#Vegan: Veganizm Üzerine Twitter Sosyal Ağ Analizi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1 - Yemek Kültürleri, 48 - 82, 19.07.2023

Evrim Yılmaz , Evrim Çağın Polat

https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2023.1.4882

Cited By: 1

Öz

Küresel iklim değişikliği ve hayvan hakları konusundaki hassasiyetlerin bir uzantısı olarak vegan ve bitki bazlı beslenmeye olan ilginin artmaya başladığı görülmektedir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de veganizm konusundaki tartışma alanının Twitter’da nasıl yapılandırıldığını; veganların ve hepçillerin anlatılarını hangi temel konular üzerinde inşa ettiğini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada 2022-2023 yılları arasında vegan, veganizm ve veganol anahtar kelimeleri ve hashtag’leriyle paylaşılan 62.742 tweet üzerinde MiniLM-L6 modeli ile öznitelik çıkarımı, UMAP ile boyut indirgeme ve HDBSCAN ile kümeleme işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kelime ağırlıklandırma yöntemiyle kümelerde öne çıkan kelimeler ve rastgele yapılan manuel okumalarla elde edilen bilgiler kullanılarak, veganlar, hepçiller, kararsızlar ve vegan ürün reklamı yapan kullanıcılar olmak üzere dört farklı kesim tarafından 18 konunun tartışıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca #vegan hashtag ağı incelenerek, vegan beslenme eğilimindeki temel motivasyonların sırasıyla hayvan hakları konusundaki endişeler, sağlıklı beslenmeye/yaşama olan ilgi, kilo kontrolü ve son olarak ekolojik kaygılar olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: vegan, veganizm, Twitter, kümeleme, konu modelleme.

Anahtar Kelimeler

vegan, veganizm, Twitter, kümeleme, konu modelleme

#Vegan: Twitter Social Network Analysis on Veganism

Öz

It is seen that the interest in vegan and plant-based nutrition has started to increase as an extension of the sensitivity about global climate change and animal rights. This research aims to determine which discussion topics about veganism are created on Twitter by vegans and omnivores in Turkey. For this purpose, feature extraction with the MiniLM-L6 model, dimension reduction with UMAP and clustering with HDBSCAN were performed on 62,742 tweets collected with the "vegan," "veganizm," and "veganol" keywords and hashtags between 2022-2023. Using the prominent words in the clusters with the word weighting method and the information obtained from random manual readings, It was determined that 18 topics were discussed by four different groups, namely vegans, omnivores, undecided individuals and users advertising vegan products. Additionally, the #vegan hashtag network was examined and it was determined that main motivations for adopting a vegan diet were concerns about animal rights, interest in healthy eating/living, weight control and ecological concerns, respectively.
Keywords: vegan, veganism, Twitter, clustering, topic modelling.

