağılar agamaglobulinemik olarak doğmaktadır. Buzağılara
IgG’nin transferi olarak adlandırılan pasif immune transfer ancak maternal
kolostrum alınmasıyla gerçekleşir. Yetersiz kolostral IgG’nin alımı ya da
absorbsiyonu pasif transfer yetmezliğine neden olmaktadır. Buzağılarda pasif
transfer yetmezliğin belirlenmesi için çeşitli analiz metodları
bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede buzağılarda
pasif transfer yetmezliğin tespitinde kullanılan yöntemler ve bu yöntemlerin
avantaj ve dezavantajları anlatılmıştır.
Alley ML, Haines DM, Smith GW (2012). Evaluation of serum immunoglobulin G concentrations using an automated turbidimetric immunoassay in dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 95 (8): 4596-4599.
Ameri M, Wilkerson MJ (2008). Comparison of two commercial radial immunodiffusion assays for detection of bovine immunoglobulin G in newborn calves. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 20 (3): 333-336.
Aydogdu U, Guzelbektes H (2018). Effect of colostrum composition on passive calf immunity in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows. VET. MED-CZECH 63 (1): 1-11.
Benezzeddine-Boussaidi L, Cazorla G, Melin AM (2009). Validation for quantification of immunoglobulins by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 47 (1): 83-90.
Bielmann V, Gillan J, Perkins NR, Skidmore AL, Godden S, Leslie KE (2010). An evaluation of Brix refractometry instruments for measurement of colostrum quality in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 93 (8): 3713-3721.
Buczinski S, Gicquel E, Fecteau G, Takwoingi Y, Chigerwe M, Vandeweerd JM (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy of serum refractometry and brix refractometry for the diagnosis of inadequate transfer of passive immunity in calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 32 (1): 474-483.
Burns J, Hou S, Riley CB, Shaw RA, Jewett N, McClure JT (2014). Use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to quantify immunoglobulin G concentrations in alpaca serum. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 28 (2): 639-645.
Calloway CD, Tyler JW, Tessman RK, Hostetler D, Holle J (2002). Comparison of refractometers and test end points in the measurement of serum protein concentration to assess passive transfer status in calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 221 (11): 1605-1608.
Carstairs-Grant SJ, Crawshaw GJ, Mehren KG (1988). A comparison of the glutaraldehyde coagulation test and total serum protein estimation as indicators of gamma globulin levels in neonatal ruminants. J. Zoo Animal Med. 19 (1): 14-17.
Chigerwe M, Dawes ME, Tyler JW, Middleton JR, Moore MP, Nagy DM (2005). Evaluation of a cow-side immunoassay kit for assessing IgG concentration in colostrum. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 227 (1): 129-131.
Chigerwe M, Hagey JV, Aly SS (2015). Determination of neonatal serum immunoglobulin G concentrations associated with mortality during the first 4 months of life in dairy heifer calves. J. Dairy Res. 82 (4): 400-406.
Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Done SH, Grünberg W (2018). Veterinary Medicine A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, and Goats. 11th ed. Saunders Ltd, Philadelphia.
Cuttance EL, Mason WA, Denholm KS, Laven RA (2017). Comparison of diagnostic tests for determining the prevalence of failure of passive transfer in New Zealand dairy calves. N. Z. Vet. J. 65 (1): 6-13.
Cuttance EL, Regnerus C, Laven RA (2019). A review of diagnostic tests for diagnosing failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves in New Zealand. N. Z. Vet. J. 67 (6): 277-286.
Davis DG, Schaefer DM, Hinchcliff KW, Wellman ML, Willet WE, Fletcher JM (2005). Measurement of serum IgG in foals by radial immunodiffusion and automated turbidimetric immunoassay. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 19 (1) : 93-96.
Dawes ME, Tyler JW, Hostetler D, Lakritz J, Tessman R (2002). Evaluation of a commercially available immunoassay for assessing adequacy of passive transfer in calves. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 220 (6): 791-793.
Deelen SM, Ollivett TL, Haines DM, Leslie KE (2014). Evaluation of a Brix refractometer to estimate serum immunoglobulin G concentration in neonatal dairy calves J. Dairy Sci. 97 (6): 3838-3844.
