Sorghum halepense L. (Pers).'nin bazı güçlü bitki türleri ile rekabetçi yeteneği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 110 - 115, 27.08.2019

Ayşe Yazlık , İlhan Üremiş

Öz

Amaç: Yüksek rekabet
gücüne sahip bitki türleri, çevresel değişimlerin de etkisiyle, mevcut
kaynakların kullanımında önemli avantajlara sahiptir. Bu nedenle yüksek yayılım
yeteneğine sahip olan türlerin rekabet yeteneklerine etki eden faktörlerin
tespiti, bu türlerin yayılımını engellemek için kullanılabilecek stratejilerin
belirlenmesinde önemli rol oynar.  Bu
çalışmada Sorghum halepense ile Bromus japonicus (Japon bromu -
BROJA), Salvia fruticosa (Anadolu adaçayı - SALFR), Festuca rubra var. rubra (rizomlu kırmızı yumak - FESRU) ve Festuca ovina (koyun  yumağı - FESOV) arasındaki rekabet ilişkisi
araştırılmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Rekabet denemeleri sterilize
edilmiş 9 cm çapındaki petri kaplarında laboratuvar ortamında yürütülmüştür.
Sonuçlara göre rekabet ilişkileri ölçülen; SORHA – BROJA, BROJA – SORHA, SORHA
- FESOV ve FESOV- SORHA gövde ve kök uzunluklarının, SORHA – FESRU ve FESRU-
SORHA arasında gövde ağırlıklarının, SORHA - SALFR ve SALFR- SORHA arasında ise
gövde uzunluklarının arasındaki fark türlerin kontrollerine göre önemlidir. 

Genel Yorum: Tüm türler arasındaki yüksek
bir etkileşim mevcuttur.  Bu durum
seçilen türlerin tür kompozisyonlarında birbirlerinden ciddi oranda
etkilenmelerinin zor olacağına işaret edebilir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Yüksek rekabet gücü gösteren
türler bulundukları alanlarda baskın tür olma yeteneği gösterebilir. Bu durum
ise biyolojik çeşitliliğe karşı önemli tehditlere neden olabilir. Dolayısıyla
güçlü bitki türlerinin birbirleri üzerindeki rekabet yeteneklerinin tespitine
yönelik çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler, biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunmasına
yönelik alınabilecek yönetim ve/veya tedbir alma çalışmalarında kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

rekabet, karşılaştırma, Sorghum, Bromus, Festuca, Salvia

Destekleyen Kurum

Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM), Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

MKÜ-BAP-1105D0101

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmanın yapılmasına maddi katkı sağlayan Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğüne (TAGEM), Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesine teşekkür ederiz.

Interferences of Johnson grass [Sorghum halepense L. (Pers.)] with some robust plant species

Öz

Aims:
Species that show strong competition
strategies can shape the use of available resources, with the impact of
environmental changes. Thus, the identification of the factors that influence
the competitiveness of species with high populations plays an important role in
determining the strategies that can be used to prevent the spread of these
species. In this study the competitive abilities of Sorghum halepense
(Johnson grass - SORHA) with Bromus japonicus
(Japanese brome - BROJA), Salvia fruticosa (Anadolu sage - SALFR), Festuca rubra var. rubra (red
fescue - FESRU) or Festuca ovina
(sheep fescue - FESRU) species was examined.

Methods and Results:
The competition trials were carried
out in sterile 9 cm diameter petri dishes in laboratory. According to the results
the competition relations were measured; the stem and root lengths of SORHA -
BROJA, BROJA - SORHA, SORHA - FESOV and FESOV - SORHA, stem weights of SORHA -
FESRU and FESRU - SORHA, and stem lengths of SORHA - SALFR and SALFR - SORHA
differences are important compared to controls of these species.

Conclusions:
Interferences are high in the
plant-plant relationship between all species. This may indicate that it will be
difficult for the selected species to be significantly affected by each other
in the species composition.

Significance and Impact of
the Study: Species
with high competitiveness may show the ability to be the dominant species in
their areas, which may significantly threat to biodiversity. Therefore, the
data obtained from studies aimed at determining the competitiveness of strong
plant species on each other can be used in management and / or precautionary
studies that can be taken for saving biological diversity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Competition, comparison, Sorghum, Bromus, Festuca, Salvia

