Araştırma Makalesi
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Experiential Tourist Guiding: A Conceptual Framework and Model Suggestion

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1716 - 1738, 26.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1050587

Öz

Today's technological, economic, social, and psychological developments emphasize the individual aspect of the consumer's needs, expectations, and desires. Therefore, tourism is entering a new era that is being shaped by more creative, diversified, unique, reliable, and unforgettable experiences at the point of individualization. In this era, the tourism and hospitality industry has undergone a more privatized transformation to keep up with the fast-changing world and survive. One of the mechanisms contributing to this process is an experiential tourism, which is thought to shape future tourism. In addition, it is predicted that experiential tourism, with its new models, will make the tourist guide one of the more active and functional aspects of the tourist's individual experience process and will give a brand new meaning to tourist guiding. However, in the relevant literature, it is seen that the context of experiential tourism has not been sufficiently clarified, and different perspectives have not been developed, especially regarding the role of the tourist guide in experiential tourism. Based on this gap, this study aims to create a conceptual framework and propose a model for experiential tourist guiding by examining the context of experiential tourism in the light of relevant literature. Experiential tourist guiding was conceptualized as the guide's experiential role performance, which consists of designing, executing, and developing the tourist's experience process. The model in question was created with the factors (personal and professional resources of the guide, tourist, destination, experiencescape, providers, local society, and global developments) affecting the guide's experiential role performance and the tourist's experience process with a guide and the outputs (guide, experiential tourist, business, destination, tourism industry, and other sectors) of this process, as well as contains multiple recommendations for further research.

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Deneyimsel Turist Rehberliği: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve ve Model Önerisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1716 - 1738, 26.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1050587

Öz

Günümüzdeki teknolojik, ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik gelişmeler; tüketicinin ihtiyaçlarının, beklentilerinin ve isteklerinin bireysel yönünü daha baskın hale getirmektedir. Dolayısıyla turizm; bireyselleşme noktasında daha yaratıcı, çeşitlendirilmiş, benzersiz, güvenilir ve unutulmaz deneyimler ile şekillenerek yeni bir çağa girmektedir. Bu çağda turizm sektörü, değişen dünyaya ayak uydurmak ve varlığını sürdürmek için daha da özelleştirilmiş bir dönüşüm geçirmektedir. Bu sürece önemli katkı sunan mekanizmalardan biri de geleceğin turizmini şekillendireceği düşünülen deneyimsel turizmdir. Ayrıca yeni modelleriyle deneyimsel turizmin, özellikle turist rehberini turistin bireysel deneyim sürecinin daha aktif ve işlevsel yönlerinden biri haline getireceği ve turist rehberliğine yepyeni bir anlam kazandıracağı öngörülmektedir. Ancak ilgili literatürde, deneyimsel turizmin içeriğinin yeterli düzeyde açıklığa kavuşturulmadığı ve özellikle turist rehberinin deneyimsel turizmdeki rollerine yönelik farklı bakış açılarının geliştirilmediği görülmektedir. Bu boşluktan hareketle, bu çalışmanın amacı; ilgili literatür ışığında, deneyimsel turizmin içeriğini irdeleyerek deneyimsel turist rehberliği ile ilgili kavramsal bir çerçeve oluşturmak ve model önerisinde bulunmaktır. Çalışmada, deneyimsel turist rehberliği; turistin deneyimleme sürecini tasarlama, yürütme ve geliştirme bileşenlerinden oluşan deneyimsel rol performansı bağlamında kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Söz konusu model ise rehberin deneyimsel rol performansını ve turistin rehber eşliğindeki deneyimleme sürecini etkileyen faktörler (rehberin kişisel ve mesleki kaynakları, deneyimsel turist, destinasyon, deneyim ortamı, deneyim sağlayıcıları, yerel toplum ve küresel gelişmeler) ve bu sürecin çıktıları (rehbere, deneyimsel turiste, işletme ve destinasyona, turizm endüstrisine ve diğer sektörlere yönelik) ile oluşturulmuştur. Bu model, gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar için birçok öneri sunmaktadır.

