Öz
Community
oriented policing is a philosophy that underlines the requirement of citizens'
involvement in crime prevention activities. One of the major traffic crime was
red light running in Karakopru town of Sanliurfa Province of Turkey. Because of
the inadequate enforcement resources, however, police department couldn’t
succeed to prevent red light violations. The police department, hence, initiated
a community red light watch program to decrease the violations. The purpose of
this study was to quantify the effect of the community red light watch program,
which was performed by the honorary traffic inspectors. To assess the effect of
this program, we employed a pre/post-implementation design. For the current
study, the camera records of the five program sites, two non-program sites, and
two control sites were utilized. Findings of this study revealed that red light
violations did not decrease at the beginning period; however, six months after
the program commenced the violations decrease overall 27% at program sites. Friedman
test analyze results suggested a Chi-square value of 7,600 which was
significant (p<.05) for the program sites. The program did not yield a
significant violation change for non-program and control sites. The results
suggest that community-oriented policing programs can be implemented in traffic
enforcement area successfully. However, to prevent traffic violations the
programs need to be supported with tactics of deterrence theory, and other
policing strategies.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Apel, R. J., and D. Nagin. (2011). ‘‘General Deterrence: A Review of Recent Evidence.’’ In Crime and Public Policy, edited by J. Q. Wilson and J. Petersilia, pp. 411–436. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Bankhead, K & Herms, B.F. (1970). Reducing accidents by selective enforcement. Traffic Digest Review, S:18, pp. 1-38.
- Bullock, K., & Sindall, K. (2014). Examining the nature and extent of public participation in neighborhood policing. Policing and Society, 24(4), 385–404.
- Chin, H. C. (1989) Effect of Automatic Red light Cameras on Red-Running, Traffic Eng. Control, S: 30, pp. 175–179.
- Croft, P.G. (1981). An assessment of running the red signal as a traffic safety problem. In Hulscher F.E., Walden, N.J., Croft P.G., Hallam, C.E. & Saffron, D.G. Driver Observance of Traffic Signals, Sydney, Traffic Authority of New South Wales, 1980.
- Frank, J., et al., 1996. Citizen involvement in the coproduction of police outputs. Journal of crime and justice, S:19 (2), pp. 1–30.
- Freedman, M., Paek, N., (1992). Enforcement resources relative to need: Changes during 1978-89, ARLİNGTON, VA : Insurance Instıtute for Highway Safety.
- Lum, K. M., Wong, Y.D. (1998). “An Overview of Red light Surveillance Cameras in Singapore“, ITE Journal Web. Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington DC., pp. 87-91
- Mastrofski, S. D., Worden, R. E., & Snipes, J. B. (1995). Law enforcement in a time of community policing. Criminology, S:33(4), pp.539–563.
- Retting, R. A.,Williams, A. F., Farmer,C. M., Feldman, A. F. (1999). “Evaluation of Red Light Camera Enforcement in Oxnard, California”, Accid. Anal. Prev.,S:31, pp.169–174.
- Retting, R.A., A.F. Williams, D.F. Preusser and H.B. Weinstein. (1995). “Classifying Urban Crashes for Countermeasure Development”, Accident Analysis and Prevention, S:27,pp.283–294.
- Skogan, W. G. (2004). Community policing: Common impediments to success. In L. A. Fridell & M. A. Wycoff (Eds.), Community policing: The past, present, and future (159–168). Washington, DC: The Annie E. Casey Foundation and the Police Executive Research Forum.
- Skogan, W. G. (2006). The promise of community policing. In D. L. Weisburd & A. A. Braga (Eds.), Police innovation: Contrasting perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Skolnick, Jerome H and David H Bayley (1988a) Theme and Variation in Community Policing. Crime and Justice: a Review of Research, S:10, pp. 1-37
- Skolnick, Jerome H and David H Bayley (1988b) Community Policing: Issues and Practices Around the World: University of Michigan Library (January 1, 1988)
- Thompson, S.J., Steel, J.D. & Gallear, D. (1989) Putting red light violators in the picture. Traffic Engineering + Control, S: 30 (3), pp.122-125
- Thomas Amy Aeron (2003) Community Traffic Policing Scoping Study: Final Report. Department for International Development. Project Report PR/INT/265 /2003
- Weisburd, D. L., & Eck, J. E. (2004). What can police do to reduce crime, disorder, and fear? Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, S:593(1), pp.42–65.