Dewell RD, Hungerford LL, Keen JE, Laegreid WW, Griffin DD, Rupp GP, Grotelueschen DM (2006). Association of neonatal serum immunoglobulin G1 concentration with health and performance in beef calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 228 (6): 914-921.
Elsohaby I, Keefe GP (2015). Preliminary validation of a calf-side test for diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 98 (7): 4754-4761.
Elsohaby I, McClure JT, Riley CB, Shaw RA, Keefe GP (2016). Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 28 (1): 30-37.
Elsohaby I, Riley CB, Hou S, McClure JT, Shaw RA, Keefe GP (2014). Measurement of serum immunoglobulin G in dairy cattle using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy: A reagent free approach. Vet. J. 202 (3): 510-515.
Etzel LR, Strohbehn RE, McVicker JK (1997). Development of an automated turbidimetric immunoassay for quantification of bovine serum immunoglobulin G. Am. J. Vet. Res. 58 (11): 1201-1205.
Faber SN, Faber NE, McCauley TC, Ax RL (2005). Effects of colostrum ingestion on lactational performance. Prof. Anim. Sci. 21 (5): 420-425.
Fecteau G, Arsenault J, Pare J, Van Metre DC, Holmberg CA, Smith BP 2013. Prediction of serum IgG concentration by indirect techniques with adjustment for age and clinical and laboratory covariates in critically ill newborn calves. Can. J. Vet. Res. 77 (2): 89-94.
Furman-Fratczak K, Rzasa A, Stefaniak T (2011). The influence of colostral immunoglobulin concentration in heifer calves’ serum on their health and growth. J. Dairy Sci. 94 (11): 5536-5543.
Garry F, Adams R, Aldridge B (1993). Role of colostral transfer in neonatal calf management: current concepts in diagnosis. Comp. Cont. Educ. Pract. 15 (8): 1167-1175.
Godden S (2008). Colostrum management for dairy calves. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 24 (1): 19-39.
Gökçe E, Erdoğan HM (2013). Neonatal buzağılarda kolostral immunoglobulinlerin pasif transferi. Turkiye Klinikleri J. Vet. Sci. 4 (1): 18-46.
Güngör Ö, Bastan A, Erbil MK (2004). The Usefulness of the γ-glutamyltransferase activity and total proteinemia in serum for detection of the failure of immune passive transfer in neonatal calves. Revue Med. Vet. 155 (1): 27-30.
Güngör Ö, Özyurtlu N (2005). Neonatal buzağılarda pasif transfer yetersizliğinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan testler. Kafkas Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 11 (2): 185-188.
Hogan I, Doherty M, Fagan J, Kennedy E, Conneely M, Brady P, Ryan C, Lorenz I (2015). Comparison of rapid laboratory tests for failure of passive transfer in the bovine. Ir. Vet. J. 68 (1): 18.
Hou S, McClure JT, Shaw RA, Riley CB (2014). Immunoglobulin G measurement in blood plasma using infrared spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc. 68 (4): 466-474.
Kasap S, Kennerman E, Babaeski S, Dulger H (2019). Comparison of serum IgG concentration, total protein, glutaraldehyde coagulation test and gamma glutamyl transferase in neonatal foals. J. Res. Vet. Med. 38 (1): 35-38.
Lee SH, Jaekal J, Bae CS, Chung BH, Yun SC, Gwak MJ, Noh GJ, Lee DH (2008). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, single radial immunodiffusion, and indirect methods for the detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 22 (1): 212-218.
McGuirk SM, Collins M (2004). Managing the production, storage and delivery of colostrum. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Food Anim. Pract. 20 (3): 593-603.
McVicker JK, Rouse GC, Fowler MA, Perry BH, Miller BL, Johnson TE (2002). Evaluation of a lateral-flow immunoassay for use in monitoring passive transfer of immunoglobulins in calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 63 (2): 247-250.
Morrill KM, Polo J, Lago A, Campbell J, Quigley J, Tyler H (2013). Estimate of serum immunoglobulin G concentration using refractometry with or without caprylic acid fractionation. J. Dairy Sci. 96 (7): 4535-4541.
