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Yıl 2013, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 23, 313 - 333, 26.10.2013

Said Gözlügöl

Öz

It is widely recognised that the unregulated international trade in conventional arms has become an exacerbating factor in armed conflicts, violent crimes, and internal repression and therefore has negative externalities and adverse effects on both national and international security. With this regard, the unregulated international trade in conventional arms has long been one of the important subjects of discussion in a variety of fora at both national and international levels. In recent efforts, having acknowledged the benefits from the regulation of international arms transfers and the coordination of controls, international community, notable the United Nations has attempted to deal with the question of arms control through international law, namely the Arms Trade Treaty and establish an international law regime. Turkey also has signed the treaty and took part in the process. As per cruel conflicts all around the world continue, particularly in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, it is important to take preventive and effective measures and actions at both national and international levels to lessen the adverse effects of the armed conflicts. In this regard, this article surveys this significant contribution by the United Nations to the legal regulation of the international arms trade

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • Bellal, Annyssa, Casey-Maslen, Stuart & Giacca, Gilles (2011). 'Implications of International Law for a Future Arms Trade Treaty.' The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) Resources, pp. 1-26. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2231378 [Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2013].
  • Central American Integration System (2006). Code of Conduct of Central American States on the Transfer of Arms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other Related Materiel. A/CONF.192/2006/RC/WP.6, Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, New York, 26 June - 7 July 2006. http://www.poa-iss.org/RegionalOrganizations/SICA/CentralAmerica-CodeofConduct-English.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2013].
  • DellaVigna, Stefano & La Ferrara, Eliana (2007). 'Detecting Illegal Arms Trade.' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 13355, pp. 1-50. http://www.nber.org/papers/w13355 [Erişim Tarihi: 17.04.2013].
  • Fiott, Daniel & Prizeman, Katherine (2013). 'The Arms Trade Treaty and the Control of Dual-Use of Goods and Technologies: What Can the European Union's Export Control Regime Offer?' IES Working Paper 1/2013. Institute for European Studies, the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 13 March 2013, pp. 1-25. http://www.ies.be/workingpapers [Erişim Tarihi: 29.08.2013].
  • Gallant, Kenneth S. (2012). 'Charles Taylor, Arms Dealers, and Reparations.' JURIST, Academic Commentary, University of Arkansas at Little Rock – William H. Bowen School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-08, pp. 1-6. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2079768 [Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.2013].
  • Gözlügöl, Said Vakkas (2012). 'Still Slave Trade? The Missing Link in the Dignity of Humanity.' Human Rights Review, 2(1), pp. 17-51.
  • Grimmett, Richard F. (2006). Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1998-2005, CRS Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service. http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/transfers/transparency/national_reports/united_states/CRS_Report_DN_98-05.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2013].
  • Holtom, Paul (2012). 'Prohibiting Arms Transfers to Non-State Actors and the Arms Trade Treaty.' The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) Resources, pp. 1-18. http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/transfers [Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2013].
  • Kopel, David B., Gallant, Paul & Eisen, Joanne D. (2010). 'How Many Global Deaths from Arms? Reasons to Question the 740,000 Factoid Being Used to Promote the Arms Trade Treaty.' New York University Journal of Law & Liberty, 5(3), pp. 672-715.
  • Nauwelaerts, Philip (1989). 'Military Budgets, Underdevelopment and Dependency.' Africa Focus, 5(1-2), pp. 5-20.
  • Olvera, Gustavo Mauricio Bastien (2011). 'Non-state Actors and Human Rights: The Case of Arms Manufacturers.' Amsterdam Law Forum, 3(3), pp. 114-119.
  • Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (1993). Principles Governing Conventional Arms Transfers, DOC.FSC/3/96, Vienna, 25 November 1993. http://www.osce.org/fsc/42313 [Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2013].
  • Singh, Ajit (2007). 'Socio-Economic Impact of Arms Transfers to Developing Countries.' Peace & Conflict Review, 2(1), pp. 1-10.
  • Small Arms Survey (2013). Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers. Geneva. http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/?small-arms-survey-2013 [Erişim Tarihi: 05.08.2013].
  • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) (2013). SIPRI Yearbook 2013: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, Summary, Sweden. http://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2013/files/SIPRIYB13Summary.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 27.07.2013].
  • Stohl, Rachel (2005). 'Fighting the Illicit Trafficking of Small Arms.' SAIS Review of International Affairs, 25(1), pp. 59-68.
  • The Council of the European Union (1998). European Union Code of Conduct on Arms Exports, 8675/2/98, Brussels. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/08675r2en8.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2013].
  • The Geneva Conventions of 1949, 12 August 1949, and their Additional Protocols. http://www.icrc.org/eng/war-and-law/treaties-customary-law/geneva-conventions/index.jsp [Erişim Tarihi: 23.08.2013].
  • The Special Court for Sierra Leone (2012). The Prosecutor vs. Charles Ghankay Taylor, 26 April 2012. http://www.sc-sl.org/CASES/ProsecutorvsCharlesTaylor/tabid/107/Default.aspx [Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2013].
  • The United Nations General Assembly (1999). Report of the Group of Governmental Experts on Small Arms, A/54/258, 19 August 1999, pp. 1-25. http://www.poa-iss.org/CASAUpload/ELibrary/A-55-189.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2013].
  • The United Nations General Assembly (2013). The Arms Trade Treaty, opened for signiture and ratification on 2 April 2013. http://www.un.org/disarmament/ATT/ [Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2013].
  • The United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. http://www.un.org/disarmament/ATT/ [Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2013].
  • The United Nations General Assembly, The Charter of the United Nations, signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, and came into force on 24 October 1945 http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/ [Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2013].
  • Wilson, Brian (2010). 'The Long –and Unfinished Road- to Globally Regulating Small Arms and Light Weapons.' American Diplomacy, Commentary and Analysis, s. 1-7. http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2010/0103/comm/wilson_unfinished.html (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2013].
  • Yetkin, Murat (2013, Ağustos 17). 'Mısır'da Darbe ve ABD Silah Ticareti.' Radikal.

Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Silah Ticareti Antlaşması / United Nations International Arms Trade Treaty

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 23, 313 - 333, 26.10.2013

Said Gözlügöl

Öz

Uluslararası düzeyde, konvansiyonel silahların hukukdışı ticareti, silahlı çatışmalar, şiddet suçları, siviller üzerinde baskı ve zulümleri artırıcı önemli bir faktör olarak ulusal ve uluslararası güvenlik sistemlerine açık bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Günümüzde bütün dünyada, özellikle Asya, Afrika ve Orta Doğu'da acımasız silahlı çatışmalar devam ederken, bu silahlı çatışmaların telafisi hemen hemen imkansız olan etkilerini azaltmak için hem ulusal düzeylerde hem de uluslararası düzeyde önleyici ve etkin tedbirler almak ve düzenlemelerde bulunmak son derece önemlidir. Bu itibarla, uluslararası hukukdışı silah transferinin kontrol altına alınması gereği, başta Birleşmiş Milletler olmak üzere pek çok forumda uzun süredir önemli tartışma ve ednişe konusu olmuştur.

Nihayet, konvansiyonel silahların uluslararası alanda transferinin uluslararası hukuka uygun şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi çabası Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Silah Ticareti Antlaşması ile somutlaşmaya başlamış bulunmaktadır. Türkiye de bu çabaya antlaşmayı imzalayarak katılmış bulunmaktadır. Esas itibarıyla bu makalede, söz konusu antlaşmayla öngörülen uluslararası hukuk rejimi ve beklentileri inceleme konusu yapılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hukukdışı uluslararası silah ticareti, Birleşmiş Billetler Silah Ticareti Antlaşması, uluslararası kamu hukuku, uluslararası barış, güvenlik ve istikrar.