Anahtar Kelimeler

vegan, veganism, Twitter, clustering, topic modelling

Kaynakça

• Adams, C. J. (2021). Etin Cinsel Politikası: Feminist-Vejetaryen Eleştirel Kuram. (G. Tezcan ve M. E. Boyacıoğlu, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
• Aleixo, M. G., Sass, C. A., Leal, R. M., Dantas, T. M., Pagani, M. M., Pimentel, T. C., Freitas, M. Q., Cruz, A. G., Azeredo, D. R. P., Esmerino, E. A. (2021). Using Twitter® as source of information for dietary market research: a study on veganism and plant‐based diets. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 56 (1), 61-68.
• Asher, K., Green, C., Gutbrod, H., Jewell, M., Hale, G., Bastian, B. (2014). Study of current and former vegetarians and vegans: Initial findings. Humane Research Council. Erişim: 19 Mayıs 2023, https://faunalytics.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Faunalytics_Current-Former-Vegetarians_Full-Report.pdf
• Asyaky, M. S., Mandala, R. (2021).Improving the performance of HDBSCAN on short text clustering by using word embedding and UMAP. 2021 8th International Conference on Advanced Informatics: Concepts, Theory and Applications (ICAICTA) (s. 1-6). IEEE.
• Bail, C.A. (2014). The cultural environment: measuring culture with big data. Theory and Society, 43, 465–482.
• Bastian, B., Loughnan, S. (2017). Resolving the meat-paradox: A motivational account of morally troublesome behavior and its maintenance. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 21 (3), 278-299.
• Braun, V., Carruthers, S. (2020). Working at self and welness: a critical analysis of vegan vlogs. D. Lupton ve Z. Feldman (Der.) içinde, Digital Food Cultures (s. 82-96). Routledge.
• Cherry, E. (2006). Veganism as a Cultural Movement: A Relational Approach. Social Movements Studies, Vol. 5 (2), 155-170.
• Cooper, K., Dedehayir, O., Riverola, C., Harrington, S., Alpert, E. (2022). Exploring consumer perceptions of the value proposition embedded in vegan food products using text analytics. Sustainability, 14 (4), 2075.
• Corrin, T. ve Papadopoulos, A. (2017). Understanding the attitudes and perceptions of vegetarian and plant-based diets to shape future health promotion programs. Appetite, 109, 40–47.
• De Mul, J. (2005). The game of life: Narrative and ludic identity formation in computer games. J. Raessens ve J. Goldstein (Der.) içinde, Handbook of Computer Game Studies (s. 251-266). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• Deumert, A. (2014). Sociolinguistics and Mobile Communication. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press.
• Devlin, J., Chang, M. W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K. (2018). Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805.
• Egger, R., Yu, J. (2022). A Topic Modeling Comparison Between LDA, NMF, Top2Vec, and BERTopic to Demystify Twitter Posts. Frontiers in Sociology, 7, 886498.
• Evans, J. A. ve Aceves, P. (2016). Machine translation: mining text for social theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 42, 21-50.
• Giraud, E. H. (2021). Veganism: Politics, Practice, and Theory. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
• Giroux, V., Larue, R. (2021). Veganizm. (Z. H. Louze, Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim.
• Golder, S. A. ve Macy, M. W. (2014). Digital footprints: Opportunities and challenges for online social research. Annual Review of Sociology, 40 (1), 129-152.
• Grootendorst, M. (2021). BERTopic. Erişim: 1 Nisan 2023, https://maartengr.github.io/BERTopic/api/bertopic.html
• Grootendorst, M. (2022). BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.05794.
• Harrison, R. (1964). Animal Machines: The New Factory Farming Industry. London: Vincent Stuart Publishers.
• Hilbert, M. (2016). Big Data for Development: A Review of Promises and Challenges. Development Policy Review, 34, 135-174.
• ITU (2022). Internet Use. Erişim: 1 Nisan 2023, https://www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/2022/11/24/ff22-internet-use/
• Jennings, L., Danforth, C. M., Dodds, P. S., Pinel, E., Pope, L. (2019). Exploring perceptions of veganism. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.12567.
• Joy, M. (2010). Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism. San Francisco, CA: Conari Press.
• Leenaert, T. (2019). Vegan Bir Dünya. (İ. Kökeş, Çev.). İstanbul: Yeni İnsan.