- Zimring, F., and G. Hawkins. (1973). Deterrence: The Legal Threat in Crime Control. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Öz
Toplum destekli polislik suç önleme
çalışmalarına vatandaşların dahil olması gerektiğinin altını çizem bir
felsefedir. Şanlıurfanın karaköprü ilçesinde başlıca trafik suçlarından biri
kırmızı ışık ihlalleridir. Fakat yetersiz denetleme kaynaklarından dolayı
emniyet müdürlüğü kırmızı ışık ihlallerini önlemede başarılı olamamıştır. Bu
sebeple emniyet müdürlüğü ihlallerin sayısını azaltabilmek için tıplum destekli
bir kırmızı ışık denetim programı başlatmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı fahri
trafik müfettişleri tarafından gerçekleştirilen toplum destekli kırmızı ışık
denetim programının etkisini ölçmektir. Bu programın etkisini değerlendirmek için
uygulama öncesi / sonrası ölçme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma için beş
program alanı, iki program dışı alan ve iki kontrol alanının kamera kayıtları
kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, başlangıç döneminde kırmızı ışık
ihlallerinin azalmadığını; ancak, programın başlamasından altı ay sonra
ihlallerin, program alanlarında genel olarak% 27 oranında azaldığını ortaya
koymuştur. Friedman test analiz sonuçları, program alanları için anlamlı olan
(p <.05) Ki-kare 7.600 değerini göstermiştir. Program, program dışı ve
kontrol alanları için önemli bir ihlal değişikliği sağlamamıştır. Sonuçlar, toplum odaklı polislik programlarının
trafik uygulama alanında başarıyla uygulanabileceğini göstermektedir. Bununla
birlikte, trafik ihlallerini önlemek için, programların caydırıcılık teorisi
taktikleri ve diğer polislik stratejileriyle desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Apel, R. J., and D. Nagin. (2011). ‘‘General Deterrence: A Review of Recent Evidence.’’ In Crime and Public Policy, edited by J. Q. Wilson and J. Petersilia, pp. 411–436. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Bankhead, K & Herms, B.F. (1970). Reducing accidents by selective enforcement. Traffic Digest Review, S:18, pp. 1-38.
- Bullock, K., & Sindall, K. (2014). Examining the nature and extent of public participation in neighborhood policing. Policing and Society, 24(4), 385–404.
- Chin, H. C. (1989) Effect of Automatic Red light Cameras on Red-Running, Traffic Eng. Control, S: 30, pp. 175–179.
- Croft, P.G. (1981). An assessment of running the red signal as a traffic safety problem. In Hulscher F.E., Walden, N.J., Croft P.G., Hallam, C.E. & Saffron, D.G. Driver Observance of Traffic Signals, Sydney, Traffic Authority of New South Wales, 1980.
- Frank, J., et al., 1996. Citizen involvement in the coproduction of police outputs. Journal of crime and justice, S:19 (2), pp. 1–30.
- Freedman, M., Paek, N., (1992). Enforcement resources relative to need: Changes during 1978-89, ARLİNGTON, VA : Insurance Instıtute for Highway Safety.
- Lum, K. M., Wong, Y.D. (1998). “An Overview of Red light Surveillance Cameras in Singapore“, ITE Journal Web. Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington DC., pp. 87-91
- Mastrofski, S. D., Worden, R. E., & Snipes, J. B. (1995). Law enforcement in a time of community policing. Criminology, S:33(4), pp.539–563.
- Retting, R. A.,Williams, A. F., Farmer,C. M., Feldman, A. F. (1999). “Evaluation of Red Light Camera Enforcement in Oxnard, California”, Accid. Anal. Prev.,S:31, pp.169–174.
- Retting, R.A., A.F. Williams, D.F. Preusser and H.B. Weinstein. (1995). “Classifying Urban Crashes for Countermeasure Development”, Accident Analysis and Prevention, S:27,pp.283–294.
- Skogan, W. G. (2004). Community policing: Common impediments to success. In L. A. Fridell & M. A. Wycoff (Eds.), Community policing: The past, present, and future (159–168). Washington, DC: The Annie E. Casey Foundation and the Police Executive Research Forum.
- Skogan, W. G. (2006). The promise of community policing. In D. L. Weisburd & A. A. Braga (Eds.), Police innovation: Contrasting perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Skolnick, Jerome H and David H Bayley (1988a) Theme and Variation in Community Policing. Crime and Justice: a Review of Research, S:10, pp. 1-37
- Skolnick, Jerome H and David H Bayley (1988b) Community Policing: Issues and Practices Around the World: University of Michigan Library (January 1, 1988)
- Thompson, S.J., Steel, J.D. & Gallear, D. (1989) Putting red light violators in the picture. Traffic Engineering + Control, S: 30 (3), pp.122-125
- Thomas Amy Aeron (2003) Community Traffic Policing Scoping Study: Final Report. Department for International Development. Project Report PR/INT/265 /2003
- Weisburd, D. L., & Eck, J. E. (2004). What can police do to reduce crime, disorder, and fear? Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, S:593(1), pp.42–65.
- Zimring, F., and G. Hawkins. (1973). Deterrence: The Legal Threat in Crime Control. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Ekim 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Mart 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 |
Kaynak Göster
MANAS Journal of Social Studies (MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)