Abstract

It is widely recognised that the unregulated international trade in conventional arms has become an exacerbating factor in armed conflicts, violent crimes, and internal repression and therefore has negative externalities and adverse effects on both national and international security. With this regard, the unregulated international trade in conventional arms has long been one of the important subjects of discussion in a variety of fora at both national and international levels. In recent efforts, having acknowledged the benefits from the regulation of international arms transfers and the coordination of controls, international community, notable the United Nations has attempted to deal with the question of arms control through international law, namely the Arms Trade Treaty and establish an international law regime. Turkey also has signed the treaty and took part in the process.

As per cruel conflicts all around the world continue, particularly in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, it is important to take preventive and effective measures and actions at both national and international levels to lessen the adverse effects of the armed conflicts. In this regard, this article surveys this significant contribution by the United Nations to the legal regulation of the international arms trade.

Key Words: Irregular international arms trade, United Nations Arms Trade Treaty, public international law, international peace, security and stability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hukukdışı uluslararası silah ticareti Birleşmiş Billetler Silah Ticareti Antlaşması uluslararası kamu hukuku uluslararası barış güvenlik ve istikrar

Kaynakça

  • Bellal, Annyssa, Casey-Maslen, Stuart & Giacca, Gilles (2011). 'Implications of International Law for a Future Arms Trade Treaty.' The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) Resources, pp. 1-26. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2231378 [Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2013].
  • Central American Integration System (2006). Code of Conduct of Central American States on the Transfer of Arms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other Related Materiel. A/CONF.192/2006/RC/WP.6, Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, New York, 26 June - 7 July 2006. http://www.poa-iss.org/RegionalOrganizations/SICA/CentralAmerica-CodeofConduct-English.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2013].
  • DellaVigna, Stefano & La Ferrara, Eliana (2007). 'Detecting Illegal Arms Trade.' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 13355, pp. 1-50. http://www.nber.org/papers/w13355 [Erişim Tarihi: 17.04.2013].
  • Fiott, Daniel & Prizeman, Katherine (2013). 'The Arms Trade Treaty and the Control of Dual-Use of Goods and Technologies: What Can the European Union's Export Control Regime Offer?' IES Working Paper 1/2013. Institute for European Studies, the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 13 March 2013, pp. 1-25. http://www.ies.be/workingpapers [Erişim Tarihi: 29.08.2013].
  • Gallant, Kenneth S. (2012). 'Charles Taylor, Arms Dealers, and Reparations.' JURIST, Academic Commentary, University of Arkansas at Little Rock – William H. Bowen School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-08, pp. 1-6. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2079768 [Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.2013].
  • Gözlügöl, Said Vakkas (2012). 'Still Slave Trade? The Missing Link in the Dignity of Humanity.' Human Rights Review, 2(1), pp. 17-51.
  • Grimmett, Richard F. (2006). Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1998-2005, CRS Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service. http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/transfers/transparency/national_reports/united_states/CRS_Report_DN_98-05.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2013].
  • Holtom, Paul (2012). 'Prohibiting Arms Transfers to Non-State Actors and the Arms Trade Treaty.' The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) Resources, pp. 1-18. http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/transfers [Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2013].
  • Kopel, David B., Gallant, Paul & Eisen, Joanne D. (2010). 'How Many Global Deaths from Arms? Reasons to Question the 740,000 Factoid Being Used to Promote the Arms Trade Treaty.' New York University Journal of Law & Liberty, 5(3), pp. 672-715.
  • Nauwelaerts, Philip (1989). 'Military Budgets, Underdevelopment and Dependency.' Africa Focus, 5(1-2), pp. 5-20.
  • Olvera, Gustavo Mauricio Bastien (2011). 'Non-state Actors and Human Rights: The Case of Arms Manufacturers.' Amsterdam Law Forum, 3(3), pp. 114-119.
  • Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (1993). Principles Governing Conventional Arms Transfers, DOC.FSC/3/96, Vienna, 25 November 1993. http://www.osce.org/fsc/42313 [Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2013].
  • Singh, Ajit (2007). 'Socio-Economic Impact of Arms Transfers to Developing Countries.' Peace & Conflict Review, 2(1), pp. 1-10.
  • Small Arms Survey (2013). Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers. Geneva. http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/?small-arms-survey-2013 [Erişim Tarihi: 05.08.2013].
  • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) (2013). SIPRI Yearbook 2013: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, Summary, Sweden. http://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2013/files/SIPRIYB13Summary.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 27.07.2013].
  • Stohl, Rachel (2005). 'Fighting the Illicit Trafficking of Small Arms.' SAIS Review of International Affairs, 25(1), pp. 59-68.
  • The Council of the European Union (1998). European Union Code of Conduct on Arms Exports, 8675/2/98, Brussels. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/08675r2en8.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2013].
  • The Geneva Conventions of 1949, 12 August 1949, and their Additional Protocols. http://www.icrc.org/eng/war-and-law/treaties-customary-law/geneva-conventions/index.jsp [Erişim Tarihi: 23.08.2013].
  • The Special Court for Sierra Leone (2012). The Prosecutor vs. Charles Ghankay Taylor, 26 April 2012. http://www.sc-sl.org/CASES/ProsecutorvsCharlesTaylor/tabid/107/Default.aspx [Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2013].
  • The United Nations General Assembly (1999). Report of the Group of Governmental Experts on Small Arms, A/54/258, 19 August 1999, pp. 1-25. http://www.poa-iss.org/CASAUpload/ELibrary/A-55-189.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2013].
  • The United Nations General Assembly (2013). The Arms Trade Treaty, opened for signiture and ratification on 2 April 2013. http://www.un.org/disarmament/ATT/ [Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2013].
  • The United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. http://www.un.org/disarmament/ATT/ [Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2013].
  • The United Nations General Assembly, The Charter of the United Nations, signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, and came into force on 24 October 1945 http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/ [Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2013].
  • Wilson, Brian (2010). 'The Long –and Unfinished Road- to Globally Regulating Small Arms and Light Weapons.' American Diplomacy, Commentary and Analysis, s. 1-7. http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2010/0103/comm/wilson_unfinished.html (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2013].
  • Yetkin, Murat (2013, Ağustos 17). 'Mısır'da Darbe ve ABD Silah Ticareti.' Radikal.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Said Gözlügöl