Proje Numarası

MKÜ-BAP-1105D0101

Kaynakça

• Abdul-Wahab AS, Rice EL (1967) Plant inhibition by Johnson grass and its possible significance in old field succession. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 94:486–497
• Arminante F, De Falco E, De Feo V, De Martino L, Mancini E, Quaranta E (2006) Allelopathic Activity of Essential Oils from Mediterranean Labiatae. Acta Hortic. 723, 347-356 DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.723.47
• Atwater D, Kim W, Tekiela D, Barney J (2017) Competition and propagule density affect sexual and clonal propagation of a weed. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 10(1), 17-25. doi:10.1017/inp.2017.4
• Bais HP, Weir TL, Perry LG, Gilroy S, Vivanco JM (2006) The Role of Root Exudates in Rhizosphere Interactions with Plants and Other Organisms. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57:233–66
• Cherney DJ, Patterson JA Cherney JH, Axtell JD (1991) Fibre and soluble phenolic monomer composition of morphological components of sorghum stover. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 54: 645-649.
• Czarnota MA, Paul Jr RN, Duke SO, Weston LA (2003) Anatomy of sorgoleone-secreting root hairs of sorghum species. International Journal of Plant Science. 164:861-866.
• Dayan EF, Howell J, Weidenhamer JD (2009) Dynamic Root Exudation of Sorgoleone and its in Planta Mechanism of Action. Journal Experimental Botany. 60 (7): 2107-2117
• Einhellig FA (1986) Mechanisms and modes of action of allelochemicals. In The Science of Allelopathy, Eds. Putnam, A.R. and C. Tang. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., USA. pp: 171- 187.
• Einhellig FA, Rasmussen JA, Hejl AM, Souza IF (1993) Effects of root exudate sorgoleone on photosynthesis. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 19:369–375.
• Hatipoğlu R, Tükel T, Atış İ (2006) Çayır-Mera Bitki Topluluklarında Allelopati. Allelopati Çalıştayı Bildiriler Kitabı. Syf. 323-338. Yalova
• Holzapfel, C., Shahrokh, P. and Kafkewitz, D., 2010. Polyphenol oxidase activity in the roots of seedlings of bromus (Poaceae) and other grass genera. American Journal of Botany, 97 (7): 1195–1199.
• Inderjit, Duke SO (2003) Ecophysiological aspects of allelopathy. Planta 217:529-539.
• Jannink JL, Jordan NR, Orf JH (2001). Feasibility of selection for high weed suppressive ability in soybean: absence of tradeoffs between rapid initial growth and sustained later growth. Euphytica 120: 291-300
• Kaur H, Kaur R, Kaur S, Baldwin IT, Inderjit (2009) Taking Ecological Function Seriously: Soil Microbial Communities Can Obviate Allelopathic Effects of Released Metabolites. PLoS ONE 4(3): e4700. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004700 Lindquist, JL (2001) Mechanisms of crop loss due to weed competition. Pages 233–253. In Peterson, R. K. D. and Higley, L. G. Biotic Stress and Yield Loss. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• Lipińska H, Sykut M, Harkot W (2013) The effect of water extracts from leaves of Festuca rubra, F. ovina and F. arundinacea on the initial growth and development of other grass species. Acta Agrobotanica Vol. 66 (2), 2013: 61–70 DOI: 10.5586/023
• Leguizamòn ES, Yanniccari ME, Guiamet JJ, Acciaresi HA (2011) Growth, gas exchange and competitive ability of Sorghum halepense populations under different soil water availability. Canadian Journal Plant Sci. 91: 10111025 doi:10.4141/CJPS10202
• McDonald AJ, Riha SJ, Mohler CL (2004) Mining the record:historical evidence for climatic influences on Zea mays - Abutilon theophrasti competition. Weed Res. 44: 439-445
• Netzly DH, Butler LG (1986) Roots of sorghum exude hydrophobic droplets containing biologically active components. Crop Science. 26:775–778
• Nimbal CI, Pedersen JF, Yerkes CN, Weston LA, Weller SC (1996) Phytotoxicity and distribution of sorgoleone in grain sorghum germplasm. J Agric Food Chem. 44:1343–1347
• Ridenour WM, Callaway RM (2001) The Relative Importance of Allelopathy in Interference: The Effects of An Invasive Weed on a Native Bunchgrass. Oecologia 126: 444-450
• Uddin MR, Park SU, Dayan FE, Pyon JY (2014) Herbicidal activity of formulated sorgoleone, a natural product of sorghum root exudate. Pest Management Science, 70, 252–257
• Vivanco JM, Bais HP, Stermitz TR, Thelen GC, Callaway RM (2004) Biogeochemical variation in community response to root allelochemistry: novle weapons and exotic invasion. Ecology Letters 7, 285- 292
• Walker TS, Bais HP, Grotewold E, Vivanco JM (2003) Root Exudation and Rhizosphere Biology Plant Physiology, Vol. 132, pp. 44–51
• Weston LA, Nimbal CI, Czarnota MA (1997) Activity and persistence of sorgoleone, a long-chain hydroquinone produced by Sorghum bicolor. Brighton Crop Protection Conference. 2:509–516
• Weston LA, Bertin C, Schroeder F (2008). Bioherbicide from Festuca SPP. Patent Application Publication Sheet 1 0 f 27 US 2008/0261815 A1
• Weston LA, Ryan PR, Watt M (2012) Mechanisms for cellular transport and release of allelochemicals from plant roots into the rhizosphere. Journal of Experimental Botany. Volume 63, Issue 9 Pp. 3445-3454
• Yazlık A (2014) Kanyaş (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.)’ın Marmara Bölgesindeki yaygınlığı, yoğunluğu, biyolojisi ve alternatif mücadele olanaklarının belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi Yayın No:45 158s. Hatay
• Yazlık A, Üremiş İ (2015) Kanyaş [(Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.]’ın tohum ve rizom biyolojisine yönelik çalışmalar. Derim, 32 (1), 11-30. DOI: 10.16882/derim.2015.57662
• Yazlık A, Üremiş İ (2016) Evaluation of autotoxic potential of Johnsongrass and its integrated application with herbicides. Journal of Environmental & Agricultural Sciences 9: 44-49 Zhang J, Cheng G, Yu F, Kräuchi N, Li MH (2008) Intensity and importance of competition for a grass (Festuca rubra) and a legume (Trifolium pratense) vary with environmental changes. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50, 1570-579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00699.x