• Malzer, C., ve Baum, M. (2020). A hybrid approach to hierarchical density-based cluster selection. 2020 IEEE international conference on multisensor fusion and integration for intelligent systems (MFI) (s. 223-228). IEEE.
• Markowski, K.L. ve Roxburgh, S. (2019). If I became a vegan, my family and friends would hate me: anticipating vegan stigma as a barrier to plant-based diets. Appetite, 135, 1–9.
• Martinelli, D. Ve Berkmaniene, A. (2018). The Politics and the Demographics of Veganism: Notes for a Critical Analysis. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, 31, 501-530.
• Molina, M. ve Garip, F. (2019). Machine learning for sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 45, 27-45.
• Nibert, D. A. (2013). Animal Oppression and Human Violence: Domesecration, Capitalism, and Global Conflict. NY: Columbia University Press.
• Pilař, L., Kvasničková Stanislavská, L., Kvasnička, R. (2021). Healthy food on the twitter social network: Vegan, homemade, and organic food. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18 (7), 3815.
• Pilař, L., Pilařová, L., Chalupová, M., Kvasničková Stanislavská, L., Pitrová, J. (2022). Food Bloggers on the Twitter Social Network: Yummy, Healthy, Homemade, and Vegan Food. Foods, 11 (18), 2798.
• Preece, R. (2008). Sins of the flesh: A history of ethical vegetarian thought. Vancouver, British Columbia: UBC Press.
• Regan, T. (1983). The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Reimers, N. ve Gurevych, I. (2019). Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert-networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.10084.
• Rosenfeld, D. L. (2020). Gender differences in vegetarian identity: How men and women construe meatless dieting. Food Quality and Preference, 81, 103859. Ryder, R. D. (1989). Animal Revolution: Changing Attitudes Towards Speciesism. Oxford: Blackwell.
• Sainburg, T., McInnes, L., Gentner, T. Q. (2020). Parametric UMAP embeddings for representation and semi-supervised learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.12981.
• Salganik, M. J. (2019). Bit by Bit: Social Research in the Digital Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• Scott, E. (2020). Healthism and veganism: discursive constructions of food and health in an online vegan community. D. Lupton ve Z. Feldman (Der.) içinde, Digital Food Cultures (s. 68-81). Routledge.
• Sexton, A. E., Garnett, T., Lorimer, J. (2022). Vegan food geographies and the rise of Big Veganism. Progress in Human Geography, 46 (2), 605-628.
• Singer, P. (1975/2018). Hayvan Özgürleşmesi. (H. Doğan, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
• Singer, P. (2020). Neden Vegan?. (P. Şengül, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
• Spiegel, M. (1988). The Dreaded Comparison: Human and Animal Slavery. London: Heretic Books.
• Türkiye Vegan Derneği (2023). Vegan Gıda Pazarı Tüketici Tercihleri 2022 Verileri Türkiye & Avrupa. Erişim: 1 Nisan 2023, https://haberler.tvd.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Vegan-Pazar-Arastirmasi-2022_V-Label-Turkiye.pdf
• Tweepy (2023). Tweepy: An easy to use Python library for accessing the Twitter API. Erişim: 1 Nisan 2023, https://www.tweepy.org/
• Twitter (2023). Twitter API: Academic Research Access. Erişim: 1 Nisan 2023, https://developer.twitter.com/en/products/twitter-api/academic-research
• Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., Kaiser, L., Polosukhin, I. (2017). Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems, 30.
• Vegan Topluluğu (The Vegan Society) (2023). Definition of veganism. Erişim: 1 Nisan 2023, https://www.vegansociety.com/go-vegan/definition-veganism
• Wang, W., Wei, F., Dong, L., Bao, H., Yang, N., Zhou, M. (2020). Minilm: Deep self-attention distillation for task-agnostic compression of pre-trained transformers. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33, 5776-5788.
• Wu, S., Li, G., Deng, L., Liu, L., Wu, D., Xie, Y., Shi, L. (2018). L1-norm batch normalization for efficient training of deep neural networks. IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems, 30 (7), 2043-2051.
• Yegen, C. ve Aydın, B. O. (2018). Postmodern bir kimlik olarak veganlık ve bir çevrimiçi vegan ağının analizi. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, (28), 91-114.
• Yetim, G., Buran, İ., Argan, M., Özer, A. (2021). Vejetaryen Olmak ya da Olmamak: Netnografik Perspektiften Vegan-Vejetaryen Sanal Toplulukları. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23 (3), 1193-1217.