Naylor JM, Kronfield DS (1977). Refractometry as a measure of the immunoglobulin status of the newborn dairy calf: Comparison with the zinc sulphate turbidity test and single radial immunodiffusion. Am. J. Vet. Res. 38 (9): 1331-1334.
Parish SM, Tyler JW, Besser TE, Gay CC, Krytenberg D (1997). Prediction of serum IgG1 concentration in Holstein calves using serum gamma glutamyltransferase activity. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 11 (6): 344-347.
Perino LJ, Sutherland RL, Woollen NE (1993). Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and protein concentration at birth and after suckling in calves with adequate and inadequate passive transfer of immunoglobulin G. Am. J. Vet. Res. 54 (1): 56-59.
Pfeiffer NE, McGuire TC, Bender RB, Weikel JM (1977). Quantitation of bovine immunoglobulins: Comparison of single radial immunodiffusion, zinc sulfate turbidity, serum electrophoresis and refractometer methods. Am. J. Vet. Res. 38 (5): 693-698.
Riley CB, McClure JT, Low-Ying S, Shaw RA (2007). Use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity and measurement of immunoglobulin concentrations in horses. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 21 (4): 828-834.
Robison JD, Stott GH, DeNise SK (1988). Effects of passive immunity on growth and survival in the dairy heifer. J. Dairy Sci. 71 (5): 1283-1287.
Rocha TG, Nociti RP, Sampaio AAM, Fagliari JJ (2012). Passive immunity transfer and serum constituents of crossbred calves. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32 (6): 515-522.
Şen İ, Başoğlu A, Ok M, Birdane MF, Güzelbekteş H, Civelek T (2000). Neonatal ishalli buzağılarda serum immunoglobulinlerin glutaraldehid koagulasyon testi ile değerlendirilmesi. Vet. Bil. Derg. 16 (1): 143-146.
Talari ACS, Martinez MAG, Movasaghi Z, Rehman S, Rehman IU (2016). Advances in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of biological tissues. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 52 (5): 456-506.
Thornhill JB, Krebs GL, Petzel CE (2015). Evaluation of the Brix refractometer as an on-farm tool for the detection of passive transfer of immunity in dairy calves. Aust. Vet. J. 93 (1-2): 26-30.
Topal O, Batmaz H, Mecitoğlu Z, Uzabacı E (2018). Comparison of IgG and semiquantitative tests for evaluation of passive transfer immunity in calves. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 42 (4): 302-309.
Tyler JW, Hancock DD, Parish SM, Rea DE, Besser TE, Sanders SG, Wilson LK (1996a). Evaluation of 3 assays for failure of passive transfer in calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med.10 (5): 304-307.
Tyler JW, Hancock DD, Thorne JG, Gay CC, Gay JM (1999a). Partitioning the mortality risk associated with inadequate passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins in dairy calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 13 (4): 335-337.
Tyler JW, Parish SM, Besser TE, Van Metre DC, Barrington GM, Middleton JR (1999b). Detection of low serum immunoglobulin concentrations in clinically ill calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 13 (1): 40-43.
Vijarnsorn M, Riley CB, Shaw RA, Mcllwraith CW, Ryan DA, Rose PL, Spangler E (2006). Use of infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of traumatic arthritis in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 67 (8): 1286-1292.
Vogels Z, Chuck G, Morton J (2013). Failure of transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinaemia in calves in southwest Victorian dairy herds: Prevalence and risk factors. Aust. Vet. J. 91 (4): 150-158.
Wallace MM, Jarvie BD, Perkins NR, Leslie KE, (2006). A comparison of serum harvesting methods and type of refractometer for determining total solids to estimate failure of passive transfer in calves. Can. Vet. J. 47 (6): 573-575.
Weaver DM, Tyler JW, VanMetre DC, Hostetler DE, Barrington GM (2000). Passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulin in calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 14 (6): 569-577.
Wittum TE, Perino LJ (1995). Passive immune status at postpartum hour 24 and long-term health and performance of calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 56 (9): 1149-1154.
