The Effect of Nordic Walking Exercise Training on Physical Fitness, Physical Activity Level, Anxiety-Depression and Quality of Life in Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Öz

Aim: The aim of study was to investigate effects of nordic walking exercise (NWE) on physical fitness, physical activity, anxiety-depression level and quality of life in smokers. Material and Methods: 30 smoking individuals with a mean age of 31.45±12.75 years were assigned randomly into two groups: NWE (n=15) or control group (n=15). NWE group performed NWE three times a week for 6 weeks and gradually increasing to 45 min a day. No intervention was made in control group. The health-related physical fitness level was assessed with arm curl test (upper extremity endurance), chair sit and stand test (lower extremity endurance), two minutes step test (aerobic endurance), sit and reach and back scratch test (flexibility), eight foot up and go test (balance), 6-minute walk test (MWT) (cardiopulmonary endurance). Physical activity levels with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form, anxiety-depression level with Beck Depression Questionnaire, quality of life with Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) were evaluated. The differences in measurement parameters between two groups were evaluated by the Mann Whitney U Test since the data distribution was nonparametric. The distinction between categorical variables were determined by Chi-square test. Results: 6-MWT distance (p=0.005), two minutes step (p=0.022), IPAQ walking scores (p=0.028) statistically significant improvements were observed in NWE group. In control group, 6 MWT distance (p=0.025), two minutes step (p=0.032), sit and reach (p=0.043) scores decreased statistically significantly. 6 MWT distance (p=0.006), two minutes step (p=0.021), 8 foot up and go (p=0.005), IPAQ walking (p=0.045), moderate intensity activity (p=0.038), total scores (p=0.013), NHP emotional (p=0.045), total (p=0.045) scores significantly differed in favor of NWE group. Conclusion: It is thought that NWE may be effective and alternative exercise approache in increasing physical fitness, physical activity level and quality of life in smokers and guided to rehabilitation programme.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• nordic waliking
• smoking
• physical fitness
• physical activity
• quality of life

Sigara İçen Bireylerde Kuzey Yürüyüş Egzersiz Eğitiminin, Fiziksel Uygunluk, Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi, Anksiyete-Depresyon ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı sigara içen bireylerde kuzey yürüyüş egzersizinin (KYE) fiziksel uygunluk, fiziksel aktivite, anksiyete-depresyon düzeyi ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yaş ortalaması 31,45±12,75 yıl olan 30 sigara içen birey rastgele olarak iki gruba ayrıldı: KYE (n=15) veya kontrol grubu (n=15). KYE grubu, 6 hafta ve dereceli olarak artarak günde 45 dakika boyunca haftada üç kez KYE yaptı. Kontrol grubuna herhangi bir müdahale yapılmadı. Sağlıkla ilgili fiziksel uygunluk düzeyi, kol bükme testi (üst ekstremite enduransı) ve sandalyede otur kalk testi (alt ekstremite enduransı), iki dakika adım testi (aerobik endurans) otur ve uzan ve sırt kaşıma testi (esneklik), sekiz adım kalk ve yürü testi (denge), 6 dakikalık yürüme testi (DYT) (kardiyopulmoner endurans) ile değerlendirildi. Fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin (UFAA) kısa formu, anksiyete-depresyon düzeyi Beck Depresyon Anketi, yaşam kalitesi Nottingham Sağlık Profili (NSP) ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: KYE grubunda, 6 DYT mesafesi (p=0.005), iki dakika adım (p=0.022), UFAA yürüme (p=0.028) skorlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iyileşmeler gözlendi. Kontrol grubunda 6 DYT mesafesi (p=0.025), iki dakika adım (p=0.032), otur-uzan (p=0.043) test skorları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde azaldı. 6 DYT mesafesi (p=0.006), iki dakika adım (p=0.021), 8 adım kalk yürü (p=0.005) testleri, UFAA yürüme (p=0.045), UFAA orta şiddetli aktivite (p=0.038), toplam puan (p=0,013), NSP duygusal (p=0,045) ve toplam (p=0,045) puan alt parametreleri iki grup arasında KYE grubu lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklıydı. Sonuç: KYE’nin sigara içen kişilerde fiziksel uygunluk, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve yaşam kalitesini artırmada etkili ve alternatif bir egzersiz yaklaşımı olabileceği ve rehabilitasyon programlarına yön vereceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kuzey yürüyüşü
• sigara
• fiziksel uygunluk
• fiziksel aktivite
• yaşam kalitesi

Kaynakça

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