Türkiye’s peach and nectarine exports: An empirical analysis with normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) indexes

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the competitiveness of Türkiye in peach and nectarine exports through the use of normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) indexes, encompassing cross-product group, cross-country, and cross-period comparisons. For this purpose, calculations were made based on HS-6 coded peach and nectarine, apricot, cherry, sour cherry and plum foreign trade data of Türkiye, Spain, the USA, Chile, Italy and Greece for 2001-2023. The study indicates that Türkiye's comparative advantage in peaches and nectarines increased significantly after 2016. The cross-product group comparison indicates that Türkiye has a competitive advantage in peaches and nectarines relative to other stone fruit exports, including apricots, cherries, and plums. However, especially in recent years, Türkiye has been at a comparative disadvantage in peach and nectarine exports relative to cherries. Regarding cross-country comparison, Türkiye has a comparative advantage over other major peach and nectarine exporters (Italy, Chile, USA and Greece). On the other hand, Türkiye has a comparative disadvantage compared to Spain, the world's largest exporter of peaches and nectarines. In terms of periodic comparison results, Türkiye has increased its competitiveness during the analysis period compared to previous years. To maintain and stabilize competitiveness, more exports are needed to different markets, particularly Canada, Mexico, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany and Saudi Arabia.

Keywords

• Peach and nectarine
• export
• competitiveness
• Normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA)

Türkiye’nin şeftali ve nektarin ihracatı: Normalleştirilmiş açıklanmış karşılaştırılmalı üstünlük (NRCA) endeksleri ile ampirik bir analiz

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin şeftali ve nektarin ihracatındaki rekabet gücünü normalleştirilmiş açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlük (NRCA) endeksleri (çapraz ürün grubu, çapraz ülke ve dönemsel karşılaştırmalar) ile analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla, 2001-2023 dönemine ait Türkiye, İspanya, ABD, Şili, İtalya ve Yunanistan’ın HS-6 Kodlu şeftali ve nektarin, kayısı, kiraz, vişne ve erik dış ticareti verileri üzerinden hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya göre, Türkiye’nin şeftali ve nektarindeki karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğü 2016 yılından sonra önemli derecede artmıştır. Çapraz ürün grubu karşılaştırmasına göre, Türkiye’nin şeftali ve nektarinde diğer sert çekirdekli yaş mevye (kayısı, vişne ve erik) ihracatına karşı rekabet üstünlüğüne sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın, özellikle son yıllarda kiraza göre Türkiye’nin şeftali ve nektarin ihracatında karşılaştırmalı dezavantaja sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çapraz ülke karşılaştırması açısından; Türkiye’nin, şeftali ve nektarin ihraç eden diğer başlıca ülkeler (İtalya, Şili, ABD ve Yunanistan) karşısında karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğe sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Buna karşın, dünyanın en çok şeftali ve nektarin ihracatı yapan İspanya’ya göre karşılaştırmalı dezavantaja sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Dönemsel karşılaştırma sonuçları açısından Türkiye analiz dönemi boyunca önceki yıllara göre rekabet gücünü arttırmıştır. Rekabet gücünün korunması ve daha istikrarlı hale getirilebilmesi için başta Kanada, Meksika, İsviçre, Birleşik Krallık, Belçika, Almanya ve Suudi Arabistan olmak üzere farklı pazarlara daha fazla ihracat yapılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Şeftali ve nektarin
• ihracat
• rekabet gücü
• Normalleştirilmiş açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlükler (NRCA)

Kaynakça

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