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  • Pine, B. J. ve Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, (July-August) 1998, 97-105.
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  • Poon, A. (1993). Tourism, technology and competitive strategies. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
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  • Rabotic, B. (2010). Tourist guides in contemporary tourism. In International Conference on Tourism and Environment, Philip Noel-Baker University, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovian, 4-5 March, pp. 353-364.
  • Rajan, R. B. (2015). Experiential tourism: Understanding tourism trends today to prepare for tomorrow. Shanlax International Journal of Commerce, 3(1), 121-126.
  • Rather, R. A. ve Hollebeek, L. D. (2020). Experiential marketing for tourism destinations. In Saurabh Kumar Dixited (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Experience Management and Marketing (pp. 271-282). Routledge Publications
  • Reisinger, Y. ve Steiner, C. (2006). Reconceptualising ınterpretation: The role of tour guides in authentic tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 9(6), 481-498.
  • Same, S. ve Larimo, J. (2012). Marketing theory: Experience marketing and experiential marketing. 7th International Scientific Conference “Business and Management 2012”, Vilnius, Lithuania, pp. 480-487.
  • Sandaruwani, J. ve Gnanapala, W. (2016). The role of tourist guides and their impacts on sustainable tourism development: A critique on Sri Lanka. Paper presented at the Tourism, Leisure and Global Change 3.
  • Sanders, L. ve Simons, G. (2009). A social vision for value co-creation in design. Open Source Business Resource. http://www.osbr.ca/ojs/index.php/osbr/article/view/1012/973
  • Schamel, G. H. (2017). Wine and culinary tourism: Preferences of experiential consumers. BIO Web Conf., 9, 03021.
  • Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential marketing. New York: The Free Press
  • Seeler, S. ve Schanzel, H. A. (2019). From the fluidity of the experience economy to transformative experiences as a catalyst for positive change: The future of experiential travel. Journal of Tourism Futures, 5(2), 111-113.
  • Seyitoğlu, F. (2020). Tourists’ perceptions of the tour guides: The case of gastronomic tours in Istanbul. Anatolia, 31(3), 393-405.
  • Smith, W. L. (2006). Experiential tourism standards: The perceptions of rural tourism providers. Retriewed from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bcfe/b6af64d62d2b05c727f11700da12c09ee57c.pdf
  • Smith, W. L. (2005). Experiential tourism around the world and at home: Definitions and standards. International Journal of Services and Standards, Kansas.
  • Sommit, K. ve Boonpaisarnsatit, N. (2020). Experiential tourism development on Lanna local plant-based gastronomy. ABAC Journal, 40(4), 23- 38.
  • Sotomayor, S., Arroyo, C.G. ve Barbieri, C. (2019). Tradition and modernity side-by-side: Experiential tourism among Quechua communities. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 17(4), 377-393.
  • Southall, C. ve Robinson, P. (2011). Heritage tourism. In P. Robinson, S. Heitmann, & P. U. C. Dieke (Eds.), Research Themes for Tourism (pp. 176–187), London: CAB International
  • Stamboulis, Y. ve P. Skayannis (2003). Innovation strategies and technology for experience-based tourism. Tourism Management, 24, 35-43.
  • Sternberg, E. (1997). The iconography of the tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 24 (4), 951-969.
  • Stienmetz, J., Kim, J. J., Xiang, Z. ve Fesenmaier, D. R. (2020). Managing the structure of tourism experiences: Foundations for tourism design. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 100408.
  • Sundbo, J. ve Dixit, S. K. (2020). Conceptualizations of tourism experience. In S. K. Dixit (Ed.), Routledge Handbook on Tourism Experience Management and Marketing (pp. 15-26). Routledge
  • Sundbo, J. ve Hagedorn-Rasmussen, P. (2008). The backstaging of experience production. In J. Sundbo and P. Darmer (Eds.), Creating Experience in the Experience Economy, Cheltenham: Elgar
  • Sümbül, G. ve Karaman, S. (2020). Yerel kültürlerin turist rehberleri tarafından aktarılması. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 8(4), 2657-2681.
  • Sykes, D. M. ve Kelly, K. G. (2014). Motorcycle tourism demand generators and dynamic interaction leisure. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(1), 92-102.
  • Tan, C. (2017). A field trip approach to studying the role of tour guides in shaping the tourist experience. Journal of Mekong Societies, 13(2), 23- 44.
  • Teobaldi, M. ve Capineri, C. (2014). Experiential tourism and city attractiveness in tuscany. Rivista Geografica Italiana, 121(3), 259-274.
  • Tetik, N. (2016). The importance of interpretation role of tour guides in geotourism: Can we called them as geotour guides? International Journal of Education and Social Science, 3(2), 41-53.
  • Tiberghien, G., Bremner, H. ve Milne, S. (2020). Authenticity and disorientation in the tourism experience. J. Outdoor Recreat. Tour., 30, 100283.
  • Tresidder, R. ve Deakin Emmie, L. (2019). Historic buildings and the creation of experiencescapes: looking to the past for future success. Journal of Tourism Futures, 5(2), 193–201.
  • Tripadvisor (2019). TripAdvisor’s 2019 experiences trends report. Experıential Travel Trends 0f. 2019. Retrieved from https://www.tripadvisor.com/blog/experiential-travel-trends-health-wellness-family/
  • Trono, A., Ruppi, F., Mitrotti, F. ve Cortese, S. (2017). The via francigena salentina as an opportunity for experiential tourism and a territorial enhancement tool. Almatourism, 8, 20-41.
  • Tsai, C.Y., Wang, M-T. ve Tseng, H-T. (2016). The impact of tour guides’ physical attractiveness, sense of humor, and seniority on guide attention and efficiency. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(6), 824-836.
  • Tung, V.W.S. ve Ritchie, J.R.B. (2011). Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1367-1386.
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  • Yılmaz, G. (2018). Yerel yiyeceklerin deneyimlenmesinde turist rehberinin rolü. İçinde N. Hacıoğlu, C. Avcıkurt, A. Kılıç, H. Ulusoy Yıldırım (Edt.), Turist Rehberliği Üzerine Güncel Araştırmalar (ss. 373-384), Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Zátori A. (2016). Experiential travel and guided tours: Following the latest consumption trends. In M. Kozak ve N. Kozak (Eds.), Tourist Behaviour: An International Perspective (pp. 115-123), CAB International, Boston and Wallingford.
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Toplam 169 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Alaattin Başoda 0000-0001-7654-5849

