Çiçeklenme sonrası kuraklık stresi: aspir çeşitlerinde tohum dolumu ve taşınımı üzerindeki etkileri

Öz

Kuraklık stresinin tetiklediği tüm bitki yaşlanması sırasında bitkiler, tohum gelişimini desteklemek amacıyla vejetatif rezervlerde depolanan asimilantları mobilize etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kimyasal kurutucu kullanılarak simüle edilen kuraklık koşullarında vejetatif rezervlerin tohum gelişimine katkısı değerlendirilmiş ve kuraklığa dayanıklı aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) çeşitlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, Türkiye'nin yarı kurak bir bölgesinde dokuz aspir çeşidi kullanılarak tarla koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Kuraklık stresi, çiçeklenme sonrası dönemde bitkilere potasyum klorat uygulanarak oluşturulmuştur. Çeşitler arasında, rezerv fotosentetik asimilatları taşıma kapasitesi ve çiçeklenme sonrası kuraklık stresine verdikleri tepkiler bakımından önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, Dinçer ve Linas çeşitlerinin yüksek yaprak SPAD değerleri (36.47–53.86), yaprak sıcaklığı (23.40–25.22°C) ve nispi su içeriği (%54.17–72.71) sergilediğini göstermiştir. Balcı çeşidi yüksek kuru madde taşınımı (2.76–10.10 mg tohum⁻¹), kuru madde taşınım verimliliği (%16,37–51,95) gösterirken, Safir çeşidi hem kontrol koşullarında (%32.76–39.19) hem de stres koşullarında (%18.25–25.25) yüksek yağ oranı sergilemiştir. Hasankendi çeşidinde yüksek tane ağırlığı kaybı (%23.33–49.22) belirlenmiştir. Linas çeşidi yüksek ortalama verim (101–162 kg da⁻¹) gösterirken, Olas ve Yekta çeşitleri yüksek tohum verimi toleransı (34.9–71.4 kg da⁻¹) ile dikkat çekmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, çiçeklenme sonrası asimilat depolanması, kuraklığa dayanıklı aspir genotiplerinin seçimi için önemli bir gösterge olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kimyasal desikant
• kuraklık stresi
• aspir
• translokasyon

Post-anthesis drought stress: impacts on seed filling and translocation in safflower cultivars

Öz

During whole plant senescence induced by drought stress, plants mobilize assimilates stored in vegetative reserves to support seed development. This study aimed to evaluate the contributions of vegetative reserves to seed development under drought conditions simulated using chemical desiccant and to identify drought-resistant safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars. The study was conducted under field conditions in a semi-arid region of Türkiye using nine safflower cultivars. Drought stress was induced by applying potassium chlorate to the plants during the post-flowering period. Significant differences were observed among cultivars in their capacity to translocate reserve photosynthetic assimilates and in their responses to post-anthesis drought stress. The results indicated that the Dinçer and Linas cultivars exhibited high leaf SPAD values (36.47–53.86), leaf temperatures (23.40–25.22°C), and relative water content (54.17–72.71%). The Balcı cultivar exhibited high dry matter translocation (2.76–10.10 mg seed⁻¹), dry matter translocation efficiency (16.37–51.95%), whereas the Safir cultivar showed high oil content under control conditions (32.76–39.19%), and oil content under stress conditions (18.25–25.25%). The Hasankendi cultivar had a high grain weight reduction (23.33–49.22%). The Linas cultivar demonstrated high mean productivity (101–162 kg da⁻¹), while the Olas and Yekta cultivars exhibited high seed yield tolerance (34.9–71.4 kg da⁻¹). According to the results, post-anthesis assimilate storage is an important indicator for the selection of drought-tolerant safflower genotypes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chemical desiccant
• drought stress
• safflower
• translocation

Etik Beyan

This article does not require ethical approval as there are no experiments with human or animal subjects.

Teşekkür

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. Alpay Balkan for his valuable support.

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