Buzağılarda Pasif Transfer Yetmezliğinin Belirlenmesinde Kullanılan Yöntemler
Buzağılara IgG’nin transferi olarak adlandırılan pasif immune transfer ancak maternal kolostrum alınmasıyla gerçekleşir. Yetersiz kolostral IgG’nin alımı ya da absorbsiyonu pasif transfer yetmezliğine neden olmaktadır. Buzağılarda pasif transfer yetmezliğin belirlenmesi için çeşitli analiz metodları bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede buzağılarda pasif transfer yetmezliğin tespitinde kullanılan yöntemler ve bu yöntemlerin avantaj ve dezavantajları anlatılmıştır.
Alley ML, Haines DM, Smith GW (2012). Evaluation of serum immunoglobulin G concentrations using an automated turbidimetric immunoassay in dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 95 (8): 4596-4599.
Ameri M, Wilkerson MJ (2008). Comparison of two commercial radial immunodiffusion assays for detection of bovine immunoglobulin G in newborn calves. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 20 (3): 333-336.
Aydogdu U, Guzelbektes H (2018). Effect of colostrum composition on passive calf immunity in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows. VET. MED-CZECH 63 (1): 1-11.
Benezzeddine-Boussaidi L, Cazorla G, Melin AM (2009). Validation for quantification of immunoglobulins by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 47 (1): 83-90.
Bielmann V, Gillan J, Perkins NR, Skidmore AL, Godden S, Leslie KE (2010). An evaluation of Brix refractometry instruments for measurement of colostrum quality in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 93 (8): 3713-3721.
Buczinski S, Gicquel E, Fecteau G, Takwoingi Y, Chigerwe M, Vandeweerd JM (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy of serum refractometry and brix refractometry for the diagnosis of inadequate transfer of passive immunity in calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 32 (1): 474-483.
Burns J, Hou S, Riley CB, Shaw RA, Jewett N, McClure JT (2014). Use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to quantify immunoglobulin G concentrations in alpaca serum. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 28 (2): 639-645.
Calloway CD, Tyler JW, Tessman RK, Hostetler D, Holle J (2002). Comparison of refractometers and test end points in the measurement of serum protein concentration to assess passive transfer status in calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 221 (11): 1605-1608.
Carstairs-Grant SJ, Crawshaw GJ, Mehren KG (1988). A comparison of the glutaraldehyde coagulation test and total serum protein estimation as indicators of gamma globulin levels in neonatal ruminants. J. Zoo Animal Med. 19 (1): 14-17.
Chigerwe M, Dawes ME, Tyler JW, Middleton JR, Moore MP, Nagy DM (2005). Evaluation of a cow-side immunoassay kit for assessing IgG concentration in colostrum. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 227 (1): 129-131.
Chigerwe M, Hagey JV, Aly SS (2015). Determination of neonatal serum immunoglobulin G concentrations associated with mortality during the first 4 months of life in dairy heifer calves. J. Dairy Res. 82 (4): 400-406.
Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Done SH, Grünberg W (2018). Veterinary Medicine A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, and Goats. 11th ed. Saunders Ltd, Philadelphia.
Cuttance EL, Mason WA, Denholm KS, Laven RA (2017). Comparison of diagnostic tests for determining the prevalence of failure of passive transfer in New Zealand dairy calves. N. Z. Vet. J. 65 (1): 6-13.
Cuttance EL, Regnerus C, Laven RA (2019). A review of diagnostic tests for diagnosing failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves in New Zealand. N. Z. Vet. J. 67 (6): 277-286.
Davis DG, Schaefer DM, Hinchcliff KW, Wellman ML, Willet WE, Fletcher JM (2005). Measurement of serum IgG in foals by radial immunodiffusion and automated turbidimetric immunoassay. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 19 (1) : 93-96.
Dawes ME, Tyler JW, Hostetler D, Lakritz J, Tessman R (2002). Evaluation of a commercially available immunoassay for assessing adequacy of passive transfer in calves. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 220 (6): 791-793.
Deelen SM, Ollivett TL, Haines DM, Leslie KE (2014). Evaluation of a Brix refractometer to estimate serum immunoglobulin G concentration in neonatal dairy calves J. Dairy Sci. 97 (6): 3838-3844.