Fatih Varol 0000-0002-0258-5220

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Ekim 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ekim 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Başoda, A., & Varol, F. (2022). Deneyimsel Turist Rehberliği: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve ve Model Önerisi. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(4), 1716-1738. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1050587
AMA Başoda A, Varol F. Deneyimsel Turist Rehberliği: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve ve Model Önerisi. MJSS. Ekim 2022;11(4):1716-1738. doi:10.33206/mjss.1050587
Chicago Başoda, Alaattin, ve Fatih Varol. “Deneyimsel Turist Rehberliği: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve Ve Model Önerisi”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11, sy. 4 (Ekim 2022): 1716-38. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1050587.
EndNote Başoda A, Varol F (01 Ekim 2022) Deneyimsel Turist Rehberliği: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve ve Model Önerisi. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11 4 1716–1738.
IEEE A. Başoda ve F. Varol, “Deneyimsel Turist Rehberliği: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve ve Model Önerisi”, MJSS, c. 11, sy. 4, ss. 1716–1738, 2022, doi: 10.33206/mjss.1050587.
ISNAD Başoda, Alaattin - Varol, Fatih. “Deneyimsel Turist Rehberliği: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve Ve Model Önerisi”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11/4 (Ekim 2022), 1716-1738. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1050587.
JAMA Başoda A, Varol F. Deneyimsel Turist Rehberliği: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve ve Model Önerisi. MJSS. 2022;11:1716–1738.
MLA Başoda, Alaattin ve Fatih Varol. “Deneyimsel Turist Rehberliği: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve Ve Model Önerisi”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 4, 2022, ss. 1716-38, doi:10.33206/mjss.1050587.
Vancouver Başoda A, Varol F. Deneyimsel Turist Rehberliği: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve ve Model Önerisi. MJSS. 2022;11(4):1716-38.

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