Determination of fungal and bacterial species and their densities in fruit and airborne microbiota in citrus packing houses located in Hatay province

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to determine fungal and bacterial species and their densities in fruit and airborne microbiota in citrus packing houses located in Antakya, Dörtyol and Erzin districts of Hatay province.

Methods and Results: Investigation were conducted in citrus fruit packing houses in Hatay province in 2020-2021. In order to determine the airborne microbiota, the nutrient media were placed in 3 different regions of the packing houses (product entrance, fruit processing and product dispatch). Fruit-borne fungal and bacterial isolates were obtained from the deliberately selected rotten fruits. Fungal and bacterial isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and MALDI-TOF proteomic analysis. Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Mucor circinelloides, Xanthomonas hortorum, Pantoea eucrina, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Pseudescherichia vulneris, Bacelliotymegatibia vulnerica, Bacelliot, eucrina, Leclercia adecarboxylata and Pseudescherichia vulnerica were determined as airborne fungal and bacterial species. Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Fusarium solani, Geotrichum citri-auranti, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Phytophthora sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Geotrichum candidum, Erwinia herbicola, Xanthomonas hortorum were isolated and identified as fruit borne fungal and bacterial species on infected fruits.

Conclusions: It has been observed that the airborne microbiota density is quite higher in the fruit processing section of the packinghouses, while the microbiota density is low in the product acceptance (entry) and dispatch (exit) sections because of proper ventilation.

Significance and Impact of the Study: Airborne fungal and bacterial microbiota in the packinghouses can be easily transported by air movements and remain suspended in the air for a certain period of time, causing symptoms such as deterioration and rot in fruits. Since some of identified airborne bacterial and fungal species are known as allergens or human pathogens, necessary advices were given about the sanitation measures which should be taken into consideration in commercial citrus packinghouses.

Keywords

• Citrus
• packinghouses
• post-harvest diseases
• MALDI-TOF
• air/fruit borne microbiota.

Hatay ilinde yer alan turunçgil paketleme tesislerinde meyve ve hava kökenli mikrobiyata içerisindeki fungal ve bakteriyel türler ile yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Hatay ilinin Antakya, Dörtyol ve Erzin ilçelerinde bulunan turunçgil meyve paketleme tesislerinde meyve ve hava kökenli mikrobiyata içerisinde yer alan fungal ve bakteriyel mikrobiyota türlerini ve yoğunluklarını belirlemektir.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Hatay ilinde bulunan turunçgil meyve paketleme tesislerinde 2020-2021 aylarında incelemeler yapılmıştır. Hava kökenli mikrobiyotanın belirlenmesi için besi yerleri paketleme tesislerinin 3 farklı bölümüne (ürün kabul, ürün işleme ve ürün çıkışı) yerleştirilmiştir. Tesislerdeki meyve kökenli mikrobiyotanın belirlenmesi için, güdümlü olarak seçilen meyvelerden (bozulma, yumuşama, çürüme vb. gözlenen) ayrıca fungal ve bakteriyel izolatlar elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen fungal ve bakteriyel izolatların morfolojik, biyokimyasal ve MALDI-TOF proteomik yöntemler ile tanılanmışlardır. Yapılan izolasyonlar ve tanılamalar sonucunda Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Mucor circinelloides, Xanthomonas hortorum, Pantoea eucrina, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Pseudescherichia vulneris, Bacillus megaterium, Lelliottia amnigena, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus subtilis, Erwinia herbicola hava kökenli fungal ve bakteriyel türler olarak belirlenmiştir. Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Fusarium solani, Geotrichum citri-auranti, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Phytophthora sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Geotrichum candidum, Erwinia herbicola, Xanthomonas hortorum ise enfekteli meyve kökenli fungal ve bakteriyel türler olarak belirlenmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Hava kökenli mikrobiyotanın paketleme tesislerinin ürün işleme bölümünde oldukça yoğun olduğu, ürün kabul (giriş) ve sevk (çıkış) alanlarında ise uygun hava sirkülasyonundan dolayı yoğunluğun az olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Paketleme tesislerindeki hava kökenli fungal ve bakteriyel mikrobiyotanın hava hareketleri ile kolayca taşınabilmesi ve havada belli süre askıda kalması nedeniyle meyvelerde bozulma ve çürüme gibi belirtilerin çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Tanılaması yapılan hava kökenli bazı bakteri türlerinin alerjen veya insan patojeni olmaları nedeniyle paketleme evlerine alınması gereken sanitasyon önlemleri hususunda gerekli bilgilendirmeler yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turunçgil
• paketleme tesi
• hasat sonu hastalıklar
• MALDI-TOF
• hava/meyve kökenli mikrobiyota

Kaynakça

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