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ekim 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 23

Kaynak Göster

APA Gözlügöl, S. (2013). Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Silah Ticareti Antlaşması / United Nations International Arms Trade Treaty. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(23), 313-333.
AMA Gözlügöl S. Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Silah Ticareti Antlaşması / United Nations International Arms Trade Treaty. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. Aralık 2013;10(23):313-333.
Chicago Gözlügöl, Said. “Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Silah Ticareti Antlaşması / United Nations International Arms Trade Treaty”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 10, sy. 23 (Aralık 2013): 313-33.
EndNote Gözlügöl S (01 Aralık 2013) Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Silah Ticareti Antlaşması / United Nations International Arms Trade Treaty. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 10 23 313–333.
IEEE S. Gözlügöl, “Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Silah Ticareti Antlaşması / United Nations International Arms Trade Treaty”, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 23, ss. 313–333, 2013.
ISNAD Gözlügöl, Said. “Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Silah Ticareti Antlaşması / United Nations International Arms Trade Treaty”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 10/23 (Aralık 2013), 313-333.
JAMA Gözlügöl S. Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Silah Ticareti Antlaşması / United Nations International Arms Trade Treaty. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2013;10:313–333.
MLA Gözlügöl, Said. “Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Silah Ticareti Antlaşması / United Nations International Arms Trade Treaty”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 23, 2013, ss. 313-3.
Vancouver Gözlügöl S. Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Silah Ticareti Antlaşması / United Nations International Arms Trade Treaty. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2013;10(23):313-3.
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