Dewell RD, Hungerford LL, Keen JE, Laegreid WW, Griffin DD, Rupp GP, Grotelueschen DM (2006). Association of neonatal serum immunoglobulin G1 concentration with health and performance in beef calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 228 (6): 914-921.
Elsohaby I, Keefe GP (2015). Preliminary validation of a calf-side test for diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 98 (7): 4754-4761.
Elsohaby I, McClure JT, Riley CB, Shaw RA, Keefe GP (2016). Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 28 (1): 30-37.
Elsohaby I, Riley CB, Hou S, McClure JT, Shaw RA, Keefe GP (2014). Measurement of serum immunoglobulin G in dairy cattle using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy: A reagent free approach. Vet. J. 202 (3): 510-515.
Etzel LR, Strohbehn RE, McVicker JK (1997). Development of an automated turbidimetric immunoassay for quantification of bovine serum immunoglobulin G. Am. J. Vet. Res. 58 (11): 1201-1205.
Faber SN, Faber NE, McCauley TC, Ax RL (2005). Effects of colostrum ingestion on lactational performance. Prof. Anim. Sci. 21 (5): 420-425.
Fecteau G, Arsenault J, Pare J, Van Metre DC, Holmberg CA, Smith BP 2013. Prediction of serum IgG concentration by indirect techniques with adjustment for age and clinical and laboratory covariates in critically ill newborn calves. Can. J. Vet. Res. 77 (2): 89-94.
Furman-Fratczak K, Rzasa A, Stefaniak T (2011). The influence of colostral immunoglobulin concentration in heifer calves’ serum on their health and growth. J. Dairy Sci. 94 (11): 5536-5543.
Garry F, Adams R, Aldridge B (1993). Role of colostral transfer in neonatal calf management: current concepts in diagnosis. Comp. Cont. Educ. Pract. 15 (8): 1167-1175.
Godden S (2008). Colostrum management for dairy calves. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 24 (1): 19-39.
Gökçe E, Erdoğan HM (2013). Neonatal buzağılarda kolostral immunoglobulinlerin pasif transferi. Turkiye Klinikleri J. Vet. Sci. 4 (1): 18-46.
Güngör Ö, Bastan A, Erbil MK (2004). The Usefulness of the γ-glutamyltransferase activity and total proteinemia in serum for detection of the failure of immune passive transfer in neonatal calves. Revue Med. Vet. 155 (1): 27-30.
Güngör Ö, Özyurtlu N (2005). Neonatal buzağılarda pasif transfer yetersizliğinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan testler. Kafkas Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 11 (2): 185-188.
Hogan I, Doherty M, Fagan J, Kennedy E, Conneely M, Brady P, Ryan C, Lorenz I (2015). Comparison of rapid laboratory tests for failure of passive transfer in the bovine. Ir. Vet. J. 68 (1): 18.
Hou S, McClure JT, Shaw RA, Riley CB (2014). Immunoglobulin G measurement in blood plasma using infrared spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc. 68 (4): 466-474.
Kasap S, Kennerman E, Babaeski S, Dulger H (2019). Comparison of serum IgG concentration, total protein, glutaraldehyde coagulation test and gamma glutamyl transferase in neonatal foals. J. Res. Vet. Med. 38 (1): 35-38.
Lee SH, Jaekal J, Bae CS, Chung BH, Yun SC, Gwak MJ, Noh GJ, Lee DH (2008). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, single radial immunodiffusion, and indirect methods for the detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 22 (1): 212-218.
McGuirk SM, Collins M (2004). Managing the production, storage and delivery of colostrum. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Food Anim. Pract. 20 (3): 593-603.
McVicker JK, Rouse GC, Fowler MA, Perry BH, Miller BL, Johnson TE (2002). Evaluation of a lateral-flow immunoassay for use in monitoring passive transfer of immunoglobulins in calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 63 (2): 247-250.
Morrill KM, Polo J, Lago A, Campbell J, Quigley J, Tyler H (2013). Estimate of serum immunoglobulin G concentration using refractometry with or without caprylic acid fractionation. J. Dairy Sci. 96 (7): 4535-4541.
