Inheritance of spininess and flower color in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Öz

In safflower, spininess and flower color are key heritable traits widely used as reliable morphological and phenotypic markers in breeding programs. This study aimed to elucidate the mode of inheritance and the number of genes controlling spininess and flower color by analyzing segregation patterns in the F₁ and F₂ generations derived from a cross between two contrasting parental varieties, ‘Dinçer 5-18-1’ (spineless with red flowers) and ‘Olas’ (spiny with yellow flowers). Flower color and the presence or absence of spines on leaves and bracts were recorded at the end of the flowering stage for F₁ hybrids and individual F₂ plants. Phenotypic segregation ratios in the F₂ population were evaluated using the chi-square (χ²) test. Segregation analysis in the F₂ population showed with spininess fitting a 3:1 segregation model, indicating that the spiny phenotype is controlled by a single dominant gene over spinelessness. Flower color segregation conformed to a 9:3:4 ratio, where yellow was dominant in the F₁ generation, and the F₂ population segregated into yellow, orange, and red phenotypes due to recessive epistasis between two loci, with the homozygous recessive condition masking the expression of the second gene. This study shows that spininess in safflower is inherited as a simple monogenic trait with complete dominance, flower color is controlled by the interaction of multiple genes showing both dominant and recessive epistatic effects between extra-allelic loci.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Carthamus tinctorius
• Flower color
• Epistasis
• Inheritance
• Spininess

Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’de dikenlilik ve çiçek renginin kalıtımı

Öz

Aspirde dikenlilik ve çiçek rengi, ıslah programlarında güvenilir morfolojik ve fenotipik belirteçler olarak yaygın olarak kullanılan temel kalıtsal özelliklerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı , iki zıt ebeveyn çeşidi olan ‘Dinçer 5-18-1’ (kırmızı çiçekli dikensiz) ve ‘Olas’ (sarı çiçekli dikenli) arasında yapılan melezlemelerden elde edilen F₁ ve F₂ nesillerindeki segregasyon modellerini analiz ederek, dikenlilik ve çiçek rengini kontrol eden genlerin kalıtım şeklini ve sayısını belirlemektir. Çiçeklenme aşamasının sonunda F₁ melezlerinde ve bireysel F₂ bitkilerinde çiçek rengi ve yapraklarda ve braktelerde dikenlerin varlığı veya yokluğu kaydedilmiştir. F₂ popülasyonundaki fenotipik segregasyon oranları ki-kare (χ²) testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. F₂ popülasyonunda yapılan segregasyon analizinde, dikenlilik 3:1 segregasyon modeline uymuş ve bu da dikenli fenotipin dikensizliğe göre tek bir baskın gen tarafından kontrol edildiğini göstermiştir. Çiçek rengi segregasyonu 9:3:4 oranına uymuş; F₁ neslinde sarı baskın olmuş, F₂ popülasyonu iki lokus arasındaki resesif epistaz nedeniyle sarı, turuncu ve kırmızı fenotiplere ayrılmış; homozigot resesif durum ikinci genin ifadesini maskelemiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, aspirde dikenliliğin, tam baskınlığa sahip basit bir monogenik özellik olarak kalıtıldığını, çiçek renginin, alel dışı lokuslar arasında hem baskın hem de çekinik epistatik etkiler gösteren birden fazla genin etkileşimiyle kontrol edildiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Carthamus tinctorius
• Çiçek rengi
• Dikenlilik
• Epistasis
• Kalıtım

Kaynakça

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