Naylor JM, Kronfield DS (1977). Refractometry as a measure of the immunoglobulin status of the newborn dairy calf: Comparison with the zinc sulphate turbidity test and single radial immunodiffusion. Am. J. Vet. Res. 38 (9): 1331-1334.
Parish SM, Tyler JW, Besser TE, Gay CC, Krytenberg D (1997). Prediction of serum IgG1 concentration in Holstein calves using serum gamma glutamyltransferase activity. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 11 (6): 344-347.
Perino LJ, Sutherland RL, Woollen NE (1993). Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and protein concentration at birth and after suckling in calves with adequate and inadequate passive transfer of immunoglobulin G. Am. J. Vet. Res. 54 (1): 56-59.
Pfeiffer NE, McGuire TC, Bender RB, Weikel JM (1977). Quantitation of bovine immunoglobulins: Comparison of single radial immunodiffusion, zinc sulfate turbidity, serum electrophoresis and refractometer methods. Am. J. Vet. Res. 38 (5): 693-698.
Riley CB, McClure JT, Low-Ying S, Shaw RA (2007). Use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity and measurement of immunoglobulin concentrations in horses. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 21 (4): 828-834.
Robison JD, Stott GH, DeNise SK (1988). Effects of passive immunity on growth and survival in the dairy heifer. J. Dairy Sci. 71 (5): 1283-1287.
Rocha TG, Nociti RP, Sampaio AAM, Fagliari JJ (2012). Passive immunity transfer and serum constituents of crossbred calves. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32 (6): 515-522.
Şen İ, Başoğlu A, Ok M, Birdane MF, Güzelbekteş H, Civelek T (2000). Neonatal ishalli buzağılarda serum immunoglobulinlerin glutaraldehid koagulasyon testi ile değerlendirilmesi. Vet. Bil. Derg. 16 (1): 143-146.
Talari ACS, Martinez MAG, Movasaghi Z, Rehman S, Rehman IU (2016). Advances in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of biological tissues. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 52 (5): 456-506.
Thornhill JB, Krebs GL, Petzel CE (2015). Evaluation of the Brix refractometer as an on-farm tool for the detection of passive transfer of immunity in dairy calves. Aust. Vet. J. 93 (1-2): 26-30.
Topal O, Batmaz H, Mecitoğlu Z, Uzabacı E (2018). Comparison of IgG and semiquantitative tests for evaluation of passive transfer immunity in calves. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 42 (4): 302-309.
Tyler JW, Hancock DD, Parish SM, Rea DE, Besser TE, Sanders SG, Wilson LK (1996a). Evaluation of 3 assays for failure of passive transfer in calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med.10 (5): 304-307.
Tyler JW, Hancock DD, Thorne JG, Gay CC, Gay JM (1999a). Partitioning the mortality risk associated with inadequate passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins in dairy calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 13 (4): 335-337.
Tyler JW, Parish SM, Besser TE, Van Metre DC, Barrington GM, Middleton JR (1999b). Detection of low serum immunoglobulin concentrations in clinically ill calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 13 (1): 40-43.
Vijarnsorn M, Riley CB, Shaw RA, Mcllwraith CW, Ryan DA, Rose PL, Spangler E (2006). Use of infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of traumatic arthritis in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 67 (8): 1286-1292.
Vogels Z, Chuck G, Morton J (2013). Failure of transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinaemia in calves in southwest Victorian dairy herds: Prevalence and risk factors. Aust. Vet. J. 91 (4): 150-158.
Wallace MM, Jarvie BD, Perkins NR, Leslie KE, (2006). A comparison of serum harvesting methods and type of refractometer for determining total solids to estimate failure of passive transfer in calves. Can. Vet. J. 47 (6): 573-575.
Weaver DM, Tyler JW, VanMetre DC, Hostetler DE, Barrington GM (2000). Passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulin in calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 14 (6): 569-577.
Wittum TE, Perino LJ (1995). Passive immune status at postpartum hour 24 and long-term health and performance of calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 56 (9): 1149-1154.
Aydoğdu, U., Şen, İ., & Güzelbekteş, H. (2019). Buzağılarda Pasif Transfer Yetmezliğinin Belirlenmesinde Kullanılan Yöntemler. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences, 9(2), 104-111.